Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium,including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. Methods The data of the patient with schistoso?miasis haematobium were collected,and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. More?over,the patient was treated with praziquantel,and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. Results The patient once worked in Angola for three months,and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective af?ter anti?inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However , the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sec?tions under a microscope,and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post?treatment,but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post?treatment,the eggs were not detected in the urine. Conclusions The imported cases of schistosomiasis hae?matobium are often misdiagnosed,and therefore,it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper,there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg?granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment re?sults.

Objective To investigate the gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) and dynamic changes of thyroid function at different gestational ages in Chongqing .Methods Combining self-sequential longtitudinal with cross-sectional study, the serum samples from 640 pregnant women with different gestational age were collected from June 2014 to September 2015 in the Third Military Medical University. The free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were detected by the direct chemiluminescence method.According to China Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease in pregnancy and postpartum in 2012, the reference interval of the thyroid function was calculated.The data were analyzed by Chi square test .Results Established GRIs of thyroid function during pregnancy in Chongqing:The GRIs was 3.68-5.59 pmol/L for FT3, 9.34-17.02 pmol /L for FT4, 0.18-5.26 mIU/L for TSH in 6-9+6 weeks of pregnancy; the GRIs was 3.69-6.03 pmol /L for FT3, 8.42-15.75 pmol/L for FT4、0.09-4.85 mIU/L for TSH in 10-13+6 weeks of pregnancy; the GRIs was 3.24-5.46 pmol /L for FT3, 6.50-14.24 pmol/L for FT4, 0.11-5.13 mIU/L for TSH in 14-27+6 weeks of pregnancy;the GRIs was 3.06-5.05 pmol /L for FT3, 6.12-11.69 pmol/L for FT4, 0.75-3.67 mIU/L for TSH in 30-34 weeks of pregnancy; the GRIs was 2.96-5.00 pmol/L for FT3, 6.26-11.36 pmol /L for FT4, 0.84-5.54 mIU/L for TSH in 36-40 weeks of pregnancy.Screening by GRIs, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 8.75% (46), however, the prevalence was 37.07% (195) in according with the guidelines,χ2 =120.5,P =0.000.The overdiagnosis rate was 28.32%(149 /526).Using the guidelines of thyroid disease and our GRIs, the thyroid disease was found 116 (22.05%) and 30 (5.70%) in the first screening. Moreover, the thyroid disease was found 79(19.27%) and 10(3.23%) during the repeat screening in the normal population.Conclusions Using the GRIs for thyroid function tests in normal singleton pregnant women could reduce the risk of over diagnosis .The detection rate of repeat screening of TPOAb negative patients was close to the first screening detection rate , and repeated screening could reduce the risk of missed diagnosis for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy women .(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39:511-515 )

Objective To establish the reference intervals of hemoglobin A 1c( HbA1c ) and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) in the first and second trimester of pregnancy in Chongqing , and to evaluate the viability of the combination of HbA 1c and FPG in screening gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods The study retrospectively selected the pregnant women seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Daping Hospital between September 2014 and August 2015.The results of FPG during 10-13 pregnant weeks and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) and HbA1c during 24-28 pregnant weeks were available.Totally 185 cases were assigned into GDM group , and 269 cases were assigned into normal group based on the American Diabetes Association ( ADA) guidelines.Reference intervals of HbA 1c and FPG in normal pregnant woman were developed .The difference of HbA 1c , FPG and OGTT results between two groups was analyzed.T-student test, NcMemar test,signed rank sum test, ROC curve were used for statistical analysis.Results The reference intervals of HbA 1c and FPG in first and second trimester were 4.58%-5.52%,4.21-5.49 mmol/L and 4.03-5.08 mmol/L.The FPG level in first and second trimester and HbA 1c level in GDM group vs normal group were(5.06 ±0.37) vs(4.85 ±0.32)mmol/L(t=6.569,P=0.000), 5.23(5.11,5.4) vs 4.74(4.54,4.91) mmol/L(z=-14.31,P=0.000)and 5.3(5.1,5.4)% vs 5.2(5.0, 5.3)%( z=-5.79,P=0.000) respectively.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) of HbA1c , and FPG in first and second trimester was 0.655, 0.659 and 0.890 respectively.When the cut-off value of HbA1c was 5.35%, the AUC of the combination of HbA 1c and FPG in second trimester was 0.898, the sensitivity was 0.838,and the specificity was 0.859.The kappa coefficient for identifying GDM between OGTT and the combined method was 0.692(P=0.000).Conclusion HbA1c combined with FPG is of some value in screening GDM.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the content of tanshinone IIA in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae from different habitats are regularly altered and find out the deviation between the studies.

METHODThe data of the content of tanshinone IIA in samples of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae from different areas and related information since 1997 was collected and statistically analyzed.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe content of tanshinone IIA in wild Salvia was generally higher than that in the cultivated Salvia, and the content in nearly half cultivated Salvia was less than 0.2%. There existed a big difference between the used statistical model, and the data related the content in samples from Sichuan was the most divisive. The coefficient of variation of wild Salvia was below the cultivated Salvia, and the cultivated Salvia from different areas showed different coefficients of variation. The content of tanshinone IIA was lower when samples were extracted using the heating reflux method.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the history of the medicinal uses, resources, distribution, habitat and population characteristic of Coptis deltoidea, and provide basis for the protection and rational development and utilization of Radix Coptidis Deltoideae.

METHODThe relevant literature and data was scrutinized and herbarium was compared, interview and field survey methods were carried out.

RESULTThe medicinal history, resources, distribution, population characteristic and protective strategy of C. deltoidea were summarized. The sustainable development of C. deltoidea was discussed.

CONCLUSIONThe resource is endangered, the germplasm resources should be intentionally protected and ensure the sustainable development and utilization of C. deltoidea.

Emblic medicine is a popular natural source in the world due to its outstanding healthcare and therapeutic functions. Our preliminary results indicated that the quality of emblic medicines might have an apparent regional variation. A rapid and effective geographical traceability system has not been designed yet. To trace the geographical origins so that their quality can be controlled, an integrated spectroscopic strategy including spectral pretreatment, outlier diagnosis, feature selection, data fusion, and machine learning algorithm was proposed. A featured data matrix (245 × 220) was successfully generated, and a carefully adjusted RF machine learning algorithm was utilized to develop the geographical traceability model. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is effective and can be generalized. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and accuracy (ACC) of 97.65％, 99.85％ and 97.63％ for the calibrated set, as well as 100.00％ predictive efficiency, were obtained using this spectroscopic analysis strategy. Our study has created an integrated analysis process for multiple spectral data, which can achieve a rapid, nondestructive and green quality detection for emblic medicines originating from seventeen geographical origins.

Objective Chorioamnionitis in pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM) may lead to perinatal morbidity. There is no definite diagnostic method for detecting chorioamnionitis before delivery. In this retrospective study, the diagnostic value of five inflammatory markers, including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEU), c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) of subclinical chorioamnionitis in PPROM were investigated. Methods A total of 74 PPROM (Group A: 21 PPROM without infection; Group B: 43 PPROM with subclinical chorioamnionitis;Group C:10 PPROM with chorioamnionitis) and 46 controls (Group D:normal full-term pregnancies) were recruited from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between 2013 and 2017. The five markers were measured within 24 hours before the delivery. The diagnostic value of inflammatory markers for subclinical chorioamnionitis were assessed by t test and ROC curve. Results The levels of WBC, NEU and IL-6 in group A were significantly higher than those in group D (T=5.412, Z=-3.312, T=2.798, all P<0.05). The levels of five inflammatory markers in group B and C were all significantly increased compare with group D(Zb=-5.797, Zb=-5.296, Zb=-5.116, Zb=-3.279, Zb=-4.36, Tc=7.732, Zc=-4.622, Zc=-4.591, Zc=-3.509, Zc=-4.387,all P<0.05). Group B CRP, IL-6 and PCT levels were significantly higher than those of group A(Z=-3.10, Z=-2.95, Z=-2.202, all P<0.05). All five markers of group C were significantly higher than those of group A(T=-5.285, Z=-2.536, Z=-3.819, Z=-3.228, Z=-3.719, all P<0.05). The levels of WBC, NEU and IL-6 in group C were significantly higher than those in PPROM group B(Z=-3.296, T=-2.738, Z=-3.501, all P<0.05). In terms of predictive capability of subclinical chorioamnionitis, the individual area under ROC curve (AUC) of CRP, IL-6, and PCT were 0.740, 0.671, and 0.728 corresponding to the optimal cutoff 10.3 mg/L, 5.995 pg/ml, and 0.055 ng/ml respectively. The sensitivity value were 39.5％, 60.5％ and 74.4％, the specificity value were 100％, 85.7％and 61.9％.The area under the ROC curves of CRP+IL-6,CRP+PCT,IL-6+PCT and CRP+IL+6+PCT were 0.746, 0.805, 0.776 and 0.816. The sensitivity value were 51.2％, 74.4％, 81.4％ and 62.8％, the specificity value were 95.2％, 81％, 66.7％and 90.5％. Conclusions The model (combined with PCT, CRP and IL-6) may be helpful for the diagnosis of the subclinical chorioamnionitis in PPROM. Combined diagnosis of two markers in PCT,CRP and IL-6 could be superior to single inflammatory marker. Combined diagnosis of three could be better,which may provide a reference for clinical diagnosis.

In this review, the authors summarized the new technologies and methods for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials, including molecular identification, chemical identification, morphological identification, microscopic identification and identification based on biological effects. The authors introduced the principle, characteristics, application and prospect on each new technology or method and compared their advantages and disadvantages. In general, new methods make the result more objective and accurate. DNA barcoding technique and spectroscopy identification have their owner obvious strongpoint in universality and digitalization. In the near future, the two techniques are promising to be the main trend for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The identification techniques based on microscopy, liquid chromatography, PCR, biological effects and DNA chip will be indispensable supplements. However, the bionic identification technology is just placed in the developing stage at present.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.