Objective: To explore the value of MRI located and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided transperineal biopsy of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: MRI were obtained of 120 patients with suspected PCa, and then systematic biopsy (SB) and MRI-located target biopsy (MRI-TB) guided by TRUS were performed. The detection rate for PCa and positive needle rate of SB, MRI-TB and SB+MRI-TB were respectively calculated according to pathological outcomes. Results: Seventy-eight PCa and 42 benign lesions were proved by pathology. The missed diagnosis rate of SB and MRI-TB for PCa was 23.08% (18/78) and 8.97%(7/78), which were statistically different (P=0.048). The detection rate of PCa for SB, MRI-TB and SB+MRI-TB was 50.00% (60/120), 59.17% (71/120) and 65.00% (78/120), respectively, of SB+MRI-TB was higher than of SB and MRI-TB (both P<0.05). The positive needle rate of PCa for SB, MRI-TB and SB+MRI-TB was 31.17% (374/1 200), 59.58% (286/480) and 35.14% (538/1 531), respectively, of MRI-TB was higher than that of SB and SB+MRI-TB (both P<0.001). Conclusion: MRI-TB can improve the rate of positive biopsy needles, reduce the number of biopsy points and the risk of repeated biopsy and complications. SB+MRI-TB protocol can improve the detection rate of PCa.

Objective To evaluate diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in dif-ferentiation of various solid focal liver lesions (SFLL )commonly encountered .Methods 142 cases with 158 SFLLs underwent breath-hold diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)(b = 500 s/mm2 ) using a 1 .5 Tesla MR scanner .The cases included 7 cases of imma-tured abscesses ,12 cases of FNHs ,74 cases of hepatic cell cancer ,26 cases of cholangiocarcinomaes and 39 cases of metastasises . The signal intensity on DWI ,ADC value and the difference for each type of SFLLs were measured and analyzed .Results 24 cases of SFLLs were manifested as high signal intensity ,132 cases of SFLLs manifested as slightly high signal intensity and only 2 cases of SFLLs manifested as iso-signal intensity on DWI sequence .The mean ADC value ( × 10 - 3 mm2 /s)for immatured abscesses , FNHs ,HCCs ,cholangiocarcinomaes ,metastasises were (1 .48 ± 0 .23) ,(1 .75 ± 0 .26) ,(1 .23 ± 0 .43) ,(1 .47 ± 0 .35) ,(1 .36 ± 0 .33) ,respectively .The difference in ADC values between FNH patients and other SFLLs patients showed statistically significant (P< 0 .01) ,while HCCs immatured abscesses and malignant SFLLs showed no statistical significance (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The signal intensity on DWI and ADC values may be helpful for diagnosing solid focal liver lesions .

Objective To explore the MSCT characteristics of adhesive abdominal internal hernias and its complication of strangulated intestinal necrosis.Methods The CT data of 21 cases with adhesive abdominal internal hernias proved by operation were analyzed retrospectively.Raw data of CT images were reconstructed with MPR and/or CTA procedure for visualizing the hernia ring, intestinal mesentery and ansa interstinalis.Results Adhesive bands (hernia ring), crowding of distended and fluid-filled bowel loops with an abnormal location was visualized in 19 cases, among which the transitional segment from stenosis to dilation of the intestine was visualized in 17 cases.The crowded and engorged mesenteric vessels, edematous mesentery were visualized in 17 cases,among which mesenteric torsion was visualized in 11 cases.Varying amounts of ascites was visualized in 15 cases.All adhesive abdominal internal hernias in our study were classified according to their image manifestation.Dilated intestinal loop with thickened bowel wall was classified to type Ⅰ (7 cases).Dilated intestinal loop with normal bowel wall was classified to type Ⅱ (9 cases).Normal size of the intestinal loop with thickened bowel wall was classified to type Ⅲ (5 cases).The difference of CT values of the intestinal wall on non-contrast CT,enhancement CT values in arterial and portal phase of contrast-enhanced CT among three types of adhesive abdominal internal hernias showed statistical significance (P<0.05).The CT values and CT enhancement for type Ⅰ and Ⅲ were lower compared to type Ⅱ, while the difference of CT values between type Ⅰ and Ⅲ showed no statistical significance (P>0.05).8 cases of adhesive abdominal internal hernias were accompanied by intestinal necrosis (5 cases for type Ⅰ,3 cases for type Ⅲ).The necrotic intestine loop manifested as markedly thickened and blurred bowel wall with reduced enhancement, while thrombosis embolism of SMV was visualized in 4 cases and thrombosis embolism of SMA in 3 cases,respectively.Massive ascites was visualized in 8 cases.Conclusion The adhesion bands,transitional segment of small intestine,gathered and translocated intestinal loops are the clue to the diagnosis of adhesive abdominal internal hernias.Edema of mesentery, gathered and engorged mesenteric vessels, occlusion of SMV or SMA and the conspicuously thickened bowel wall with reduced enhancement are the image characteristics of intestinal necrosis.

Fetal echocardiography is the first-line imaging tool for diagnosing coarctation of aorta (CoA). Currently, there are some typical ultrasonic features, but no single one can be used for accurate prenatal diagnosis or differential diagnosis of fetal CoA and ultrasonic scoring system remains under investigation in diagnosing or risk classification of CoA. This paper reviews the progress in prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal CoA.

Objective　To evaluate significance of squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen (SCC Ag) and carcinoembrynoic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) in early diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods　Lung squamous cell carcinoma was induced with methylcholanthrene (MCA) in iodized oil in Wistar rats. Ninty-one rats were used for this experiment, and the rats were sacrificed on the 20th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th and 80th days respectively. The stage of the cancer development including atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, early invasive carcinoma was diagnosed histopathologically. SCC Ag, CEA and CA15-3 in the serum of different conceration stage rats were measured by MEIA technique. Results　Serum levels of SCC Ag, CEA and CA15-3 of the model rats in the atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ had no significant difference. The level of SCC Ag increased predominantly at the early invasive carcinoma(P＜0.01), but the other two markers had no change. Conclusion　SCC Ag level in serum may be of considerable importance in the early diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma.