This paper reviewed the research of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in China, including mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong, based on the literature. Specially, the research and development on FES system and device was discussed.

High mobility group box-B1 (HMGB1)is a non histone DNA-binding protein and extracellular molecule related to damage.Normally it is located inside the cell and exerts a variety of biological effects. It has been demonstrated that the expression of HMGB1 presents in almost all gastrointestinal tumors and is closely correlated with the cell growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors. It has been discovered that HMGB1 inhibitor inhibits growth and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors, which might become a new approach to the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.

Objective: To discuss the importance of pharmaceutical care in anti-infective treatment for one patient with severe pneumonia and renal insufficiency performed by clinical pharmacists. Methods: Clinical pharmacist participated in evaluating and changing the anti-infective treatment regimen, adjusted the drug dosage according to the renal function reasonably to avoid adverse drug reactions and completed the medication education and health education for the patient. Results:The infection was controlled effective-ly, gasp was controlled effectively and blood pressure was steady. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should monitor the whole treatment process,evaluate the drug regimen comprehensively and reduce adverse drug reaction to the maximum limit during the pharmaceutical care.

Racemization is probably the most abundant post-translational modification (PTM) in aged lens.According to previous studies,L-amino acid in α,β and γ crystallins are tend to transfer into D-amino acid with aging,leading to a series of age-related changes in the structure,metabolism and function of lens.Aggregated highmolecular-weight proteins gradually accumulate in both nuclear and cortex region,which will have a negative effect on the function of crystallins and finally lead to capacity of lens.Moreover,it is likely that racemization of crystallins eventually leads to cataract formation and development as well.The material effect and mechanism of racemization changes in human age-related lens still requires further research.

Objective To observe the curative effect of surgical treatment for eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 33 cases with eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Methods 33 cases with eyelid basal cell carcinoma treated with surgery, standard excision in 17 case and Mohs micro excision in 16 cases were analyzed, postoperative appearance and function of re- eonstruetiiv eyelid, reeurence rate and survival rate were observed by follow-up survey. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative ap- pearance, function of reconstruetiiv eyelid, recurence rate and survival rate. Results After 6 month ~ 5 years follow-up survey with an average of 2.5 years, 28 of 29 cases obtained normal eyelid appearance, 1 case with lower eyelid gentle ectropium. 11 cases showed hy- perpigmentation in skin-grafting area in early stage, and became normal in half a year. Eyelid function of 29 cases were normal. Tumour relapse was seen in one case 2 years after standard resection,the cure rate was 94.12%. No tumor relapse was seen in group of mohs micro resection, the cure rate was 100%. Within five years postoperation, there was no death case caused by basal cell carcinoma re- lapse, except one dying from myocardial infarction and another dying of eerebrovaseular disease. Conclusions Operational excision is an effective approach for eyelid basal cell carcinoma. The effect of mohs micro resection is better than the one of standard resection. With dissociate skin grafting, fluctuate tarsal transmigration and dissociate skin grafting, eyelid appearance and function recover well.

An accurate method for measuring Emodin content in a Chinese patent drug Qingningwan was developed by HPLC with external standard of Emodin. Calibration curve was linear in the range of 14.8-148?g /ml and mean recovery rate of Emodin was 98.93％. Coefficient of variation was 1.20％(n=5). These indicate that HPLC is an advanced, accurate and feasible method in quality control of Qingningwan.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of berberine in Sanhuang Tablets. Methods: By means of colorimetry the complex was determined by combining picric acid and berberine hydrochloride. Results: The method is reproducible. The average recovery was 103.3%. Conclusion: The method can be used for content determination of berberine in Sanhuang Tablets.

AIM: To establish the quality standard of Huoxuejiangu Capsules (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Corydalis, Fructus Psoraleae, etc.). METHODS: Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Fructus Psoraleae were identified by TLC. The content of tanshinone Ⅱ A was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Fructus Psoraleae could be dtected by TLC. Tanshinone Ⅱ A showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.106～2.12?g, r =0.9996. The average recovery was 98.6%, and RSD was 1.48%. CONCLUSION: The method established is simple, feasible and reproducible. This study provided a method for quality control of Huoxuejiangu Capsules.

As a secreted glycoprotein,Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is closely related to tumor metastasis,and it is highly or lowly expressed in tumor.The high expression of DKK1 promotes the metastasis of a variety of malignant tumors including liver cancer,gastric cancer,non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer.Recent studies have found that DKK1 is inextricably bound up with the latent metastasis of tumor.

Carcinoma ; classification ; pathology ; Consensus ; Humans ; Thymoma ; classification ; pathology ; Thymus Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; World Health Organization