OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and developing trend of drugs used in hospitals of Guangdong Province .METHODS: The data of drugs purchased by 40 hospitals in Guangdong in the years 1999- 2001 was collected and analysed.RESULTS: The drug expenses increased year by year in years 1999- 2001.CONCLUSION: The sum of money of drugs consumed will increase year by year,however,the growth rate may decrease.The proportion of consumption of imported drugs will continuously decrease.

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the cost-effectiveness of4therapeutic regi mens in the treatment of candidal vaginitis.METHODS:182out-patients with candidal vaginitis in the hospital where the authors worked were randomly di?vided into4groups:baofukang suppository group(A),miconazole suppository+miconazole cream group(B),povidone Iodine ointment group(C),and luohuazizhu suppository group(D),medical economy was applied to analyze the cost-effectiveness.RESULTS:The costs in4groups were56.2yuan,69.4yuan,75.3yuan,and53.9yuan respectively;The effective rates were93.3%,91.3%,91.3,and80.0%respectively;The ratios of cost to effectiveness were0.60,0.76,0.82,and0.67re?spectively;Compared with D,the added cost-effectiveness ratio of A,B,C are0.17,1.37and1.89respectively.CONCLU?SION:Baofukang suppository is a preferable drug to treat candidal vaginitis.

ObjectiveTo reveal status in quo of rehabilitation research according to rehabilitation periodical literature.MethodsMEDLINE and CBM are the retrieval databases during 1995—2002. ICD-10 is the main classification tool of central nervous diseases.ResultsThe percentage of rehabilitation literature is 1.32% on MEDLINE, 1.53% on CBM during 1995—2002. The ratio of rehabilitation literature is 1.67 between MEDLINE and CBM. The common study fields include stroke, paraplegia, hypertension, cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, and cerebral infarction, etc.The foreign study takes advantage in multiple sclerosis, and tetraplegia, etc. The fewer fields are neuromyelitis optica, arachnoiditis, and Huntington's disease, etc.ConclusionsThe study of central nervous disease rehabilitation is generally similar on some common CNS diseases, some foreign studies taking advantage.

Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common autoimmune vasculitis syndrome in children, which supposed be a complex polygenic disorder. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a member of the pro-inflammatory cytokine family, which has a strong pro-inflammatory effect and can participate in various acute and chronic inflammatory responses. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus rs3819025 in the IL-17A gene and the susceptibility to KD. Methods: A total of 120 patients with KD who met the diagnostic criteria (the KD group) and 120 healthy children (the control group) were enrolled retrospectively in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA direct sequencing were used to detect the SNPs of children in the 2 groups. Results: The frequencies of GG, GA, and AA genotypes of rs3819025 locus in the IL-17A gene in the KD group were 82.5％, 17.5％, and 0, respectively, and the frequencies of GG, GA, and AA genotypes in the control group were 72.5％, 22.5％, and 5.0％, respectively. There were significant differences in both genotype (χ2=7.524, P=0.023). The allele frequencies G and A of rs3819025 locus in the KD group were 91.25％ and 8.75％, respectively, while those in the control group were 83.75％ and 16.25％, respectively. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=6.171, P=0.013). The distribution frequencies of GG or GA genotype and G or A allele were 88.46％ or 11.54％ and 94.23％ or 5.77％ in the KD group with coronary artery lesion, respectively. The distribution frequencies of GG or GA genotype and G or A allele were 78.72％ or 21.28％ and 89.36％ or 10.64％ in the KD group without coronary artery lesion, respectively. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs3819025 between the KD with coronary artery lesion group and the KD group without coronary artery lesion (both P> 0.05). Besides, children with the allele A had a 2.023 times higher risk of KD than those without the allele A (χ2=6.171, P=0.013; OR=2.023, 95％ CI 1.151 to 3.557). Conclusions: The locus rs3819025 in the IL-17A gene is associated with the pathogenesis of KD. The allele A of the locus rs3819025 in the IL-17A gene may be a risk factor for KD.

With the development of information technology and the increasing demand for vaccination services among the people, it is a definite trend to enhance the quality of vaccination services through digitization. This article starts with a clear concept of digital services for vaccination, introduces the current development status in China and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing models in leading regions, takes a glean from the summation, and proposes targeted solutions. This study suggests establishing a departmental coordination mechanism for data interconnection and sharing, formulating data standards and functional specifications, enhancing the functionalities of the immunization planning information system, strengthening data collection and analytical usage, and intensifying appointment management and science and health education to provide expert guidance for the construction of digital vaccination services across the country in the future.

With the development of information technology and the increasing demand for vaccination services among the people, it is a definite trend to enhance the quality of vaccination services through digitization. This article starts with a clear concept of digital services for vaccination, introduces the current development status in China and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing models in leading regions, takes a glean from the summation, and proposes targeted solutions. This study suggests establishing a departmental coordination mechanism for data interconnection and sharing, formulating data standards and functional specifications, enhancing the functionalities of the immunization planning information system, strengthening data collection and analytical usage, and intensifying appointment management and science and health education to provide expert guidance for the construction of digital vaccination services across the country in the future.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of children with parent-reported food allergy (FA), thus providing empirical evidence for facilitating the effective utilization of medical history information and promoting better health education for parents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting all 596 children under 3 years of age who underwent physical examinations from July to August 2019 at the Department of Child Health Care, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Children were carried out with questionnaires, skin prick test, and diagnosed with FA through oral food challenge (OFC) by pediatricians. The parent-reported incidence rate, symptoms of FA, and the possible influencing factors, including demographic characteristics, family history of allergy, in-utero exposure to smoke and antibiotic use, feeding methods after birth, and residential environment were collected by questionnaire. The differences of clinical characteristics between parent-reported FA and medically diagnosed FA were analyzed by chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with parent-reported FA.Results:A total of 596 children (316 boys and 280 girls) were recruited for this study. The incidence rate of FA by parent-report (22.0%, 131/596) was higher than that by medical diagnosis (9.9%, 59/596) (χ2=32.46, P<0.001). There were 36.6% (48/131) of children with parent-reported FA and 2.4% (11/465) of children without parent-reported FA receiving medical diagnosis of FA. Among children with parent-reported allergic symptoms, 37.5% (24/64) of those with gastrointestinal symptoms and 31.5% (23/73) of those with skin symptoms received medical diagnosis of FA, respectively. Six out of 7 children with co-presenting cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms were diagnosed with FA. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergy ( OR=1.83 (95% CI 1.22-2.73), P=0.003) and damp living environments ( OR=2.33 (95% CI 1.13-4.79), P=0.022) were associated with higher likelihood of parent-reported FA. Conclusions:The incidence rate of parent-reported FA is higher than medically diagnosed FA. Clinicians should be highly suspicious of the possibility of FA in children with both cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms. Family history of allergy and damp living environments may increase the possibility of parent-reported FA.

ObjectiveTo present the exploration and application of a prospective follow-up research method for acute infectious disease surveillance based on natural community populations， using COVID-19 infection as an example， and to provide a reference for improving the infectious disease surveillance and early warning system. MethodsA multi-stage probability proportional sampling method was employed to sample residents from all communities of 16 administrative districts in Shanghai， with households as the units. A cohort for acute infectious diseases based on natural community populations was established. The baseline survey was conducted for all cohort subjects， and COVID-19 antigen test kits were distributed. From December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， prospective follow-up monitoring of COVID-19 antigen and nucleic acid was carried out on the study subjects on a weekly basis. The baseline characteristics and follow-up information of the cohort subjects were described. ResultsThe cohort for acute infectious diseases included a total of 12 881 subjects， comprising 6 098 males （47.3%） and 6 783 females （52.7%）. The baseline survey revealed that 35.2% （4 540/12 881） of the subjects had a history of COVID-19 infection. During the follow-up period from December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， the average incidence density in the cohort was 0.61/person-year， with a higher incidence density in females （0.63/person-year） compared to males （0.59/person-year）. Individuals aged 60 and above （0.64/person-year） and those with underlying health conditions （0.67/person-year） had a higher incidence density. Healthcare workers showed a notably higher incidence density （0.84/person-year） than that in other occupational groups. As of September 30， 2023， a total of 340 subjects in the cohort experienced secondary infections， with a median interval of 170 days between the first and second infections. ConclusionThis study applies cohort study method to acute infectious disease surveillance， providing crucial data support for estimating infection rates and forecasting alerts for acute infectious diseases in the community. This method can be promoted and applied as a new approach for acute infectious disease surveillance.