The total energy expenditures and intakes, as well as the changes of BMR, body weight, skinfold thickness and arm circumference were measured in 262 lactating women (6 months postpartum), 53 similarly sized nonlactating nonpregnant women living in the same district serve as control for comparison in Guangdong province. The energy expenditures were determined by indirect method. The results appeared that both body weight(ave-rage loss 4.2 kg) and skinfold thickness gradually reduced significantly in the first 4 months, but did not change from 4th to 6th months after delivery. Arm circumference had no change during 6 months postpartum. The BMR at the 1st week was higher (P0.05). The energy expenditure for household chores and activties in lactating group was a kind of "light activity" totally 8.36010.90 MJ/d. The energy expenditure for milk secretion was estimated to be 2.807 MJ/d. The energy intakes of the lactating group was 2.259 MJ/d more than the nonlactating group. It is recommended that the .calorie intake should be added about 1.883 MJ/d in the 1st 4 months and 2.720 MJ/d after 4 months, or average 2.092 MJ/d during 1st 6 months of lactation for lactating mothers.

Objective: The energy intake and energy expenditure were measured in order to observe the variation of energy metabolism in simple obese children and provide evidences for further research of etiology, prevention and control of obesity in children. Methods: Basic metabolic rate(BMR), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure of standardized cycling were measured by using open-circuit indirect calorimetry in 54 obese children and 60 nonobese children in a full-time boarding school in Guangzhou suburb. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by time record of activities and factorial approach. Dietary intake was surveyed by weighing method. Results: When expressed as kJ/h, BMR,RMR, energy expenditure of standardized cycling were significantly higher(P

Objective To study the anti-aging effect of caloric restriction in aged rats. Method Thirty-four male aged SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups were given 80% and 60% diet of the control respectively. After 6 months we measured serum SOD,MDA,IL-2,the activity of NO,MAO in brain tissue and apoptosis index of hepatocytes. Results The activities of NO in brain tissue,SOD and IL-2 in serum in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group. Serum MDA,MAO of brain tissue and apoptosis index of hepatocytes in experimental groups were lower than those in control. Conclusion Caloric restriction shows anti-aging biological effects in aged rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional guidance on the energy intake and body weight of patients with gastric cancer chemotherapy. Methods The experimental study was used to study the 144 cases with gastric cancer for the first time of chemotherapy. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, 72 cases in each group. Routine healthy guidance was used in the control group, while the patients in the experimental group were treated by the nutrition prescription, the nutrition guidance, the purpose and the significance of the chemotherapy, and the follow-up of the patients after discharge. The body weight of patients was collected before chemotherapy, and the dietary questionnaire was used for second days after first days of dietary intake, and the changes of energy consumption and body weight were compared between the two groups. Results The mean values of energy intake within 24 hours in the first 3 days after the chemotherapy in the experimental group was 5 068.92 kJ, which was 51%of the RNI. The mean values of energy intake within 24 hours in the first 3 days after the chemotherapy in the control group was 3 439.25 kJ, which was 38%of the RNI. The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.01). The weight of patients in the experimental group at the time point of before the 5th and 6th time of chemotherapy were significant higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Energy intake had influenced the patients′weight, high energy intake with low decrease of body weight. Conclusions Nutritional guidance can effectively improve the energy intake of patients with gastric cancer when chemotherapy, so that the weight remained stable during chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the features of resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally 45 T2DM patients with stable blood glucose were enrolled. The general conditions, biochemical indicators, measurements of REE ( MREE), and basal energy expenditure (BEE) calculated with Harris-Benedict formula (HBEE) and Owen formula (OBEE) were recorded and compared. Results MREE had no significant difference with HBEE or OBEE in T2DM patients with stable blood glucose (P ＞ 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that REE was significantly correlated with gender, age, body weight, body height, body surface area, and fat-free mass ( all P ＜ 0.05 ), but was not correlated with body mass index, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, haemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and haemoglobin (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Multiple regression analysis showed that fat free mass and age had the closest correlation with REE. Conclusions REE does not increase in T2DM patients with well controlled blood glucose. Factors that influence their REE are similar with healthy individuals. Determi nation of REE can provide useful information for the nutrition treatment of T2DM.