Objective To research the mechanism of impairment that cholestatic jaundice is treated as- sistly by MMDB. Methods Obstructive jaundice models with SD rats, which were divided into three time points randomly, namely 7,14,21 days,were established. In each time point, there were three groups(each six rats) : sham operation(SO + NS) ; BDL + MMDB; (BDL + NS). The rats were sacrificed at different time point, in order that liver tissue and inferior vena cava blood were taken out. The concentration of serum glutamate transaminase(AST), albumin(ALB), and total bilirubin (TB) were measured with biochemistry; the expression of TLR4mRNA was measured by reverse transcription PCR. Results On the 7th day after BDL, serum TB,AST level in BDL + MMDB and BDL + NS group were upgrade compared with SO group, in which BDL + NS group were more obviously upgrade than BDL + MMDB group(P<0.01). There was differ- ent to compare between BDL + MMDB group and SO group(P <0.01). On the 14th, 21st day after BDL, serum TB, AST coNTents were to last upgrade in BDL + MMDB and BDL + NS group. It was opposite to the SO group(P <0. 01). Conclusion The level of TLR4 could be weaken by MMDB. It may relieve the im- pairment of liver in cholestatic jaundice by LPS.

BACKGROUND: Causes of Parkinson disease have not been mentioned clearly up to now yet. Theory of hereditary susceptibility is the main theory to explain Parkinson disease now. But there is no definite conclusion on which hereditary factors have relationship with it.OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between gene polymorphism caused by point mutation C to T on cDNA609 basic group of reduced NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase(NQO1) gene and hereditary susceptibility of Parkinson disease.DESIGN: A non-randomized synchronized control research based on patient and healthy people.SETTING: Neurology departments in two university hospitals and a senile disease research institute in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 126 patients(Parkinson disease group) diagnosed as Parkinson disease in Neurology Clinic of First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University from September 1994 to September 1997, aged 46 to 73 years, in which 74 were males and 52 were females. Totally 136 healthy adults (control group), in which 66 were males and 70 were females, who came to the clinic to do health examination at the same time, aged 40 to 72 years.METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze NQO1 gene polymorphism in Parkinson disease group and healthy adult control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mutation frequency and genotype of point mutation of basic group C to T on NQO1 gene cDNA609.RESULTS: T allele frequency in Parkinson disease group was 52% and that in control group was 43%. There was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0. 005) . There was significant difference on distribution of genotype in Parkinson disease group and control group( P ＜ 0.05). The risk incidence increased 3.8 times in individual with T allele.CONCLUSION: NQO1 gene cDNA609 mutation T allele may be a risk factor to Parkinson disease, which could be associated with the hereditary susceptibility of Parkinson disease.

AIM: To observe the effects of overload exercise on skeletal muscles in X-linked muscular dystrophy(mdx) mice.METHODS: Mdx mice and C57 mice were carried out swimming and hanging tail movement tests (mdx mice as control did not exercise). It lasted for 13 minutes each time per day, and lasted 3 days. Evans blue was injected into tail vain. The mice were killed the next day, and the hind limbs were taken photographs after skins were flayed. The gastrocnemius muscles and diaphragms cryostat sections were made. Under a fluorescence microscope, Evans blue staining was seen. Then the sections were tested by routine HE staining, the histological change of muscles was analyzed under a light microscope.RESULTS: Many blue colored longitudinal lines were observed in skeletal muscles of mdx mice, whereas they were hardly seen in control mdx and C57 mice. Under a fluorescence microscope, some muscle fibers of mdx mice were stained with Evans blue, few muscle fibers of control mdx mice were stained, and C57 mice were not. Under a light microscope, HE staining of muscles showed some degenerated muscle fibers became round in shape and the myonuclei became condensed, or necrotic fibers had amorphous structures, most of them in the degenerated and necrotic fibers of diaphragms C57 mice did not have these changes.CONCLUSION: Overload exercise did harm to skeletal muscles of mdx mice; Vital staining with Evans blue is useful not only for distinguishing degenerating muscle fibers, but also for studying the degeneration process in dystrophin-deficient muscle.

【Objective】To study the relationship between mutations on exon 1,2 of parkin gene and sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.【Methods】The deletion and single strand mobility shift on exon 1 and 2 of parkin gene in peripheral white blood cell DNA were detected by using PCR,agarose electrophoresis,and SSCP techniques in 52 patients with sporadic early-onset (onset age≤50) Parkinson's disease.The exons with mobility shift on SSCP were sequenced.【Results】One deletion（1.9%） of exon 2,2 cases with single strand mobility shift（3.8%）on exon 1 and exon 2 respectively,one heterozygous mutation (T103C) on exon 1 and one homozygous mutation (G237C) on exon 2 were found by sequencing.【Conclusion】Mutations on exon 1 and 2 of parkin gene are likely to be related to sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Objective　To identify the species of Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MABC) in patients with pulmonary infection from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, and to investigate the species types, drug sensitivity and population distribution of MABC in pulmonary infection in Hainan. Methods　Respiratory tract specimens were collected from suspected tuberculosis patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 2014 to December 2021 and cultured for Mycobacterium isolation. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains were preliminarily identified by p-nitrobenzoic acid/thiophen-2-carbohydrazide (PNB/TCH) medium and DNA microarray chip, and then MABC and its subspecies were identified by hsp65 and rpoB gene sequencing. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by broth microdilution method. Results　A total of 3 025 respiratory specimens from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected during the study period. Among the 123 patients with identified MABC isolates, 124 MABC strains were isolated and identified, including 74 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus, 38 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense and 12 strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. bolletii. Among them, 118 patients had single MABC subspecies infection, one patient had mixed infection with two MABC subspecies, two patients had mixed infection with MABC and other NTM, and two cases had mixed infection with MABC and M.tuberculosis. There were more female patients than male patients with a ratio of 1:0.64, and those aged 50 and above amounted to 76.42% (94/123, 95%CI: 67.93%-83.61%). There was no significant difference in age distribution between male and female patients (Z=-0.944, P=0.347). The drug susceptibility results showed that all MABC strains were sensitive to Tigecycline (TGC), with a resistance rate of 0.81% (1/124) to Amikacin (AK), and resistance rates of 6.45% (8/124), 32.26% (40/124), and 74.19% (92/124) to Cefoxitin (FOX), Linezolid (LZD), and Imipenem (IPM), respectively. For Clarithromycin (CLR), MABC showed induced resistance , and there was a statistically significant difference in the CLR (14D) resistance rates among the three subspecies (χ2=66.335, P<0.001). The resistance rates to Tobramycin (TOB), Doxycycline (DOX), Moxifloxacin (MFX), Ciprofoxacin (CIP), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AMC) were high, all >80%. Conclusion　 In Hainan Province, pulmonary infections with MABC are mainly caused by Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus, which show high rates of inducible resistance to CLR. Timely and accurate identification of MABC to subspecies and drug susceptibility testing are of significant important for clinical decision-making.

AIM: To observe skeletal muscle damage of mdx mice after overload exercise, and protection to muscle damage induced by exercise due to myoblast transplantation (MTT). METHODS: Muscle samples of C 57 mice were minced and digested with trypsin, and myoblasts were cultured ex vivo , purified and detected by immunohistochemistry stains. The myoblasts were injected into muscle of left limb of mdx mice, whereas the right limb was injected with DMEM liquid as control. Mice were submitted to exercise for 3 days starting 1 month after MTT, and then Evans blue was injected intravenously through the tail vein. The muscle cryostat sections of mdx mice were made, and then detected the immunofluorescence of dystrophin. Under a fluorescence microscope, the number of fiber stained with Evans blue and dystrophin was counted, analyzed quantitatively with image software. RESULTS: Under a fluorescence microscope, only 10 37%?2 87% muscle fibers in the myoblast grafted muscles were stained with Evans blue. In contrast, 26 82%?14 85% muscle fibers in right control muscles were stained. Significant differences between these two groups were showed ( P

Objective:The present study aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy and adverse effects of induction chrono-che-motherapy including docetaxe1 (TXT), cisplatin (DDP), and 5 fluorouraci1 (5-FU) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy in lo-co-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:Newly diagnosed locally advanced (Ⅲ~Ⅳb) NPC patients were enrolled in this study. All patients received three cycles of TPF regimen. The TPF chemotherapy regimen was administered as follows:TXT, 75 mg/m2, i.v. infusion, d1; DDP, 75 mg/m2, bolus infusion from 10:00 to 22:00, d1-5; and 5-FU 750 mg/m2/d bolus infusion from 22:00 to 10:00, d1-5, with 21 days each cycle, followed by concomitant IMRT and chemotherapy (paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 i.v. infu-sion, with 21 days each cycle and a total of 2 courses). Acute and late toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Cri-teria for Adverse Events v3.0 scoring criteria. Tumor response was evaluated using 2000 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Results:The CR and PR rates of induction chemotherapy were 23.8%and 68.6%, respectively;whereas the CR and PR rates of the combined modality treatment were 64.8%and 31.4%, respectively. Two-year overall survival rate was 91.4%, two-year progres-sion free survival rate was 87.0%, and two-year distant metastasis-free survival rate was 88.4%. The main side effects from induction chemotherapy include an over grade 3 granulocytopenia of 28.6%. Major toxicity from concurrent chemo-radiotherapy was oral mucosi-tis (81.0%);grade 3 to 4 oral mucositis was 16%. No treatment-related deaths occurred in this study. Conclusion:Induction chrono-che-motherapy using TPF followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy of paclitaxel is a well-tolerated treatment with short-term efficacy and severity for locally advanced NPC. Further follow-up is required to assess the late effects and long-term efficacy.

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) .Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was applied to detected the expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of 60 patients in UC group and 20 healthy adults in the control group ,and analyzed the relationship of the expres‐sions between Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 .It was regarded as positive cell when obvious dark brown granules appeared in cytoplasm or cyteblast .Semi‐quantitative analysis was used basing on the staining intensity and the amount of the staining intensity and positive cells .Results Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 proteins expressed in cytoplasm .Galectin‐3 showed strong expression in normal colorectal epi‐thelium but weak in UC inflammatory tissues ,and it was associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expressions of Bcl‐2 were weak in normal colorectal epithelium ,and it enhanced significantly in UC inflammatory tissues ,especially in inflamma‐tory cells of laminae propria ,and it was not associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 was not associated with the age ,sex of patients and the course of UC .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the posi‐tive expressions of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 had no relevance .Conclusion Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 involved in the pathogenesis of UC . They may be able to used as markers of early diagnosis and prognosis in UC and may play the role in the pathogenesis of UC inde‐pendently .

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of dispersible formulation of levodopa-benserazide on the parkinson disease.　METHODS: The multicenter, open-label, self-controlled trial was conducted at 23 hospitals in 15 cities. Two hundred and four patients with idiopathic parkinson who had received standard levodopa-benserazide previously participated in this study. Dispersible levodopa-benserazide instead of standard levodopa-benserazide for 8 wk as a course. The Webster rating scale and patient diary were applied to assess the efficacy and safety of dispersible levodopa-benserazide.　RESULTS： The medication with dispersible levodopa-benserazide increased “on” time by 47 min, decreased “off” time by 11 min, and speeded the onset of “on” time by 37 min. The Webster score was improved by 25 %. Statistical significant difference was calculated (P<0.01). Slight and few adverse reactions were found.　CONCLUSION: Dispersible formulation of levodopa-benserazide is a powerful anti-parkinsonian drug characterized by oral easy use and rapid reach to therapeutic action after ingestion. This drug is particularly used in the parkinsonian patients with morning akinesia, delayed onset of “on” time, afternoon “off” status and dysphagia.

OBJECTIVETo detect the relationship between point mutations on exon 2 of parkin gene and sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.

METHODSThe point mutations on exon 2 of parkin gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), agarose electrophoresis, single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP), DNA sequencing and analysis of restrict enzyme in DNA of 60 Parkinson's disease patients with an onset age under 50 and 120 normal controls.

RESULTSOne homozygous mutation (G(237)-->C) on exon 2 was found by sequencing and verified by analysis of restrict enzyme, whereas no mutation was found in normal controls.

CONCLUSIONPoint mutations on exon 2 of parkin gene are likely to be related to sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Ligases ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases