Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with mitoxantrone/arabinosylcytosin versus daunorubicin/arabinosylcytosin.Methods We searched Pubmed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Chinese biomedicine literature database,Chinese Scientific Journals full-text database,and Chinese Journal full-text database for randomized controlled trials comparing MA regimen with DA regimen.We manually searched key Chinese magazines of related fields.The quality of included studies was evaluated and graded according to Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook.Results Nine randomized controlled trials totaling 608 patients were included.Meta-analysis results were as follows:There was significant difference between MA regimen and DA regimen in total complete remission rate [RR=1.24,95%CI(1.10,1.40)]and effective rate[RR =1.22,95%CI(1.09,1.36)] after the second course of treatment.There was significant difference between MA regimen and DA regimen in heart toxicity incidence [RR=0.54,95%CI(0.29,0.99)],infection incidence [RR=1.56,95%CI(1.29,1.94)],agranulocytosis time [RR=2.70,95%CI(2.09,3.31)].There was no significant difference in nausea and vomitting [RR=0.96,95%CI(0.87,1.07)].Conclusion Current clinical studies might confirm that MA regimen is superior to DA regimen in complete remission rate and effective rate in treating the patient with initial treatment acute myelogenous leukemia.Fewer patients receiving MA regimen experienced heart toxicity incidence compared with patients receiving DA regimen,but more experienced infection and agranulocytosis.They still need to be confirmed by large sample,high quality randomized controlled trials.