Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocellular carci-noma (HCC). Surgical resection is the main curative treatment for ICC. Patients with ICC exhibit poorer prognosis compared with those with HCC. A comprehensive individualized prognostic system must be developed based on specific factors of patients. Several distinct prognostic staging systems have been proposed for patients with ICC treated by surgery. These systems include six staging systems, two scoring systems, and three prognostic nomograms. However, all of these prognostic systems are based on data from patients un-dergoing surgery resection and have not been validated in patients receiving other therapies. In this review, we will discuss the prog-nostic accuracy and applicability of current available prognostic systems and provide directions for future investigations.

Hepatectomy is one of the curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the 5-year recurrence rate after resection is higher as 70%, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Furthermore, there is no consensus about the treatment strategy for recurrent HCC after hepatectomy. To our knowledge, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely applied, either with curative or palliative intention. And it is a feasible treatment for recurrent HCC because of majority of the recurrent HCCs with diameter less than 3 cm. The therapeutic efficacy after RFA is similar to re-resection with several advantages, such as minimal invasion, less complications and short hospitalization duration. This study discusses the feasibility of RFA which is used to treat recurrent small HCC, aiming at providing information for promoting the treatment efficacy of recurrent small HCC.

Objective: To investigate the drug resistance pattern and drug resistance genotypes of Salmonella. spp isolated from fecal specimens and anal swabs of diarrhea cases in Anhui Province. Methods: The 149 strains of Salmonella.spp isolated from feces and anal swabs of diarrhea cases in Anhui Province from April to October 2017 were selected. The serotypes of Salmonella.spp were identified by slide agglutination. The susceptibility of all strains to 14 antibiotics were determined by micro-broth dilution method. Sixty of the cephalosporin-resistant antibiotics were selected. The β-lactamase encoding genes bla_TEM, bla_SHV, bla_OXA-1, bla_OXA-2, bla_PER, bla_CMY, bla_CTX-M, and colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 were performed using the multi-PCR method. Results: Of the 149 diarrhea cases, the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) of the age was 5.0 (1.1, 38.5). The 92 of them were male and 54.4% were children. Of the 149 strains of Salmonella.spp, 105 strains had different degrees of resistance to 13 antibiotics other than imipenem. The resistance rate of ampicillin was 55.0% (82/149), which was the highest. 53.0% strains (79 strains) were multidrug resistant, main of which were Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. A total of 53 resistance patterns were detected, and 10 strains were resistant to ampicillin-ampicillin/sulbactam-tetracycline-chloramphenicol-cefazolin-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, which was the most common resistance pattern. Among the 60 cephalosporin resistant strains, 45 strains carried bla_TEM-1, 6 of which also carried bla_CTX-M-14 and 3 of which also carried bla_CTX-M-65. All the 32 strains carried only bla_TEM-1 show resistance to ampicillin and 31 of them show resistance to cefazolin. There were 2 strains showing negative results of gene detection. mcr-1 was detected in a multidrug resistant strain. Conclusion The resistance of Salmonella.spp to ampicillin shows a serious situation in this region, and there were a number of multidrug resistant strains. The bla_TEM-1 was the major drug resistance gene detected in this research. Detection of the mcr-1 suggests the emergence of surveillance to colistin resistance of Salmonella.spp in this area.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed at identifying salivary microbiota in caries-free Chinese preschool children using high-throughput sequencing. METHODS: Saliva samples were obtained from 35 caries-free preschool children (18 boys and 17 girls) with primary dentition, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the microorganisms were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq. RESULTS: At 97% similarity level, all of these reads were clustered into 334 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, five phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Candidate division TM7) and 13 genera ( CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the diversity and composition of salivary microbiota in caries-free preschool children, with little difference between male and female subjects. Identity of the core microbiome, coupled with prediction of gene function, deepens our understanding of oral microbiota in caries-free populations and provides basic information for associating salivary microecology and oral health.