Laboratory animal industry forms an independent, comprehensive system responsible for the production, use and management of laboratory animals.Great advances have been made in this field in China over the more than thirty years of development.However, due to the great development and changes during this long time, there are also some issues which need to be amended and changed.To compare the concepts of experimental animals in China and developed countries such as USA.The key concepts on the laboratory animals are not well or clearly defined in the regulatory documents in China, which hinder the healthy development and effective regulation in this field, as well as the care and use of laboratory animals in research and education.In this article, we discuss the necessity of timely amendment and standardization of the key concepts and definitions related to laboratory animals, and the importance and impact of the key concepts on the development of animal industry in China.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and the present condition of infective diabetic foot. METHODS A total of 100 cases with infective diabetic foot were classified into the wet gangrene and composite gangrene, and treated by the systemic and local modality in combination. RESULTS The cure rate of the wet gangrene and composite gangrene was 29.5% and 18.2%, respectively and the effective rate was 83.3% and 68.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combined therapy is effective for the treatment of diabetic foot.

Objective To compare the effect of different sevoflurane induction methods on hemodynamics and immune function in elderly patients with tumor. Methods One hundred and sixty elderly patients with tumor underwent general anesthesia were enrolled, the patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the anesthesia method with 80 cases each. The observation group was received induction method of initial concentration of 2%sevoflurane and increased by 1% per 3 times breathing and then to a final concentration of 4%- 5%. The control group was received 5% sevoflurane induction concentration. The anesthesia induction time, intubation time, recovery time and untoward reaction were recorded. The changes of heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of pulse (SpO2), bispectral index (BIS) and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+were observed. Results There were no statistical differences in BIS, heart rate, SpO2, CD3 +, CD8 + and incidence of untoward reaction between 2 groups (P>0.05). The MAP at immediate intubation in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group:(69.38 ± 10.42) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (58.52 ± 6.12) mmHg, but the MAP at after intubation was significantly lower than that in control group: (77.12 ± 11.31) mmHg vs. (90.13 ± 9.24) mmHg, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The anesthesia induction time and intubation time in observation group were significantly longer than those in control group:(110.1 ± 14.2) s vs. (101.4 ± 15.8) s and (341.2 ± 57.3) s vs. (310.4 ± 60.8) s, but the recovery time was significantly shorter than that in control group: (271.2 ± 31.3) s vs. (321.8 ± 41.5) s, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The CD4+and CD4+/CD8+at end of surgery and 1 d after surgery in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group, CD4+:0.241 ± 0.027 vs. 0.182 ± 0.034 and 0.332 ± 0.039 vs. 0.284 ± 0.042, CD4+/CD8+: 0.84 ± 0.12 vs. 0.69 ± 0.13 and 1.09 ± 0.52 vs. 0.93 ± 0.43, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Induction method of gradually increasing concentration of sevoflurane enables the hemodynamics of elderly tumor patients more stable. In addition, this method can reduce the inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes to some extent.

Improving the quality of newborns is a health development strategy, which has attracted global attention. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age, are major causes of perinatal mortality and disability. Based on review of international and national publications pertaining to associations between stressful life events during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes from 2007 to 2023, this review summarizes the correlation between stressful life events during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age, and describes the underlying biological mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated the associations between maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the underlying mechanisms mainly include neuroendocrine regulation, inflammation and microbiota pathways; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear until now. Further studies to identify the critical window period for the association between stressful life events and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and unravel the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes are warranted, so as to provide insights into reduction of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Glucose metabolism of cancer cells presents Warburg effect.In resent years,more and more experiments demonstrate that the therapeutics based on aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells restrict energy and inhibit tumor proliferation through the inhibition of a variety of moleculars,genes and signal pathways.These can provide an opportunity for targeted cancer therapies and possess enormous potential advantages and broad prospects in clinical application.

Regulatory T cells (Treg),a group of negative regulatory cells,have four subsets:CD4+Treg,CD8 + Treg,NKT Treg and DN Treg cells.They play an essential role in the inhibitive immune-regulation and might be the key factors of neoplasms immune escape.These mechanisms include inhibiting the effector cell function by inhibitory cytokines,killing effector cells by granzyme and perforin,competition and inhibiting IL-2,and affecting Treg differentiation and proliferation by regulating the function of CTLA-4,etc.Tumor immunotherapies targeting Treg and related immunosuppressive factors,such as remove Treg or controling the numbers and functions,enhances the immune response against tumors,which might offer a new method of tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment and pathological manifestations in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Methods The clinical data of 368 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with hyperparathyroidism in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Oct 1974 and Jan 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 368 cases underwent parathyroidectomy. There were 249 women (67.7%) and 119 men (32. 3% ). Parathyroid lesions were located in normal positions in 318 cases (86. 4% ), and in ectopic positions in 50 cases (13.6%). The pathology of 264 cases (71.7%) was adenoma, 91cases (24.7%) was hyperplasia, 11 cases (3.0%) was carcinoma, and two cases was parathyroid cyst. Postoperatively 257 cases (68.0%) presented with hypocalcaemia, and 159 cases (66. 0% ) recovered within 7 days. Conclusions The main pathological diagnosis was adenoma. It is common for a ectopic parathyroid gland in which a parathyroid lesion is located.

[Objective]To investigate the effects of lysophosphatidic acid(LPA) on the morphology,proliferation and brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF) expression of olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) in vitro.[Method]Primary cultures of OECs separated from adult rat olfactory bulbs were purified and cultured.Five experimental cultures were grown for a period of time in media with LPA at different concentrations,namely 1,5,10,20 and 50 ?mol/L,and the control culture was grown in the medium without LPA.Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify OECs and to observe their morphological changes.The proliferation of OECs was measured by MTT assay.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of BDNF.[Result]Exposure to LPA in medium induced the switch in the dominant morphology of OECs from process-bearing to flat morphology.This shift in morphology was reversed when LPA was removed from media.LPA at concentrations from 1 ?mol/L to 50 ?mol/L enhanced OECs proliferation,especially at the concentration of 10 ?m/L.Proliferation of OECs in all experimental cultures reached their respective significant peaks after 60 h of LPA treatment.There were significant upregulations in BDNF expression of OECs treated with LPA(1~50 ?m/L) compared with those in the control culture.[Conclusion]A reversible change from process-bearing to flat in morphology of OECs can be induced by LPA.LPA stimulates OECs proliferation in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.LPA upregulates BDNF expression of OECs.

Objective:To collect the bioburden information in clean room to understand the bioburden status, find out weak points and risks in microbial control and improve the management efficiency in clean room. Methods: According to GB/T 16293-2010 and the standard operation practice ( SOP) in our lab, the bioburden information was obtained by the collection and identification of air-borne microbe and surface bacteria in the four main areas of clean room ( microbial limit test room, sterile room 1 and 2, positive room) and on the person entered clean room. Results:The preliminarily established bioburden information indicated that the main mi-croorganism in clean room was Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. The detection rate of fungi was about 5% in clean room. Conclusion:The movement of people and goods in clean room should be strengthened, and samples should be with thorough disinfection.

Objective:Through the application of remote diagnosis system in medical equipment operation maintenance analysis, clarify the significance of the remote diagnosis technology.Methods:Combined with the actual case, from the breakdown maintenance, preventive maintenance, online training, and other aspects to explore remote diagnosis technology in the medical equipment application and expand operations.Results:Using the remote diagnosis technology can reduce the failure rate, monitor system operation state and environment parameter, improve the efficiency of management of medical equipment.Conclusion: remote diagnosis technology make full use of the manufacturers of professional and technical resources, early detection equipment problems, provide prospective judgment, ensure the equipment running in the best condition.