Objective To investigate the role of soluble CD305(sCD305)in renal allograft rejection.Methods Concentration of serum sCD305 was detected on 20 healthy volunteers and 153 cases of recipients after kidney transplantation by using double monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results In the healthy volunteers and 98 recipients with normal renal funetion,sCD305 was detected at low levels of(4.3±2.3)μg/L and(6.3±3.7)μg/L.In 20 cases of acute rejection and 5 cases of graft loss,serum sCD305 levels were(36.3±14.7)μg/L and(28.8±9.4)μg/L,and significantly higher than those in the healthy volunteers and recipients with normal renal function.Meanwhile,in the 30 cases of chronic rejection and 6 cases under dialysis treatment,the levels of sCD205were(13.1±5.5)ttg/L and(11.2±4.6)μg/L and significantly higher than those in the healthy volunteers and recipients with normal renal function.Conclusions CD305 was presented at high level in the recipients with renal acute or chronic rejection,and it might be a potential marker for monitoring graft rejection after transplantation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the soluble LAIR-1(sLAIR-1)in the serum from recipients after transplant and graft rejection.Methods Serum sLAIR-1 level was determined by double mAb sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on 23 cases of liver transplantation and 139 cases of kidney transplantation.Results In healthy volunteers and 98 recipients with normal graft function,sLAIR-1 was detected at low level [(4.3±2.3)μg/L and(6.3±3.7)μg/L],with the difference being not significant.In 6 cases of liver acute rejection,20 cases of kidney acute rejection and 5 cases of graft loss,serum sLAIR-1 levels were increased remarkably at high 1evels [(47.2±25.9)μg/L,(36.3±14.7)μg/L,and(28.8±9.4)μg/L respectively]as compared with the two groups of healthy volunteers and the recipients with normal graft function,even peaked at 117.3 μg/L in one case of severe liver rejection.Meanwhile,in 5 cases of liver chronic rejection,27 cases of kidney chronic rejection and 6 cases under dialysis treatment.the levels of sLAIR-1 were(16.1±6.4)μg/L,(13.1±5.5)μg/L and(11.2±4.6)μg/L respectively,significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers and the recipients with normal graft function.Conclusion sLAIR_1 was detected at high level in the recipients suffered graft acute or chronic rejection and might be a promising monitor of rejection after transplantation.

Objective Based on detection of the soluble LAIR-1 (sLAIR-1) and sIL-2R in the bile from recipient after liver transplant, the role of sLAIR-1 and sIL-2R in graft acute rejection were analyzed. Methods Bile sLAIR-1 level and sIL-2R were determined by double mAb sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 55 cases of liver transplantation. Results In 22 recipients with normal graft function, sLAIR-1 and sIL-2R were detected at low level in the bile. In the 29 cases of liver acute rejection (AR), significant increase of bile sIL-2R level was detected on the lst and 2nd d before final diagnosis. With the effective methylprednisolone pulse therapy, sIL-2R level was decreased significantly on the 3rd d. On the other hand, remarkable increase of bile sLAIR-1 was found on the lst,2nd and 3rd d before final diagnosis. After of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for 3 d, bile sLAIR-1resturned to the control level. Conclusion Both bile sIL-2R and sLAIR-1 are detected at high level in the recipients suffering from liver acute rejection. The level of bile sLAIR-1 changes dramatically and responsively according to liver acute rejection. Therefore, detecting these two markers synergistically may be a promising monitor for rejection after liver transplantation.

Objective To study and investigate the detection value of noninvasive cerebral hemodynamics and serum nerve func‐tion indexes in the patients with craniocerebral injury .Methods Totally 64 patients with craniocerebral injury in our hospital from September 2013 to May 2015 were selected as the observation group ,meanwhile 64 healthy persons with the same age were selected as the control group .Then the noninvasive cerebral hemodynamics and serum nerve function indexes were compared between the two groups ,furthermore the detection results in the observation group were compared among the patients with different severity de‐grees and intracranial pressures .Results The middle cerebral artery blood flow indexes of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group ,the serum nerve function indexes were also higher than those of the control group ,and the middle cerebral artery blood flow indexes and serum nerve function indexes of the observation group had obvious differences among the pa‐tients with different severity degrees and intracranial pressures too (P< 0 .05) ,showing statistical significance .Conclusion The noninvasive cerebral hemodynamics and serum nerve function indexes have highe detection value in the patients with craniocerebral injury ,and have active clinical role for the understand of disease severity degree and intracranial pressure situation .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of texture analysis derived from conventional MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods Thirty-six patients with malignant breast lesion and 33 patients with benign breast lesion were retrospectively analyzed in our study. All patients underwent conventional MR imaging including axial T1WI, T2WI, and contrast-enhanced T1WI before surgery. Texture features were calculated from manually drawn ROIs by using MaZda software. The feature selection methods included mutual information (MI), Fishers coefficient, classification error probability combined with average correlation coefficients (POE + ACC) and the combination of the above three methods(FPM). These methods were used to identify the most significant texture features in discriminating benign breast lesion from malignant breast lesion. The statistical methods including raw data analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used to distinguish malignant breast lesion from benign breast lesion. The results were shown by misclassification rate. Results In the three kinds of sequences, the texture features for differentiating malignant breast lesion and benign breast lesion were mainly from T2WI which had the lowest misclassification rate 4.35%(3/69). The misclassification rates of the feature selection methods were similar in MI, Fisher coefficient and POE+ACC (15.94%to 56.52%for MI;17.39%to 56.52%for Fisher coefficient and 17.39%to 56.52%for POE+ACC). However, the misclassification rate of the combination of the three methods (4.35%to 53.62%for FPM) was lower than that of any other kind of method. In the statistical methods, NDA (4.35% to 27.54%) had lower misclassification rate than RDA (33.33% to 56.52%), PCA (33.33% to 53.62%) and LDA (15.94% to 44.93%). Conclusion Texture analysis of conventional MR imaging can provide reliably objective basis for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.

AIM: To observe the changes of the number of NKT cells in spleens and livers of induced model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and to study the role NKT cells play in the immunoregulation of EAE. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG<,35-55> peptide and received clinical evaluation daily. The mice were sacrificed at the fastigium and the splenic and hepatic lymphocytes were isolated. The changes of NKT cells in normal and EAE C57BL/6 mice were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percent of NKT cells in lymphocytes of different organs of EAE model were greater decreased than in that of normal mice. The percent of NKT cells in splenic lymphocytes of normal mice was 2.22± 0.14, while that in EAE mice was 1.94±0.07 (P < 0.05). The percent of NKI cells in hepatic lymphocytes of normal mice was 5.52±2.17, while that in EAE mice was 2.67± 1.41 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The proliferation of splenic and hepatic NKT cells in C57BL/6 mice are inhibited in EAE model, which may indicate that the immune function conducted by NKT cell is down regulated in EAE mice.

METRNL is a recently identified secreted protein with emerging functions. This study is to find major cellular source of circulating METRNL and to determine METRNL novel function. Here, we show METRNL is abundant in human and mouse vascular endothelium and released by endothelial cells using endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus pathway. By creating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout mice, combined with bone marrow transplantation to produce bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl, we demonstrate that most of circulating METRNL (approximately 75%) originates from the endothelial cells. Both endothelial and circulating METRNL decrease in atherosclerosis mice and patients. By generating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, combined with bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, we further demonstrate that endothelial METRNL deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis. Mechanically, endothelial METRNL deficiency causes vascular endothelial dysfunction including vasodilation impairment via reducing eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and inflammation activation via enhancing NFκB pathway, which promotes the susceptibility of atherosclerosis. Exogenous METRNL rescues METRNL deficiency induced endothelial dysfunction. These findings reveal that METRNL is a new endothelial substance not only determining the circulating METRNL level but also regulating endothelial function for vascular health and disease. METRNL is a therapeutic target against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.