A simple and efficient method, based on ultrasound-assisted polymer surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) , was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines ( AAs ) in aqueous sample. The main parameters affecting the performance of the purposed method were optimized, and the optimized conditions were obtained as follows:150 μL of extractive solvent ( dichloroethane ) , polymer surfactant ( sodium alginate ) concentraction of 0. 20 g/L, pH 7. 0, salt addition of 3%, and ultrasound time of 1 min. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the method were 0. 1-200 μg/L for 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, 0. 3-200 μg/L for 2,4,5-trimethylaniline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3’-dimethylbenzidine and 4 , 4’-methylene-bis-( 2-chloroaniline ) , 0 . 5-200 μg/L for 4-aminoazobenzene and 3 , 3’-dimethoxy-benzidine. The correlation coefficients (R2) and the detection limits were 0. 9961-0. 9997 μg/L and 0. 08-0. 3 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day RSDs were less than 10. 6% and 11. 0%. The purposed method could be applied to the analysis of AAs in water sample collected from tap water and river water. In comparison with the common SA-USAEME, conventional surfactant was replaced with water-soluble polymer surfactant to solve the problems of potential pollution, and the polymer surfactant was natural and insoluble in extractive solvent. Compared with other solid-phase extractions, the proposed method had the advantages such as simple operation and low cost.

Objective To explore the effect and significance of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS )score in predicting prognosis in acute craniocerebral trauma. Methods The clinical data of 620 patients were collected at admission from January 2003 to December 2007, GCS and SIRS score were calculated in 24 hours.The relation of the mortality rates and GCS score were analyzed in different SIRS score patients by controlling age. Results With SIRS score increasing,mortality rates increased as well,and pa-tients with SIRS (score≥2) mortality rates had significantly higher,and also in the same age and GCS score group.Mortality rotes were significant in staifistics (P<0.05). Conclusion SIRS score is significant inde-pendent predicting prognosis in acute craniocerebral trauma and in clinic.

Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective Establish a laboratory quality control system to ensure accurate and reliable test data and to contrapose the influence of error factors in current detection methods for urinary iodine measurement. Methods The results of reagent blank absorbance value and uric iodine standard materials were collected, then their relevant technical indexes such as mean, standard deviation, control limit, auxiliary line were worked out. Then the quality control chart of blank test and the relative error control chart were made base on these technical indexes. And different iodine concentrations (high, middle and low concentration) were tested and their mean,relative reduction difference value, weighted mean value and critical limit Rc value were calculated, and then critical limit Rc value precision control chart was made. Results The range of absorbance of blank control test was 1.183 to 1.553. And the limit of the accuracy control Rc value was 0.0883, 0.0572, respectively, when the concentrations of urinary iodine was 0～ < 150 μg/L and 150 ～ 300 μg/L. The control limit of the relative error was 9.3%. Conclusions The method of quality control chart could be satisfactorily applied to identify the quality of the analytical results of urine iodine, and ensure the results of the urine iodine reliable and authentic.

OBJECTIVE: To examine estrogen receptor (ER) in osteoblasts from adult human and to elucidate the mechanism of estrogen in modulating bone metabolism. METHODS: The cultured osteoblasts were harvested from bone chips by modified sequential digestive enzyme release and immunohistochemical assay of ER in osteoblasts were carried out in three groups of female adults: normal control (group 1), patients with moderate osteoporosis (group 2) and patients with serious osteoporosis (group 3). The percentages of ER-positive osteoblasts from the three groups were compared by t test. RESULTS: The brown marks that indicate ER were found in nuclei and plasma of the osteoblasts, and the percentages of ER-positive osteoblasts among three groups were significantly different. CONCLUSION: ERs exist in nuclei and plasma of the osteoblasts. Estrogen may modulate bone metabolism through binding ER in nuclei and plasma of the osteoblasts. The reduction of ER of osteoblasts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of patel ar complications is decreasing, however, the necessity of patel ar replacement remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the incidence rate of anterior knee pain and postoperative pain score in total knee arthroplasty without the patel ar replacement and to provide a reference for the formulation of clinical operation scheme. METHODS:151 patients with 193 knees receiving total knee arthroplasty were involved in this study. Al the patients were treated with patel ar forming but not resurfacing of the patel a. The Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index and America Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were used to evaluate patients before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The function of knee joint, the incidence rate of anterior knee pain and visual analogous scale score before and after operation were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 6 and 12 months of total knee arthroplasty, WOMAC osteoarthritis index was significantly lower and HSS score was significantly higher than those before surgery (P<0.05). At 12 months post-operation, the incidence rate of anterior knee pain was 11.3%, which was significantly lower than the preoperative rate (94.5%) (P<0.05). At 12 months post-surgery, visual analogous scale scores were also significantly lower than the preoperative score (P<0.05). Total knee replacement without resurfacing of the patel a can effectively improve knee joint function in knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients, ameliorate the symptoms of anterior knee pain, has a good clinical effect within short term post-operation. The middle-and long-term effects need further exploration.

To establish a stable, useful culture system for human osteoclasts and to investigate the effect of osteoblasts on the differentiation, proliferation and activation of osteoclasts so as to provide a base for the studies on prevention and treatment of osteolysis and osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the decfion of percentage of pulmonary perfusion defect score (PPDS％) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods A retrospective study was carried out on PPDs％ data of patients(n =36) with clinical confirmed PE.The patients were divided into three levels:low (PPDS％ ＜30％),medial (30％ ≤PPDS％ ＜50％) and high (PPDS％ ≥50％) risk groups,according to the standard of PPDs％ diagnosis.the PPDS％ and the incidence rate of the clinical adverse events were compared in mild,moderate and severe risk PE.The therapeutic results were compared with the PPDS％ changes.Results The mild,moderate and severe risk patients with PE were 15 cases,13 cases and 8 cases respectively,according to the standard of PPDS％ diagnosis.16 cases,12 cases and 8 cases respectively,according to the standard of 2008 ESC APE diagnosis and treatment guidelines.The uniform rate was 94.4％ for two methods,the uniform rate was 100.0％ in which high risk of PE.The PPDS％ of PE was (46.2 ± 4.6) ％ before treatment.The data was significantly higher than that post treatment (31.6％ ± 1.8％) (t =17.38,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of low,medial and high risk patients were (25.9 ± 3.9) ％,(45.6 ± 4.3) ％ and (58.4 ± 4.9) ％ (t =6.18,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The mild,moderate and severe risk PE according to the PPDS％ standard with clinical adverse events for were 1 cases (6.5％),3 cases (23.0％) and 5 cases (62.5 ％) respectively,with a significant difference (x2 =8.71,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PPDS％ could be used as an important reference index for risk stratification of diagnosis,evaluating therapeutic efficiency and predicting the prognosis in patients with PE.

Coccidioides ; Coccidioidomycosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To study the preparation of Fructus perrillae oil nanoemulsion and its quality evaluation. Methods The formulations of Fructus Perrillae oil nanoemulsion were optimized by drawing the pseudoternary phase diagrams and investigating the form, viscosity, particle size distribution, stability, conductance, and refractiratio. Results The optimal formulation was composed of wheat oil and cremophor RH40, electron microscopy presented Fructus Perrillae oil nanoemulsion as small spherical drops, viscosity was (5.49?0.02)/mm2?s-1, conductance was 316/ms-1, refractiratio was (1.124?0.002 50), and mean diameter of particle was (50.3?1.1) nm.The average recovery determined by GC was 98.9%, its mean RSD was 0.88%. Conclusion The solubility and stability of Fructus Perrillae oil are promoted by nanoemulsion with better produncibility. It is a favorable medical matrix.