Objective: Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that salt, one of the factors which significantly influence blood pressure (BP), can regulate BKCa activity and then elevate blood pressure. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized into high salt diet group (HS) and control group, fed with high salt diet (containing 5% NaCl) and standard rat chow (containing 0.4% NaCl) respectively for 16 weeks. Tail systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight (BW) and 24-hour urinary output were tested every 4 weeks. Content of urinary Na+ was detected using flame spectrophotometrical method. At the end of 16 weeks, all the rats were killed, the mesenteric arteries were obtained, and single mesenteric smooth muscle cells were isolated at once. The resting membrane potential (Em), the total potassium currents and the currents after perfusion with TEA solution of the cells were all recorded by whole cell patch clamp. The transcriptions of BKCa channel α and β1 subunits in mesenteric arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of each group were calculated by real-time RT-PCR. Results: There was no difference in SBP and BW at each stage between control group and HS group; the urinary Na+ level in HS animals was elevated significantly after 4 weeks. The negative values of Em in HS group VSMCs were reduced compared with those in the control group. Transcriptions of β1 subunit of BKCa channels were decreased in HS group, but α subunit transcriptions did not differ between the two groups. Whole cell potassium currents did not differ between HS and control groups, but BK Ca currents of HS group VSMCs were lower than those of control group ones. Conclusion: Even without elevating SBP, salt-loading can still modulate the expression and activity of BKCa channel in the mesenteric arterial VSMC and elevate vascular tone.

Objective: Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that salt, one of the factors which significantly influence blood pressure (BP), can regulate BKCa activity and then elevate blood pressure. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized into high salt diet group (HS) and control group, fed with high salt diet (containing 5% NaCl) and standard rat chow (containing 0.4% NaCl) respectively for 16 weeks. Tail systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight (BW) and 24-hour urinary output were tested every 4 weeks. Content of urinary Na+ was detected using flame spectrophotometrical method. At the end of 16 weeks, all the rats were killed, the mesenteric arteries were obtained, and single mesenteric smooth muscle cells were isolated at once. The resting membrane potential (Em), the total potassium currents and the currents after perfusion with TEA solution of the cells were all recorded by whole cell patch clamp. The transcriptions of BKCa channel α and β1 subunits in mesenteric arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of each group were calculated by real-time RT-PCR. Results: There was no difference in SBP and BW at each stage between control group and HS group; the urinary Na+ level in HS animals was elevated significantly after 4 weeks. The negative values of Em in HS group VSMCs were reduced compared with those in the control group. Transcriptions of β1 subunit of BKCa channels were decreased in HS group, but α subunit transcriptions did not differ between the two groups. Whole cell potassium currents did not differ between HS and control groups, but BK Ca currents of HS group VSMCs were lower than those of control group ones. Conclusion: Even without elevating SBP, salt-loading can still modulate the expression and activity of BKCa channel in the mesenteric arterial VSMC and elevate vascular tone.

Objective To investigate the effects of two sputum aspirations on old critical patients.Methods Sixty elderly critical patients were divided into the experiment group and control group in equal number.The former group received sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe and the control group by oronasal airpipe.The two groups were compared in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen.Result The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen(both P<0.05).Conclusion Sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe is effective in the aspiration of secretions from respiratory tract and the reduced effect of saturation of blood oxygen.

collagen type Ⅰ.The epithelial surfaceof HABM was significantly better in promoting forebrain cells growth than thestromal surface(P

Purpose:To improve the diagnostic accuracy of gastric submucosal tumor whose endoscopy was negative. Methods:Six cases of gastric submucosal tumor with “negative” results of endoscopy were analyzed. Results:Before operation 3 were recieved by medicinal management, 5 were diagnosed as malignant tumor by CT, 2 were shown to be tumor by ultrasound. There were 3 gastric lymphoma, 1 gastric adenocarcinoma, 1 gastric Schwannoma and 1 gastric leiomyosarcoma confirmed by postoperational pathologic diagnosis. Conclusions:If suspicion remains in endoscopy diagnosis, procedure should involve careful physical examination, CT, B US, GI and so on to improve the diagnostic accuracy. [

Objective To observe and discuss the effect of using the self-made pressure reduction bilateral nasal oxygen tube to prevent the ear pressure sore for the comatose patients. Methods Totally 86 cases of comatose patients which needed permanent oxygen inhale admitted during Jan 2016 to Dec 2016 were divided into observation group and control group:Each group 43 cases. Observation group used self-made pressure reduction bilateral nasal oxygen tube to inhale the oxygen, control group used the conventional disposable bilateral nasal oxygen tube to inhale the oxygen and the pressure ulcer stage. Results There was no significant difference in Braden score in two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P>0.05) . Observed two groups patients′ nasal oxygen tube ear pressure sore situation, these were only 2 patients happened nasal oxygen tube ear pressure sore in observation group, on the contrary, these were 9 patients happened in control group, occulting probability was higher than observation group significantly. and the extend of the pressure sore is much serious than the observation. Difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.11, P<0.05). Conclusions During the privation of the nasal oxygen tube ear pressure sore for the comatose patients, self-made pressure reduction bilateral nasal oxygen tube can alleviate the ear skin pressure effectively, reduce the pressure sore occur, the effect is obvious, nursing quality is improved, deserve the clinical expansion.

The aim of China National Medical Licensing Examination (CNMLE) is to check and assess examinee's requirement for medical practice. In a certain extent, the score result of Medical Licensing Examination reflects the examinee's mastery degree of knowledge, ability and skills (SAKs) learned in medical school. Through the subject diagnostic analysis on the Medical Licensing Examination for certain samples, this research reviewed the clinical medical student's mastery degree of different SAKs. The author wishes the conclusion of this paper would be helpful to some aspects of medical education.

Peanuts, corn and other food products are prone to aflatoxins (AF). AF was listed as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as it is considered the most prevalent and toxic. China is a big peanut producer, so carrying out pollution investigation and risk assessment in peanuts and their products is crucial to formulate prevention measures, protect export trade and maintain health. This paper summarizes the AF pollution of peanuts and their products in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin, Yangtze River Basin, Southeast Coast and Northeast region of China from 2015 to 2021, and the application of dietary AF exposure risk assessment methods, providing a basis for strengthening the supervision of AF pollution in peanuts and their products, and ensuring food safety.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the drug resistance evolution of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA,to provide the basis for prevention and control measures.Methods 576 strains of clinical isolated Staphylococcus aureus from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were detected by VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument.Results The separation rate of MRSA from 2009 to 2012 was 59.5％,but the separation rate was gradually decreased per year.The antibacterial activity of MRSA was better to vancomycin,linezolid,quinupristin/Dalfopristin,teicoplanin,nitrofurantoin (resistance rate ＜ 2.4％).The resistance rate and sensitive rate of MRSA to tigecycline was 0.0％,intermediary rate was 100.0％.The resistance of MRSA to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,tetracycline and erythromycin was gradually decreased.From 2010 to 2012,The resistance of MRSA to cotrimoxazole decreased significantly,from 65.3％ in 2010 to 28.2％ in 2011 and 4.7％ in 2012 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Separation of MRSA and drug resistance is reduced year by year,we should continue to strengthen the administration of antimicrobial agents,scientific and reasonable application of antibacterial drugs,reduce the incidence of multiresistant bacteria and drug resistance.

Objective To understand the hospital intensive care unit(ICU) pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance for providing the basis for rational drug use and hospital infection control and prevention.Methods The drug resistance of 749 strains of pathogenic bacteria the separated from ICU was analyzed from January 2009 to December 2012.VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument was used to detect bacteria identification and drug sensitive test using.Results There were Acinetobacter baumannii(208 strains,27.8％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(108 strains,14.4％),E.coli (96 strains,12.8 ％),Staphylococcus aureus (76 strains,10.1％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(62 strains,8.3％) mainly accupied in 749 strains of pathogenic bacteria.The species was mainly from sputum specimens sources (503 strains,67.2％) ; the separation rate of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 82.9％ (63/76) ; the separation rate of Imine resistance from South pseudomonas aeruginosa(IRPA) was 22.2％ (24/108) ; the separation rate of resistance to carbon penicillium alkene antimicrobial acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) was 88.0％ (183/208).The resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to amikacin was from 28.6％ to 31.5％,the other 20 kinds of antimicrobial drug resistant rate was as high as 81.6％-100.0％ ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,aztreonam and piperacillin/tazobactam resistant rate of 11.6％-25.0％.Conclusion Detection of pathogens in ICU,multi-drug resistance is serious,the hospital should strengthen the bacterial drug resistance monitoring,rational use of antimicrobial drugs,reduce the nosocomial infection.