The concept of syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a nonlinear, open and complicated huge system. Syndrome differentiation in TCM belongs to cognitive and noetic science. To establish a new syndrome differentiation system based on the key elements of the syndrome is necessary for TCM practitioners to promote differentiation ability and reach consensus on differentiation method. With combination of experience and computation models, the Bayesian network was used in the study of the relationship between the key elements of syndrome and the symptoms, and the relationship among different key elements, in which the computing diagnosis result was identical to the result from an experienced TCM doctor. The study showed that Bayesian network is a good method to deal with the information of symptoms and signs for syndrome differentiation, but it is also not to reflect comprehensively the thinking ability of TCM doctors in doing syndrome differentiation.

Objective To clinically analyze the feature of paroxysmal hemicrania in order to improve our cognition toward it.Methods Eight patients,3 men,5 women,aging 17 to 74 years old,were prospectively analyzed over the past 2 years in our hospital.Results Their age of onset was from 9 to 60years old(mean 42.5±16.3).Seven of the 8 cases were treated with indomethacin,out of whom 5 got an immediate and complete response and one of them remitted partially.Another stopped taking indomethacin because of gastroenteric side effects.She was treated with verapamil and prednisone and partial relief was gained.Conclusions Paroxysmal hemicranial is a rare benign disorder.which needs our improved understanding.The patient who is diagnosed with paroxysmal hemicranial should firsfly receive indomethacin.and standard anti-cluster headache medications or other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs is used if she/he can not get relief and (or)tolerate the adverse effects.

After a description of the basic situation of medical literature retrieval course for foreign undergraduates studying in Sun Yat-sen University, the problems in their teaching contents and teaching methods were pointed out with measures proposed for improving the teaching of their medical literature retrieval course.

Objective To explore mechanism of action of rhubarb on intrahepatic cholestasis in infantile rats.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley(SD)infantile rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:treatment group of rhubarb,untreated group,treatment control group 1 of ursodeoxychlic acid(UDCA),treatment control group 2 of UDCA and deltasone,and control group not treated with ?-naphthyl isothiocyanate(ANIT)and any other treatments.Jaundice model of intrahepatic cholestasis was established in infantile rats by ANIT.At the time of the 2nd,3rd,and 4th week,the concentrations of serum total bilirubin(TB),direct bilirubin(DB),ALT,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bile acid(TBA)and TBA were assessed by automatic biochemical analyzer.The concentrations of nitrogen monoxide(NO),maleic dialdehyde(MDA)and the ability of total antioxidation(T-AOC)in liver tissues were measured.Results It was demonstrated that the animal model of hepatic jaundice with cholestasis was successfully established.The levels of serum DB,TB,ALP,ALT and TBA were significantly lower in the treatment group of rhubarb compared with those in the untreated group(Pa

Objective To assess the efficacy,safety,and tolerability of Topiramate(TPM) and Sodium Valproate(SV) as prophylactic therapy for migraine.Methods Prospectively,total of 146 patients with episodic migraine were randomly divided into two groups:TPM group(74 cases) and SV group(72 cases).TPM was titrated by 25 mg per week for 2～4 weeks and the highest dose was 100 mg/d.SV was given at 200 mg twice daily during initial titration of therapy and the highest dose was 600 mg/d.The therapies lasted for 13 weeks,meanwhile the migrain frequency,days and the severity of headache were recorded in headache diaries.The severity of headache was rated on a 0～10 rating scale.Results Mean frequency of headache attack decreased from 7.01 to 1.89 times per month(P

[Objective] To investigate the protective effects of different extraction of Agaricus blazei Murrill on HaCaT cells damaged by UVB. [Methods] The cell viability which was detected by MTT method was used to determine the impact of different dose of UVB and different extraction of Agaricus blazei Murrill on normal HaCaT cells and HaCaT cells damaged by UVB. [Results] ①The HaCaT cells viability declined after irradiation with UVB, and it was a dose-dependent manner. The cell viability was 53.23%when the dose of UVB was 20mj/cm2. ②The water extraction at the concentration of 0.2~4mg·mL-1, aqueous extraction at the concentration of 0.1~2mg·mL-1 and crude polysaccharide at the concentration of 0.2~1mg·mL-1 could promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells, while aqueous extraction and crude polysaccharide inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells at higher concentrations.③The water extraction at the concentration of 1~4mg·mL-1, aqueous extraction at the concentration of 1~2mg·mL-1 and crude polysaccharide at the concentration of 0.5~1mg·mL-1 could enhance the cells viability which was irradiated by 20mj/cm2 UVB (P<0.01). [Conclusion] The different extraction of Agaricus blazei Murrill all could relieve the photo-damage caused by UVB, and it has the potential of anti-photoaging.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis.
●METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 57 cases (57 eyes ) with complicated cataract with uveitis were involved in the study from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2015. All cases underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery successfully. The postoperative reaction, effect, complications and so on were retrospectively analyzed after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery. The date of visual outcome was analyzed using Non - parametric Wilcoxon test.
●RESULTS: lris were bleed in 21 eyes ( 37%) , 4 eyes ( 7%) with posterior capsule rapture and posterior chamber intraocular lens was not implanted in 4 eyes ( 7%) . The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) was significantly increased after surgery. The UCVA of 8 eyes (14%) were 0. 1 or better before surgery, and the UCVA of 42 eyes (74%) were 0. 1 or better 3mo after surgery, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=23. 42, P<0. 001). The corneal edema (17 eyes, 30%), uveitis (2 eyes, 4%) and intraocular hypertension ( 1 eyes, 2%) were appeared in postoperative 1d. The corneal edema (3 eyes, 5%) was appeared in postoperative 1wk. The uveitis ( 1 eyes, 2%) was appeared in postoperative 1mo. The corneal edema (1 eyes, 2%), uveitis (2 eyes, 4%) , intraocular hypertension ( 1 eyes, 2%) and after-cataract ( 3 eyes, 5%) were appeared in postoperative 3mo.
● CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis has good effect and fewer complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong on mammary estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions in rats with dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty female SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into a model group of 60 rats and a blank group of 30 rats. The model group received an oral gavage of DMBA for model making. The blank group received an oral gavage of equal volume of sesame oil. At 15 weeks after model making, the model group of rats was randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong, and the control and blank groups, only the same grasp and release. After the completion of acupuncture treatment (twenty-seventh week), abdominal venous blood was taken and serum tumor markers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Tumor masses were counted and their shapes were recorded. The mass was taken and its height, maximum diameter and vertical diameter were measured using a 1 mm precision vernier caliper. Pathological changes in tumor tissues, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities were observed under an Olympus optical microscope.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the average number and volume of mammary tumors between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the concentrations of various tumor markers (CA724, CA125, CA199, AEP, CA15-3, CEA and CA50) between the treatment or control group and the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in CA15-3 concentration between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01).Conclusions Acupuncture can reduce the occurrence of rat DMBA-induced mammary tumor (including the number and volumes of the tumors). The mechanism of its action may be related to decreasing the concentrations of tumor markers CA724, CA125, CA199, CA15-3, AEP, CEA and CA50 and especially to decreasing CA15-3 concentration, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities.

Objective To observe the characteristic features of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in gouty arthritis (GA) and to assess its value in GA diagnosis.Methods Patients with GA and non-GA who underwent MSUS examination in Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled in this study. The synovitis,tenosynovitis,soft tissue swelling,bone erosion,bursitis and ossification were measured by greyscale ultrasound,and the synovial vascularity was measured by power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the degree of inflammation.Results The ultrasound images of GA were intended to have specific features like tophus,hyperechoic deposition on the surface of the articular hyaline cartilage ( double contour sign ),hyperechoic deposition in the synovium appearing as bright stippled foci,and bright strap in tendons with a significant difference when compared with non-GA group (P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of tenosynovitis and bone erosion in non-GA group was higher than that in the GA group with a significant difference (P ＜0.05 ). Tophus,double contour sign,bright stippled foci or bright stippled foci in tendons together suggested gout with a specificity of 92.4％ and a sensitivity of 60.3％,the AUC of ROC was 0.764 ( P ＜0.05).Conclusion Tophus,double contour sign,bright foci and bright strap detected by MSUS are of diagnostic value on GA and MSUS may be a promising tool in diagnosing GA.

ObjectiveTo examine the mental health status and its changes among children exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake 2 and 3 years after it has passed,and evaluate the possible influencing factors of mental health.MethodsThe General questionnaire,the self-reported Children's revised impact of event scale(CRIES)and the Depression self-rating scale for children ( DSRSC ) were administered to the same children from the earthquake affected areas 2,3 years after the earthquake.ResultsBoth of the CRIES scores and DSRSC scores had decreased over the 2,3 years periods after the earthquake ( z =- 8.772,P =0.00; z=- 2.870,P =0.00 ).The risk factors associated with PTSD 3 years after the earthquake were:gender (OR =1.069,P =0.00 ),the severity of their family's injury( OR =1.141,P =0.02 ),the length of living in transferred safe places( OR =1.416,P =0.03 ),and whether or not witnessed collapse ( OR =1.014,P =0.01 ).The risk factors associated with depression 3 years after the earthquake were:gender( OR =1.367,P =0.00),age( OR =1.035,P =0.04),and despair( OR =2.490,P =0.01 ).ConclusionBoth of the symptoms of PTSD and depression among the children from earthquake affected areas have decreased over the 2,3 years periods after the earthquake.The mental health status of the children from the earthquake affected areas are influenced by their gender,age,the length of living in transferred safe places,the severity of their family's injury,whether or not witnessed collapse and despair.These factors should be taken into considerations when the long-term post-traumatic psychological interventions are planned.