Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Male ; Pharynx ; Rupture ; etiology

Objective： This study was designed to investigate the relationship between p16 protein expression and gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and evaluate the role of deletion and mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 in gastric carcinoma. Methods： p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated(S-P) method; The deletion and mutation of p16 gene were examined respectively by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis(PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma. Results： ① The positive rates of p16 protein expression were 96.25％ (77/80) in normal gastric mucosa, 92.00％ (45/50) in dysplastic gastric mucosa, and 47.54％ (58/122) in gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and in dysplastic gastric mucosa (P<0.05). ② The positive rate of p16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma (10.00％ ,1/10) was significantly lower than that of poorly differentiated carcinoma (51.22％ ,21/41), undifferentiated carcinoma (57.69％ ,15/26), and signet ring cell carcinoma (62.50％ ,10/16) (P< 0.05). ③ The positive rates of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma were 46.67 ％ (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma,16.67％ (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma(P<0.05). ④ Evaluation of mutation and deletion of p16 gene： There was no mutation of p16 gene in exon 2, but there were 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinoma. Conclusions： ① The expression loss of p16 protein is related to carcinogenesis, histopathological subtypes,and lymph metastasis of gastric carcinoma. ② The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 might be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-2 (Proleukin) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

METHODSForty-one patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic RCC after radical nephrectomy were enrolled into this study. Two or four consecutive cycles of subcutaneous injection of rhLL-2 were given, with each cycle duration of five weeks consisting of 4 weeks of treatment and one week of rest. The rhLL-2 was injected twice daily subcutaneously at a dose of 9 MIU on D1-D5 during week one, then 9 MIU twice daily on D1-D2 and followed by 9 MIU daily on D3-D5 during week 2-4. Patients were evaluated after the second cycle of treatment. If an objective response or stable disease was observed, the patient would receive another two cycles of treeatment.

RESULTSOf the 41 patients, the overall objective response rate was 17.1% (95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 28.6%) with a complete response (CR) rate of 0.0% and partial response rate (PR) of 17.1%. However, nineteen patients (46.3%) still had a stable disease (SD), and 15 (36.6%) had progressed disease (PD). The disease control rate was 63.4% and the median time to progression (mTTP) was 6 months. The 1-year survival rate was 71.2% with a median overall survival (mOS) rate of 22.5 months. Among 36 PP population, the overall objective response rate was 19.4% (95% confidence interval, 6.5% to 32.3%) with CR rate of 0.0% and PR rate of 19.4%. Sixteen patients(44.4%) had stable disease, and 13 (36.1%) progressed disease. The disease control rate was 63.9%. The 1-year survival rate was 66.7% with a median time to progression of 6 months. The median overall survival (mOS) had not reached yet. The follow-up data showed that the long term survival of the patient who responsed to the IL-2 therapy can be prolonged. Severe toxicity (> or = grade III) was rarely observed. Grade I or II toxicities such as fatigue (100.0%) and fever (82.9%) were frequently observed but reversible.

CONCLUSIONSubcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-2 may prolong the survival of patients with a metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This regimen is tolerable with rare severe toxicities.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Disease Progression ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on the activity of ATPase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the mitochondria of rat neurons after brain injury. Methods rhEPO was intraperitoneally injected in rats immediately after brain contusion injury induced by impact of a free-falling object.In the control rats,an equivalent volume of saline was injcoted intraperitoneally after the brain injury.At 6,12,24,and 48 hafter rhEPO or saline injection,the mitochondria were isolated from the brain neurons of the rats to determine the activity of ATPasc and SOD and the content of MDA.Results At 12.24 and48 h after rhEPO trealraent.the activity of ATPase and SOD increased and MDA content decreased significantly in the mitochondria of the brain neurons as compared with the measurements in the control group at the corresponding time points(P<0.05). Conclusion rhEPO treatment can ameliorate secondary brain injury in ratsfollowing brain trauma by modulating the mitochondrial function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epithelial growth factor (EGF) expression of EGF gene-transfected keratinocytes and its effect on cell proliferation after grafting.

METHODSNewborn Balb/c mouse keratinocytes and gene transfected keratinocytes were seeded on the surface of acellular dermal matrix and cocultured in different ratios as follows: 1:1, 1:3, or 1:5 1 week after culture. The composite skin was grafted onto the full-thickness wound in Balb/c mouse. Specimen was harvested at interval after grafting and underwent the immunohistochemistry staining for EGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).

RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining showed EGF was expressed in the newly generated epidermis 1-2 week after grafting of the composite skin comprising Balb/c mouse keratinocytes and gene-transfected keratinocytes (at the ratio of 1:5). One week after surgery, Anti-PCNA positive basal cells were more than that in composite skin containing Balb/c mouse keratinocytes alone (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe gene-transfected keratinocytes expresses EGF and promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes in the early stage after transplantation.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; transplantation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo establish a new macrophotographic measurement of brain surface area to evaluate brain edema after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

METHODSPermanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. The brains were removed 10,30 min,1,3,6,12 and 24 h after MCAO, and photographed in dorsal and lateral views by a digital camera. Then, 6 coronal slices of 1 mm thick were cut and photographed. Finally, the water content of brain tissue was measured by heating at 110 degrees C for 24 h. The left and right hemisphere areas of the brains and the brain slices were analyzed and calculated by MedBrain 2 imaging analyzer to evaluate brain edema.

RESULTThe macrophotographic measurement showed that the ischemic hemisphere areas significantly increased from 1 h after focal cerebral ischmia, which was similar to the measurement of water content. This measurement for brain edema correlated well with those of water content and brain slice volume.

CONCLUSIONThe macrophotographic measurement is an objective and quantitative method for evaluating brain edema after focal cerebral ischemia.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; psychology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Photography

OBJECTIVETo establish a new photomacrographic analysis of morphological changes on brain surface to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

METHODSPermanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Brains were removed 10 min, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after MCAO. The whole brains and brain slices were photographed by a digital camera. BBB disruption was evaluated by hemorrhage and traced Evans blue (EB) on the brain surface. Fluoremetric quantitation of EB and water content in the brains were also performed at various time points.

RESULTPhotomacrographic morphological analysis showed that hemorrhage and traced EB on the surface of the brains significantly increased from 3 h after focal cerebral ischemia,which were correlated to the results in the brain slices. EB content in the ischemic hemispheres was significantly increased from 0.5 h after MCAO, and water content was increased from 1 h after MCAO.

CONCLUSIONPhotomacrographic measurement is a simple and useful method for evaluating BBB disruption semi-quantitatively, and can detect BBB disruption earlier after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; physiopathology ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Evans Blue ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Photography ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of water level changes on the distribution of snails around lakes, and to study the possibility of forecasting the distribution of snails according to changes of water level reacted by remote sensing images.

METHODSAll information including water level information of Xingzi Hydrometric Station from 1997 to 2007, twelve TM images of Poyang Lake between 1998 and 2006 were collected. The water areas of Poyang Lake was extracted by MNDWI threshold approach, and the relationships between water areas from TM images and water level from Hydrometric Station was analyzed; Majiawan and Menqiantan marshland of Zhuxi village, Xingzi county was chosen as study pilot to set frames and investigate snails 2991 frames in 2007, and the information of snails of this pilot from 1998 to 2006 was collected to analyze the relationships between snails and water level.

RESULTSThe water areas of Poyang Lake extracted from Remote Sensing images from 1998 to 2006 was 1658.73 - 5873.48 km(2), and the corresponding daily water level of Xingzi Hydrometric Station was 9.96 - 21.72 m, according to correlation analysis, they were positive correlation relationship, the correlation coefficient was 0.96 (P < 0.01), and build a model: S = 5189.96 x ln(h) - 10 284.97; the percent of frames with living snail of zhuxi pilot from 1998 - 2007 was 28.33% - 77.46%, the corresponding monthly average water level of last August was 13.19 - 21.96 m, the corresponding highest water level of last year was 15.97 - 21.96 m, according to correlation analysis. The percent of frames with living snail of zhuxi pilot was negatively correlated with the corresponding monthly average water level of last August and the corresponding highest water level of last year, and the correlation coefficient was -0.69 (P < 0.05), and -0.77 (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONWater areas of Poyang Lake extracted from remote sensing images could well express the actual changes of water level, and the highest water level ahead of the year investigating snails influence the distribution of snails, thus we can estimate the distribution of snails around lakes by remote sensing images.

Animals ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Pilot Projects ; Satellite Communications ; Snails ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical experience in repair of deep burn and traumatic wounds with combined transplantation of different types of pedicled skin flaps in lower extremities.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty-six patients with 271 deep wounds in lower extremities after burn or trauma were repaired with muscular skin flaps, local fascial flaps and island flaps with vascular pedicle (more than 20 types) in our department from Jan. 1998 to Sept. 2008.

RESULTSComplete necrosis of skin flaps occurred in 1 case, congestion and necrosis over the edge of skin flaps occurred in 3 cases, which were healed after grafting, and other skin flaps survived well with soft texture. Skin flaps were too bulky in 26 cases, among them 17 cases were thinned, and the appearance of other skin flaps were satisfactory. In 68 patients with functional region injury were recovered to certain extent without contracture.

CONCLUSIONSSkin flaps with pedicles, multiple transplantations if necessary, can repair deep wounds satisfactorily in lower extremities after deep burn or trauma injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; surgery ; Buttocks ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult