Objective In order to investigate the comlex course of electricity and mechanism of erosive gastritis(EG) and its relative factors,and to extract gastric motility feature indexes.Methods 30 volunteers of erosive gastritis were selected.The signal processing device was designed by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications.By the means of spectrum analysis technic,the signals could be classified according to the dominant power and dominant frequency.Some indexes such as frequency of EGG and IGM,signal power spectrum and dynamic spectrum,the rates of rhythm and power for the normal EGG and IGM and so on could also be calculated.Results The power ratio in 2~4 cpm was 59.2?4.4,the frequency ratio was 70.4?25.5,the frequency instability coefficient was 0.182?0.059,and the power instability coefficient was 1.576?0.481.The parameters changed signifcantly between health adult and patient(P0.05).Conclusion The results of the experiments show that the method based on the synchronous measurement of EGG and IGM can provide a non-invasive way to investigate and evaluate erosive gastritis corresponding to gastrointestinal physiology and pathology conditions.

With the popularization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technology, the success rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is gradually improved, and the survival rate and neurological outcome of patients with cardiac arrest are improved. Currently, therapeutic methods for cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest are limited. In addition to mild hypothermia for clinical application, the majority of drugs remain in the animal experimental stage. Finding effective brain protection drugs has become a hot spot in the field of brain resuscitation research. This article will review the pharmaceutical progress of research for cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest, so that we can study the brain protection mechanism of these drugs better and more targeted.
Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects* ; Heart Arrest/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Research/trends* ; Resuscitation/methods*

Objective To design a wireless transmission solution of multi-parameter vital signs signal which can be applied in psychological status assessment.Methods C8051F350 SOC was used to define data frame structure,on application level,including channel number,control words,data and so on,which put all nodes data into the upper computer cache area by channel in an orderly way.A transfer rate of five seconds on a grid,each grid at least 48 groups of data was chosen in buffer,which could not only match the dynamic PC image display,but also to achieve the stability of the channel signal acquisition and orderly transfer.Results After operating test,with the communication distance within 10～15 m,the dynamical display of the upper computer showed a smooth curve data,which met the system design requirement.After optimization of the data frame,the transmission power could be reduced to 1/12 of that of normal mode.The whole system with three advantages of small size,low power and easy to carry.Conclusion Multi-parameter wireless acquisition system described in this paper eliminates the data line connected to the subjects,which does not affect their normal activities and is conducive to the real response of subjects' mental state,and provides a reliable means of detection for psychological assessment.

Objective To investigate the safety of intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) for stage Ⅰ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by a cohort study.Methods From November 2010 to May 2012,16 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with stage Ⅰ HCC underwent IOERT after radical resection.With a cohort study,87 patients with stage Ⅰ HCC who underwent radical resection alone during the same period were qualified,and according to tumor size (＞ 5 cm and ≤ 5 cm) and resection margin (close margin and negative margin),32 of 87 patients made up the control group.The intraoperative and postoperative adverse events,liver function parameters,coagulogram,and routine blood parameters,as well as IOERT-related adverse reactions,were evaluated.Independent-samples t test was used for analyzing the differences between groups.Results Compared with the control group,the IOERT group had a significantly longer operative time ((275.4 ± 71.55) min vs.(184.7 ± 64.74) min,P =0.000),a slightly higher incidence of intraoperative adverse events (18.75％ vs.6.25％,P=1.000),a slightly lower incidence of operative complications (12.50％ vs.28.12％,P =0.460),and a lower perioperative mortality (0 vs.6％,P =0.440).Liver function parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative time to grade 1 or normal liver function parameters,median length of postoperative hospital stay,length of hospital stay in the surgical department,time to incision healing,and level of incision healing (P ＞ 0.05).During follow-up,no radiation hepatitis was found in the IOERT group.Conclusions As an adjuvant therapy after radical resection for early HCC,IOERT has no significant side effects on postoperative recovery and liver function,and an intraoperative dose of 15-16 Gy is safe.

OBJECTIVETo develop the methodology of gene chip to analyse genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

METHODSIn comparing reversed transcriptional PCR with gene chip, the gene chip was used to detect genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

RESULTSAfter arrayed the slide was incubated in water for 2 hours, exposed to a 650 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet irradiation in the strata-linker for 30 s, roasted under 80 degrees C for 2 hours in oven, pre-hybridized for 45 minutes and dealt with other procedures. Finally, the slide was hybridized with fluor-derivatized sample at 42 degrees C for 16 hours.

CONCLUSIONWith the reasonable probe design and applicable protocol, the gene chip was prepared effectively for research on genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

Objective To compare the differences in cardiac functions and myocardial injury between asphyxia and trans-oesophageal pacing induced rat cardiac arrest models.Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group,asphyxia group and electrical stimulation group by random number table.The rats in the latter two groups were randomly divided into two subgroups (24 hours and 72 hours)according to the sampling time after successful resuscitation,with 6 rats in each group.All rats were mechanically ventilated for 20 minutes,in electrical stimulation group,cardiac arrest was induced by trans-oesophageal cardiac pacing for about 3 minutes (intensity 30 V,frequency 50 Hz,pulse duration 2 ms),and in asphyxia group,cardiac arrest was induced by clipping trachea for about 3 minutes.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated 4 minutes after cardiac arrest.Echocardiographic examination was performed at 2 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with cardiac color ultrasound apparatus.Cardiac tissues were harvested at 24 hours and 72 hours after ROSC,hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed,and myocardial damage was observed under light microscope.The levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There was no significant difference in ROSC rate between the asphyxia group and electrical stimulation group [94.4％ (17/18) vs.88.9％ (16/18),P ＞ 0.05].The heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) at 2 hours after ROSC in asphyxia group and electrical stimulation group were significantly lower than those in sham group [HR (bpm):401.50± 19.76,370.67± 18.63 vs.430.17± 18.38,MAP (mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa):107.17± 12.92,92.50±9.35 vs.125.67±5.72,LVEF:0.60±0.02,0.54±0.03 vs.0.63±0.01,LVFS:(48.40±2.52)％,(40.33±3.32)％ vs.(55.47 ± 2.38)％,all P ＜ 0.05],and the decrease in electrical stimulation group was more significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with sham group,the levels of cTnI and BNP in serum of electrical stimulation group were significantly increased at 24 hours after ROSC [cTnI (ng/L):51.57±13.04 vs.38.23±5.57,BNP (ng/L):1 919.61±823.22 vs.977.47 ±445.18,both P ＜ 0.05],but there was no significant difference in cTnI or BNP of serum between asphyxia group and sham group [cTnI (ng/L):46.84 ± 11.04 vs.38.23 ± 5.57,BNP (ng/L):1 144.13±390.05 vs.977.47 ± 445.18,both P ＞ 0.05].There was no significant difference in cTnI or BNP of serum at 72 hours after ROSC among all the groups.The results of HE stain showed that the pathological injury of myocardium in electrical stimulation group was more serious than that in asphyxia group,characterized by more severe myocardial edema and partial myocardial cell lysis.Conclusion The cardiac function after cardiac arrest-CPR was decreased in both asphyxia group and electrical stimulation group,but electrical stimulation had a heavier cardiac function injury than asphyxia.

Objective:To compare the severity of brain injury between asphyxia and electrical stimulation induced cardiac arrest in rats.Methods:Forty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into sham group ( n = 6), asphyxia group ( n = 18) and electrical stimulation group ( n = 18). Rats in each group were given invasive mechanical ventilation and femoral blood vessels catheterization for monitoring blood pressure and fluid infusion. In the asphyxia group, the tracheal tube was clamped to induce cardiac arrest, and in the electrical stimulation group, the esophageal electrical stimulation was used to induce cardiac arrest, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed 4 minutes after cardiac arrest. In the sham group, only tracheal intubation and femoral artery intubation were performed after anesthesia, but cardiac arrest was not induced. Animals were allowed to survive until 72 hours after resuscitation, and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. At 24 hours and 72 hours after resuscitation, the neurological deficit score (NDS) was measured. The vena cava blood was collected, and the brain injury associated serum biomarkers, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The brain tissues were then harvested to perform hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for observing pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 area with light microscopy. Results:Cardiac arrest was successfully induced in both the asphyxia group and the electrical stimulation group, 94.4% (17/18) and 88.9% (16/18) animals were resuscitated successfully in the two groups respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves analysis showed that 72-hour cumulative survival rate was similar in the asphyxia group and the electrical stimulation group (Log-Rank test: χ2 = 0.040, P = 0.841). Both asphyxia group and electrical stimulation group had higher NDS score than sham group at 24 hours after resuscitation (37.50±4.26, 32.17±4.02 vs. 8.33±2.33, both P < 0.01). NDS score showed a downwards trend at 72 hours after resuscitation in both model groups, and the decline was more significant in the electrical stimulation group, which was significantly different as compared with asphyxia group (14.00±2.89 vs. 26.33±4.84, P < 0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of serum NSE at 24 hours after resuscitation in the asphyxia and electrical stimulation groups were significantly higher than those in the sham group (μg/L: 1.02±0.07, 1.02±0.02 vs. 0.87±0.02, both P < 0.05). NSE kept increasing at 72 hours after resuscitation in the asphyxia group, which showed significant difference as compared with sham group (μg/L: 1.03±0.05 vs. 0.87±0.02, P < 0.01). But it had almost recovered to the normal level in the electrical stimulation group without significant difference as compared with sham group (μg/L: 0.96±0.04 vs. 0.87±0.02, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in S100B level at different time points after resuscitation among three groups. It was displayed under light microscope that there was no significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 area in the two model groups at 24 hours after resuscitation as compared with the sham group. At 72 hours, there were certain damages in the hippocampal CA1 area in both model groups, which were more obvious in the asphyxia group. Conclusions:Both cardiac arrest models induced by asphyxia and electrical stimulation show a certain degree of brain injuries after resuscitation. Brain injuries are more severe in asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest compared with trans-esophageal electrical stimulation method.

Objective:To study the crosstalk between the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) - X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-injured mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22.Methods:The OGD/R-injured HT22 cell model was used to observe the changes of the indicators of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), cell viability, and apoptosis at different OGD/R time points (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours). HT22 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomized into blank control group, control+ATF6 activator (AA147) group, control+IRE1 inhibitor (4μ8c) group, OGD/R model group, OGD/R+AA147 group and OGD/R+4μ8c group (10 μmol/L AA147 or 16 μmol/L 4μ8c was given during the whole process in the AA147 group and 4μ8c group). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERS-related proteins [glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated-inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1), and phosphorylated-eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2α)], and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3). The mRNA of ERS-related genes, and ATF6 [homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1 (Herpud1), protein disulfide isomerase associated 4 (Pdia4) and Sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like (Sel1L)] and spliced XBP1 [XBP1s, include DnaJ heat shock protein family member B9 (Erdj4), Sec24 related gene family, member D (Sec24d) and signal sequence receptor, gamma (Ssr3)] induced transcriptional response-related genes were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the viability of HT22 cells. Immunofluorescence was utilized to test the expression of cleaved caspase-3.Results:Compared with the blank control group, the expression of ERS-related proteins p-IRE1 and p-eIF2α were significantly increased at 12 hours and 3 hours following OGD/R, respectively (p-IRE1/β-actin: 2.09±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00, p-eIF2α/β-actin: 1.39±0.11 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of ERS-related genes [ATF6, XBP1s, unspliced XBP1 (XBP1u), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)] were also upregulated in different OGD/R timepoint in HT22 cells, which indicated ERS was activated in OGD/R-stimulated HT22 cells. Compared with the OGD/R model group, the expression of protein p-IRE1 was not changed, but the mRNA of XBP1s and XBP1u were obviously downregulated in the OGD/R+AA147 group [XBP1s (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.76 (0.71, 0.92) vs. 1.13 (1.03, 1.29), XBP1u (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.29±0.05 vs. 0.52±0.04, both P < 0.01], whereas the expressions of XBP1s-induced transcriptional response downstream genes did not change significantly. Compared with the OGD/R model group, the protein of short-form ATF6 (sATF6) and GRP78 were not changed after administration of 4μ8c, neither was the mRNA expression of ATF6-induced transcriptional response-related genes. These results showed that the mRNA expression of XBP1s and XBP1u were inhibited by AA147-induced activation of ATF6, but no crosstalk was observed between the transcriptional response induced by ATF6 and XBP1s. Compared with the blank control group, the cell viability decreased significantly at OGD/R 3 hours [(44.64±5.12) % vs. (99.13±5.76) %, P < 0.01], the ratios of apoptosis-related proteins Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 were significantly increased at OGD/R 3 hours and OGD 0 hour, respectively (Bax/Bcl-2: 6.15±1.65 vs. 1.00±0.00, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3: 17.48±2.75 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01), which indicated that apoptosis was activated in OGD/R-treated HT22 cells. Compared with the OGD/R model group, the cell viability decreased significantly [(36.52±17.78)% vs. (69.90±9.43)%, P < 0.01], and the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 were significantly upregulated in the OGD/R+AA147 group in HT22 cells (Bax/Bcl-2: 2.06±0.31 vs. 1.10±0.25, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3: 3.35±0.59 vs. 0.55±0.09, both P < 0.01). Conclusion:Under our experimental conditions, no obvious crosstalk between the transcriptional response induced by ATF6 and XBP1s was observed, while ATF6 activation induced by AA147 suppressed mRNA expression of XBP1s and XBP1u and promoted cell death in OGD/R-treated HT22 cells.

Objective:To investigate and compare the regulatory effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on gut microbiota of septic mice.Methods:Twenty-eight six-to-eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), sepsis model group (CLP group), sepsis+MSC treatment group (CLP+MSC group) and sepsis+MSC-CM treatment group (CLP+MSC-CM group), with seven mice in each group. The septic mouse model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In Sham group, CLP were not performed, and other operations were the same as CLP group. Mice in the CLP+MSC group and CLP+MSC-CM group received 0.2 mL 1×10 6 MSC or 0.2 mL concentrated MSC-CM via intraperitoneal injection 6 hours after CLP, respectively. Sham group and CLP group were given 0.2 mL sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) via intraperitoneal injection. Histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and colon length. Levels of inflammatory factors in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phenotype of peritoneal macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results:Compared with Sham group, significant inflammatory injury in lung and colon was observed, and shorter colon was detected in CLP group (cm: 6.00±0.26 vs. 7.11±0.09), the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum was significantly increased (ng/L: 432.70±17.68 vs. 353.70±17.01), the proportion of F4/80 + peritoneal macrophages was increased [(68.25±3.41)% vs. (50.84±4.98)%], while the ratio of F4/80 +CD206 + anti-inflammatory peritoneal macrophages was decreased [(45.25±6.75)% vs. (66.66±3.36)%]. The α diversity sobs index of gut microbiota was downregulated significantly (118.50±23.25 vs. 255.70±6.87), the structure of species composition was altered, and the relative abundance of functional gut microbiota related to transcription, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and signal transduction were decreased significantly in CLP group (all P < 0.05). Compared with CLP group, upon MSC or MSC-CM treatment, the pathological injury in lung and colon was alleviated to varying extent, the length of colon was increased (cm: 6.53±0.27, 6.87±0.18 vs. 6.00±0.26), the level of IL-1β in serum was downregulated (ng/L: 382.10±16.93, 343.20±23.61 vs. 432.70±17.68), the ratio of F4/80 + peritoneal macrophages was decreased [(47.65±3.93)%, (48.68±2.51)% vs. (68.25±3.41)%], the ratio of F4/80 +CD206 + anti-inflammatory peritoneal macrophages was increased [(52.73±5.02)%, (66.38±4.73)% vs. (45.25±6.75)%], and the α diversity sobs index of gut microbiota was increased (182.50±16.35, 214.00±31.18 vs. 118.50±23.25), and the effects of MSC-CM were more significant (all P < 0.05). At the same time, species composition of gut microbiota was rebuilt, and a tendency of increase in relative abundance of functional gut microbiota was observed upon MSC and MSC-CM treatment. Conclusion:Both MSC and MSC-CM could alleviate inflammatory injury in tissues, and showed regulatory effects on gut microbiota in septic mouse model, moreover, MSC-CM exhibited superior advantages over MSC.

Some unique subclasses of Camelidae antibodies are devoid of the light chain, and the antigen binding site is comprised exclusively of the variable domain of the heavy chain (VHH). The recombinant VHHs have a high potential as alternative reagents for the next generation of immunoassay. In particular, they might be very useful for molecular mimicry. The present study demonstrated an alpaca immunized with the F(ab')2 fragment of anti-aflatoxin B1 mAb and developed an important anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) responses. Antigen-specific elution method was used for panning private anti-Id VHHs from the constructed alpaca VHH library. The selected VHHs were expressed, renatured, purified, and then identified by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our findings indicated that the VHH would be an alternative tool for haptens mimicry studies.
Aflatoxin B1 ; immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Camelids, New World ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data