Objective To study the effect of the low free radical cigarettes (test cigarettes) on the blood biochemical parameters,lung and polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus in rats. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group,the comparison smoke group and the experimental smoke group (low free radical cigarettes),12 in each. Let the rats smoke passively for 30 day,daily 12 cigarettes,then the determination of blood biochemical parameters and the polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus rate in the bone marrow,the pathological examination of the trachea and the lung tissues were conducted. Results Compared with the blank control,no significant changes were seen in the blood biochemical parameters and the polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus rate. The pathological examination of the lung tissues indicated that the pathological changes in the experimental smoke group were slight compared with the comparison smoke group. Conclusion No seriously adverse effects of low free radical cigarettes on the lung tissues of rats have been seen in the present study,that indicates that maybe the low free radical cigarette has an advantage in the health safety.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofbaicalin(BC)onglialfibrillaryacidicprotein(GFAP)andnuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) expression and neuronal apoptosis in juvenile rat hippocampus after status convulsion ( SC) .METH-ODS:One hundred and ninety five juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal saline pretreatment group (NS group), SC group and SC with BC pretreatment group (BC group).Each of these 3 groups would be subdivided into 5 subgroups sacrificed at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after SC.The rat SC model was prepared by lithium-pilocarpine chemical method .The protein expression of GFAP and NF-κB was detected by the method of immuno-histochemistry .The mRNA expression of GFAP was detected by RT-PCR.The neuronal apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) .RESULTS: Compared with NS group , the GFAP positive cells was in-creased in SC group (P<0.05).Compared with SC group, the expression of GFAP was significantly reduced in BC group (P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the NF-κB positive cells was increased in SC group (P<0.05).Compared with SC group, the expression of NF-κB was significantly reduced in BC group .RT-PCR showed that the expression trend of GFAP mRNA was similar to that of the protein .Compared with NS group , the TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 area in SC group increased significantly 12 h after SC (P<0.01), and reached a peak at 48 h.After the intervention with BC, the TUNEL positive cells decreased significantly between 12~48 h after SC (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but the number of TUNEL positive cells remained significantly greater than that in NS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of GFAP and NF-κB in the hippocampus increased after SC in rats .Baicalin decreases the expression of GFAP and NF-κB in hippocampus of rats with pilocarpine-induced seizures , and reduces the number of neuronal apoptosis , sug-gesting that baicalin may protect against the brain damage caused by status convulsion .

Objective To investigate appropriate use of radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) in treatment of liver cancer.Methods Fouty-one patients with hepatic cancer were entered into two trials. The liver tumors were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) or intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (IRFA). All patients were followed up postoperatively to assess complications, treatment response, and local recurrence of tumor.Results PRFA and IRFA were performed on 32 tumors in 18 patients and 43 tumors in 23 patients, respectively. Treatment-related complications occurred in 6 of the 18 patients treated with PRFA (33.3%). In contrast, there was only 1 complication after IRFA (4.3%, P

Objective To understand the main genotypes ,age distribution and infection situation of women cervical human papil‐lomavirus (HPV) infection ,and to investigate the clinical value of the HPV genotype detection combined with thinprep cytology test(TCT ) in screening the cervical lesions .Methods The detection results in 3 272 women voluntarily receiving the cervical cancer screening ,HPV genotype detection and TCT examination in the gynecology clinic of our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were performed the statistical analysis .Results Among 3 272 cases ,841 cases were HPV positive with the positive rate of 25 .70% and mainly concentrated in 25 - < 50 years old ,in which 714 strains were high‐risk subtype (including mixed infection) , accounting for 84 .90% ,the HPV type 16 ,52 ,58 ,18 were in the top four ,the multiple infection was in 185 cases (at least one kind of high risk type was detected out in each case of multiple infection) ;253 cases were TCT positive with the positive rate of 7 .73% , in which 167 cases were abnormal diagnosed by the pathological biopsy ,the coincidence rate reached 66 .01% ,among 167 cases of positive pathological biopsy ,166 cases were HPV infection ,7 cases of cervical cancer all were infected by high‐risk type HPV .Con‐clusion The HPV subtype detection combined with TCT can significantly increase the positive rate of cervical cancer screening , which conduces to achieve early prevention ,early discovery ,early treatment for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer .

Objective:To explore the genotype distribution of lipoprotein lipase polymorphism at Pvu Ⅱ locus and its possible association with serum lipid levels, body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake. Method:Pvu II polymorphism was determined by PCR-PFLP method in 156 adults with hyperlipidemia and 154 adults with normal serum lipid levels as control in Shanghai. Their physical examinations, dietary investigation and the levels of serum lipid profile, including TG, TC, HDL and LDL were analyzed. Results: ⑴ There was no significant difference in frequencies of genotypes or allele between the hyperlipidemia and the control, and between male and female. ⑵ BMI were significantly different between P-P-and P+P+, P+P-genotype groups. The BMI of subjects with genotype P+P+ had the highest levels. The relationship was significant after adjusting several confounding factors such as age, gender and blood lipid (P

ObjectiveTo probe into the influence of the zero price margin for drugs on the revenue-expenditure structure at primary healthcare organizations.MethodsOne of the pilot districts experimenting with this system in Ningbo city was earmarked as the research object.Within this district,the data of their revenue,expenditure and surplus were collected from 20 primary healthcare organizations prior to and after the zero price margin for drugs was in place for classification analysis.ResultsThe percentage of service revenue among the total revenue has dropped from 68.34％ before the system was in place to 65.44％ after,reducing 4.24％.The percentage of drug revenue has dropped from 71.68％ before to 63.57％ after,reducing 11.31％.The percentage of service surplus has dropped from 15.81％ before to - 23.07％ after,reducing 245.94％.The total standard workload has increased 61.77％.Average medical expense per outpatient and per inpatient has reduced 32.85％ and 57.18％,from 71.44yuan and 2642.08 yuan before to 48.33 yuan and 1131.28 yuan after respectively.ConclusionThe deficit rise and higher percentage of drug revenue at primary healthcare organizations deserve attention.A comprehensive reform is recommended to establish a regular government financial support mechanism,further adjust the revenue-expenditure structure,set up the system of rational drug use,and effectively reduce the medical expense of patients.

Through investigating the hospital admission and hospital discharge of vagrant mental patients in Xi-aoshan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 , the present study found that there existed some ethical di-lemmas including the risk ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not, lack of the guarantee of patients' rights and interests and supervision mechanism without guardian, long-term retention in the wards, and so on. It is sug-gested to establish right protection and supervision committee for vagrant mental patients, reduce the misdiagnosis ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not through the error correction mechanism, ensure proper treatment and care, create retention way, protect the basic rights of the vagrant mental patients, reduce mental disability, avoid to stray again, so as to perfect the social management system.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods 80 adult habitual snorers were divided into mild,moderate,severe OSAHS groups and control group,based on their apnea hypopnea index (AHI).Correlative clinical data were measured and analyzed.Results Serum adiponectin level [( 5.44 ± 2.57 ) mg/L] was significantly lower and HOMA-insulin resistance index ( 3.42 ± 0.70) was significantly higher in severe group than other groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with BMI,waist hip ratio,neck circumferences and et al( r =-0.233 ～ -0.499,P ＜0.05),but it was positively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation ( LSaO2 ),Ⅲ + Ⅳ％ and REM％ ( r =0.270～ 0.429,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance were observed in severe OSAHS patients.The related risk factors of hypoadiponectinemia in OSAHS might include obesity,disordered sleep architecture and other adipokines.

Objective To explore the role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) signal pathway in seizure-reduced brain injures and the regulatory effect of Nimodipine on it.Methods Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into status convulsion group (SC group),Nimodipine group(NM group),and a normal control group(NC group).The expressions of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The expression of apoptosis cells was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results (1) Immunohistochemistry:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h.(2) RT-PCR:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly.The NM group was much higher than the SC group and the NC group(all P ＜ 0.05) ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h;the NM group was much lower than the SC group,and higher than the NC group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) TUNEL:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of the TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 48 h,and then began decreasing,and there was no difference between SC group and NC group;the NM group was much lower than the SC group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The correlation of the increased expression of p38MAPK and neuronal apoptosis indicates that GRP78 signal pathway may be mediated to cell apoptosis through p38MAPK.Nimodipine can affect the expression of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK,and relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lessen the pathologic damage to the hippocampus.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of death in pediatric trauma,in order to provide preventing strategies and reduce mortality.Methods A retrospective study of 7936 traumatic children admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from April 2014 to March 2016 was conducted.We retrospectively summarized the clinical features and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of death in children with trauma.Results Compared to females,male patients contributed higher percentages(1.73∶1).There were more migrant children(5535 cases) than local ones(2 401 cases)(χ2=14.314,P＜0.05).Children in infancy stage(2 024 cases)and toddler period(3 097 cases) were more than in the other periods.Limb[41.9%(3 324/7 936)] and skin injuries[38.5%(3 058 324/7 936)] were the most common.Children trauma causes varied with age,fall,tumble and traffic accidents were common causes of children trauma.Pediatric trauma score of surviving group(n=1933),death group(n=5),general ward group(n=1852) and ICU group(n=86) were 8.53± 2.17,3.17± 1.29,9.72± 1.25,5.23± 1.84,respectively.Shock decompensation,mechanical ventilation,Glasgow coma scale ≤7 and pediatric trauma score＜8 were the risk factors which caused the death of trauma.Conclusion Parents should improve the security sense,strengthen the care of children and obey the traffic rules to reduce the rate of children trauma.Clinicians should pay attention to shock decompensation,mechanical ventilation,Glasgow coma scale and pediatric trauma score in order to identify critically ill patients in early stage and improve the success rate of rescue.