The clinical parameters of 1 000 patients undergoing spinal aesthesia were recorded and analyzed.Hypotension fulfilling the predefined criteria occurred in 173 patients.The logistic regression analysis revealed that the regression coefficients of height,weight and amount of fluid infusion during anesthesia were negative while those of age,emergency operation,hypertension/hypotension,heart disease,American Society of Anesthesiologists score,use of sedative drugs and sensory blocking level of anesthesia positive.The area of receiver operating characteristic was 0.905.This study contributes to the identification of patients with high risks for hypotension after spinal induction.

Renal colic caused by ureteral stone obstruction is the main cause for emergency treatment of patients with urinary tract stones, and drug expulsion therapy plays a vital role in the treatment.This article delves into a variety of drugs, including α1 adrenergic receptor blockers, β adrenergic receptor agonists, calcium channel blockers, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase isoenzyme 5 inhibitors, and Chinese herbal medicines, exploring their mechanisms and applications in the treatment of distal ureteral stones.Currently, α1 adrenergic receptor blockers are still preferred for the treatment of distal ureteral stones due to their significant efficacy.It is worth noting that various drugs work through different mechanisms, and combining drugs with different mechanisms is expected to improve the efficiency of stone expulsion.This method may become the mainstream choice for stone expulsion drugs in the future.This article aims to provide new perspectives and ideas for the drug treatment of urinary tract stones.