Carcinoma ; classification ; pathology ; Consensus ; Humans ; Thymoma ; classification ; pathology ; Thymus Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; World Health Organization

Objective To analyze the effect of clomipramine combine sleep deprivation on depression rat behavior and hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation was used to establish 40 depression model rats.They were randomly divided into depression group,clomipramine group (5 mg/kg orally),sleep deprivation group (36 h continuous full sleep deprivation),chlorpromazine combination of sleep deprivation group,and then selected 10 rats as control group.Open-field test and water maze test were used to test rats' behavioral change after 28 days intervention.RT-PCR,Western blot were used to detect the GDNF and Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA3 neurons.TUNEL assay was performed to test hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis ratios in each group.Results Open-field test level score,vertical score and latency of combination group were (75.6±7.3),(26.4±4.3),(1.1±0.2),and showed no significant difference with those of control group((79.4 ±6.8),(28.6±5.7),(1.0±0.4)) after 28 d intervention (P＞0.05),while the level score,vertical score were significantly higher than those in other three groups(P＜0.05),and the latency period was significantly lower than that in other three groups (P＜0.05).The combined group showed a trend of gradually shortened in water maze escape latency.GDNF,Bcl-2 expression of control group and combined group was significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.05),while the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Sleep deprivation group' apoptotic rate was the highest (55±6)％,significantly higher than the control group and the combination group ((14±3) ％ and (19±4)％).Conclusion Clomipramine combined sleep deprivation can improve the ability of rat model of depression and suppression of acts of hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis,and its effect may be related to increased hippocampal CA3 GDNF,Bcl-2 level.

Aiming at the technical characteristics and transforming difficulties for patents in medical health industry,this paper makes proposition on establishing a service system for patent transformation in healthcare system and accelerating the transformation and clinical application of medical technologies through the enhancement of technical service platform construction,strengthening of professional staff capabilities,and the improvement of patent values assessment.

Through a series of immune evasion mechanisms,tumor cells can evade immune attack and breed wantonly in human body.In recent years,with the rapid development of oncology,immunology and molecular biology and other related disciplines,immunology treatment method which can effectively kill tumor cells and have fewer side effects draws more and more attention,while the immunotherapy method is different in therapeutic evaluation from the general treatment of solid tumors due to its special feature.This article briefly introduces the latest progress of tumor immunotherapy.

The antiviral treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection should be started in the immune active phase.Interferon (IFN) is the drug of first choice in most cases,however,the individual treatment and management of adverse effects need to be considered.Currently,Nucleos (t)ide analogues (NAs) can be used as the first choice only for those special children who can't use IFN.Efficacy will be seriously affected once the emergence of viral resistance mutants to NAs.However,there is high risk of relapse after the NAs are discontinued.Compared with the mono therapy,the therapeutic strategy of interferon combined with NAs have obtained better effect and safety in children with chronic HBV infection.

Microalbuminuria is regarded as a reflection of increased capillary permeability associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It is obversed that many medical diseases such as diabetes,kidney disease and cardiovascular disease may result in microalbuminuria and reported microalbuminuria with correlation of the prognosis of the serious patients. This article reviews ,microalbuminuria with correlation of the prognosis of the serious patients, the value of predicting illness severity in the serious patients.

Objective To observe the effect of omeprazole or famotidine combined with itopride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis.Methods 86 patients with reflux esophagitis were randomly divided into two groups,which group A with 43 eases was treated with omeprazole combined with itopride,and group B with 43 cases was treated with famotidine combined with itopride.The clinical effect and main symptoms were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate in group A was 91.3％,significantly higher than that of group B ( 71.4％ ) ( x2 =5.460,P ＜0.05 ).After treatment,the scores of heartburn,acid reflux and chest pain were significantly decreased ( all P ＜ 0.05 )in both two groups.Moreover,the scores of heartburn,acid reflux and chest pain in group A after treatment were significantly lower than those of group B ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Omeprazole combined with itopride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis is better than famotidine combined with itopride.

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Nucleosides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Small molecule antibodies are naturally existed and well functioned but not structurally related to the conventional antibodies. They are only composed of heavy protein chains or light chains, much smaller than common antibody. The first small molecule antibody, called Nanobody was engineered from heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids. Cartilaginous fishes also have heavy-chain antibodies (IgNAR, "immunoglobulin new antigen receptor"), from which single-domain antibodies called Vnar fragments can be obtained. In addition, free light chain (FLC) antibodies in human bodies are being developed as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Comparing to intact antibodies, common advantages of small molecule antibodies are with better solubility, tissue penetration, stability towards heat and enzymes, and comparatively low production costs. This article reviews the structural characteristics and mechanism of action of the Nanobody, IgNAR and FLC.

Objective To investigate the causes and influencing factors of dead on arrival (DOA) in children.Methods The clinic data from 66 children with DOA admitted in the emergency department of Hunan Children's Hospital from Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 66 cases had cardiac respiratory arrest when admission.Fourteen cases had arrest for 10 minutes,12 cases for 30 minutes to an hour,40 cases had no details.Forty-four (68.2％) cases were carried by parents,22(31.8％)cases were transferred by medical professionals.The main causes of DOA were severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and (or) heart failure,intracranial infection,neonatal diseases.All cases were taken to resuscitation room by triage immediately.Tracheal intubations were completed in 48 cases and intravenous access with injection of epinephrine and other resuscitative drugs were established in all cases,but all cases were dead due to breathing and heartbeat stopped for a long time.Conclusion DOA is one of the important reasons for pediatric high-risk.The key of reduction of DOA incidence and improvement of survival rate is to improve pediatric emergency medical service system,strengthen the health education for the parents,to carry out training and establish homogenization service in emergency ICU.