Gut microbes play an important role in human health and are believed to be closely related to obesity , diabetes and some other metabolic diseases .Recently, intestinal flora has become a research hotspot and new target for disease prevention.The problems facing intestinal flora research included variability between individuals ,huge amounts and varieties of gut microbes .Caenorhabditis elegans, with the advantages of living on E.coli, short growth periods , easy observation,applicability to high throughput screening of drugs , is an ideal model organism for research of microbe-host interactions .It has been used in probiotics screening and interaction mechanism research of multifold bacteria .This review summarizes some new researches and applications in this area .

Objective To establish a method for detecting intestinal bacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans.Methods The gut flora number of 1, 20 or, 50 C.elegans was quantified and compared using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results The gut flora of a single C.elegans could be detected using qPCR method , which could also reflect the difference in the number of gut bacteria between different samples .Conclusion The qPCR method can be uased to accurately quantify intestinal bacteria even in only one C.elegans and has the advantages of low-cost, high-sensitivity and good-specificity.

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Objective To study the accuracy and practical value in the clinical diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by B ultrasonography and postcaval vein contrast examination.Methods 42 patients received B ultrasonographic scanning of the postcaval vein and the liver before the use of angiography.Angiography included Seldinger single-direction postcaval intubation(14 cases) and double-direction intubation(28 cases),and quick photographic observation.Results B ultrasonography showed that 18 cases had postcaval segmental or membranous obstruction 24 cases had postcaval stricture at its opening,and 20 cases complicated with single right hepatic stricture,8 cases with left vein stricture and 12 cases with central hepatic caval stricture.Communicating branched vessels were formed among 16 cases between hepatic vessels were formed among 8 cases between hepatic left-middle,and middle-right hepatic veins each.Reticular communicating vessels were formed in 8 cases between left middle and right.5 cases had slight postcaval stricture and their blood flowed non-obstructedly postcaval veinography showed 12 cases had postcaval stricture at proximal end,28 cases total segmental or membranous obstruction.There were 8 cases respectively for hepatic central vein and right hepatic vein development each.The remaining 26 cases had no hepatic venous development.There were 30 cases who had obvious branched circulaltion formation,and even their branched circular vessels had tumous-like expansion.Conclusion B ultrasonography,as a way of easy,and no-trauma examination,is the first-choice means to screen the patients.Postcaval angiography is a means to diagnose Budd-Chiari syndrome,which is neccessary for the cases with total segmental or membranous obstruction to have double-direction postcaval angiography,especially for the cases to have interventive therapy.

Objective To explore the ultrasound characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis in acute stroke patients with early neurological deterioration (END). Methods END was defined as a increase by at least two points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale between admission and day 7. Among 128 patients with acute stroke in whom carotid ultrasound examinations were performed within 24 hours after admission, 38 patients with END and 40risk-matched patients without END were included in the END group and the non-END group,respectively. The ultrasound characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis were compared in both groups. Results Plaque score (16.7 ±4.4 mm vs. 13.3 ±3.5 mm, t=2.673, P=0.009),intima-media cross-sectional area (26. 4 ± 8. 5 mm2 vs. 20. 5 ± 6. 8 mm2, t = 3. 394, P =0. 001), arterial stiffness index (28. 94 ±4. 29 vs. 21. 22 ±5. 85, t = 6. 618, P =0. 000), and the rates of unstable plaque (66. 7% υs. 43. 3%, χ2=9. 164, P =0. 003), eccentric plaque (62. 8% vs. 45. 6%, χ2=5. 008, P =0. 025), stenosis ≥50% (71. 1% vs. 37. 5%, χ2=8. 828, P =0. 003), and negative remodeling (28. 9% vs. 7. 5%, χ2=6.087, P =0.014) in the END group were significantly higher than those in the non-END group, while the distensibility coefficient ([14. 74 ±8. 66]×10-6/P υs. [19. 16 ±9.35] × 10-6/Pa, t =2. 163, P=0. 034)and compliance coefficient ([0.49 ±0. 13] × 10-4 mm2/Pa υs. [0. 58 ±0. 11] × 10-4 mm2/Pa,t =3.307, P =0. 001) were significantly lower than those in the non-END group. Conclusions The ultrasound characteristics such as plaque score, intima-media cross-sectional area, arterial stiffness index, unstable plaque, eccentric plaque, stenosis ≥ 50%, negative remodeling,distensibility and compliance may be useful to predict END in patients with acute stroke.

Objective To evaluate the differentiating diagnostic value of single use and combined use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging(ARFI) in TI-RADS class 3 and 4 thyroid nodules.Methods A total of 68 inpatients with thyroid nodules treated by operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (according with TI-RADS class 3 and 4 thyroid nodules suggested by Ji-Young Park in 99 cases) were collected and their imaging data were retrospectively analyzed.All cases simultaneously conducted ARFI and CEUS examinations before operation.The pathogenic results served as the golden standard.The differentiating diagnostic values of single use and combined use of CEUS and ARFI in TI-RADS class 3 and 4 thyroid nodules were comparatively analyzed by using the statistical method.Results Both ARFI and CEUS had high differential diagnosis value in TI-RADS class 3 and 4 thyroid nodules,however,the single use of ARFI and CEUS no statistically significant difference in diagnosis value (P＞0.05),the combination use of ARFI and CEUS significantly improved the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis.Conclusion The combination of CEUS and ARFI can be applied to differentiate TI-RADS class 3 and 4 thyroid nodules.

Objective To study the value of preoperative ultrasonography in predicting the im provement rate of CAS in ischemic stroke (IS) patients after stenting.Methods Sixty-four CAS patients were included in this study.Their baseline clinical data,improvement rate of CAS 1 year after stenting and Pearson matrix correlation coefficient of 12 carotid ultrasonographic indexes were retrospcctively analyzed before stenting.An ultrasonographic prediction model of CAS im provement rate was established after stenting.Results No patient died 1 year after stenting.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the improvement rate of CAS was closely related with the clinical outcome of CAS patients 1 year after stenting (P＜0.01).The integration ratios of unstable plaques,maximum plaque eccentricity,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,peak systolic flow rate in stenotic carotid artery,resistance index and carotid artery stiffness index were negatively related with the improvement rate of CAS after stcnting (P＜0.01).However,the pulsation index,dilation and compliance coefficient were positively related with the improvement rate of CAS after stenting (r=0.363,P=0.003;r=0.331,P=0.008;r=0.306,P=0.014).Stepwise regression analysis showed that carotid artery stiffness index,peak systolic flow rate in stenotic carotid artery and maximum plaque thickness were related with the improvement rate of CAS in a linear manner after stenting (P＜0.01).Conclusion Ultrasonographic indexes play an active role in assessing the improvement rate of CAS 1 years after stenting.