AIM To inVestigate the positiVe transcription elongation factor b(P-TEFb)expressjon and the effect of berberine on diabetic retina of the rat.METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models were diabetic control rats(group A)that neither received STZ nor the high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet;16-wk diabetic rats without any drug treatment(group B);diabetic rats treated with berberine at a dose of 75,150 or staining and P-TEFb(cyclin-dependent kinases 9(CDK9)and cyclin T1)protein expression was detected by immunohistochemjstry.RESULTS The retinas of control group were thicker than those of other 6 groups.After thickness but no difference in retinal structure among all groups.Middle-.high-dose berberine and rosiglitazone fenofibrate showed no effect on CDK9 and cyclin T1 expression.CONCLUSION Berberine modulating P-TEFb level in diabetic retina may probably be one of the mechanisms to ameliorate retinopatby induced by STZ and the high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.

AIM To investigate cyclin dependent kinase 9(Cdk9) and cyclin T1 protein expressions in diabetic rat kidney and the effect of berberine on them. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were induced by injection (ip) with diet for 16 weeks. From week 17 to 32, diabetic rats were given berberine 75, respectively. The kidney tissue structure was observed with hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining, kidney to body weight ratio was calculated, and Cdk9 and cyclin T1 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with control rats, the volume of diabetic model rat glomerulus accreted, some intercapillary cells proliferated and mesangial region expanded, both glomerular basement membrane and renal tubular basement membrane thickened. Treatment with diabetic nephropathy symptom. The diabetic kidney to body weight ratio protein expressions in diabetic kidney to near control level. CONCLUSION Berberine regulates Cdk9 and cyclin T1 protein expressions in diabetic kidney which may partly contribute to ameliorate nephropathy complication induced by STZ and the high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.

Retinopathy is a major cause of morbidity in diabetes and remains the primary cause of new blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drug to treat diabetic retinopathy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were induced by injection (ip) with streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg·kg-1 and fed with a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet 2 weeks later. From week 17 to 32, diabetic rats were given different doses of berberine 75, 150, and 300 mg·kg-1, fenofibrate 100 mg·kg-1 and rosiglitazone 4 mg·kg-1, separately. Retinal structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α/δ/γ protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. The retina of control rats was thicker than that of other groups, 16 weeks treatment with berberine (150 and 300 mg·kg-1) and rosiglitazone 4 mg·kg-1 thickened the diabetic retina, but no difference existed in retinal structure among groups. Both berberine (150 and 300 mg·kg-1) and rosiglitazone 4 mg·kg-1 significantly decreased PPARγ expression in diabetic retina;while berberine (150 and 300 mg·kg-1) and fenofibrate 100 mg·kg-1 obviously increased both PPARα and PPARδ expressions in diabetic retina. Berberine modulates PPARα/δ/γ protein levels in diabetic retina which may contribute to ameliorate retinopathy complication induced by STZ and a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet. It is expected that berberine might be a more beneficial drug to treat diabetic retinal complication comparing with fenofibrate and rosiglitazone.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.001

This study was aimed to optimize extraction process of formula granules of Clematis chinensis Osbeck and establish its qualitative discrimination method. With oleanolic acid, hederagenin and extract rate as indexes, extraction technology conditions of formula granules of C. chinensis Osbeck were investigated by L9 (34) orthogonal test method. TLC was used in the qualitative discrimination of formula granules of C. chinensis Osbeck. The results showed that optimum extraction technology was: adding 12 times of water; soaking for 0.5 h; cooking for 1 h; and extracting for 3 times. TLC had the diagnostic characteristic for the distinct spot which illustrated the specificity. It was concluded that the extraction process was reasonable, simple and feasible with high extraction efficiency of ef-fective contents, which can be the scientific basis for production and quality control of formula granules of C. chin-ensis Osbeck.

Whether resection for colorectal cancer could achieve the same effect as open surgery had been doubted. Recently, the international large prospective random control tests and large retrospective studies have revealed that laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer not only has short-term advantages such as minor injuries, less postoperative pain, quicker recovery of bowel function and less postoperative hospital stay, but also had at least the equivalent long-term effects in local recurrence, distant metastasis, incision implantation and long term survival. It is promising that the roll of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer will be defined by more evidence-based medicine study in the near future.

The afferent connections of the preoptic region in the rat were studied with retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method.The mico-injection syringe needle or microelectrophoretic pipette was inserted vertically into the brain. In some cases, the injection was made with the needle inclined and directed contralaterally or in inclined direction through the cerebellum.The results were as follows:Following HRP injection into the medial preoptic area, labeled neurons were found in periventricular hypothalamic gray, paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus and locus coeruleus in all cases. In some cases, labeled cells were also observed within bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal raphe nucleus. In addition, in a few cases, a small number of labeled cells could be found in lateral septal nucleus, medial septal nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter and interpeduncular nucleus.After injection into the region between the medial and lateral preoptic area, besides the above mentioned labeled nuclei, there were still a number of labeled cells found in paratenial nucleus, nucleus reuniens and lateral hypothalamic nucleus, in some cases also found in the supramammillar nucleus, and in one case even in the cortical and medial amygdalar nuclei.Following the injection of HRP into the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, retrograde labeling of neurons was observed within the lateral septal nucleus, preoptic periventricular nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter and locus coeruleus in all cases. Among them, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei were labeled bilaterally in some cases.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the best way of drug application&taking in pharmacy through computer.METH-ODS:Ratio ordering method was applied to the high and low limit setups of drug stocks.RESULTS:The timely and dynamic high and low limit data setups through computer has successfully overcome the drawbacks of those from manual labor,thus more scientific and rapid drug application&taking was available.CONCLUSION:Ratio ordering method deserves to be generalization and application in drug application&taking by computer.

Congenital cataract is a common eye disease which leads to children low vision. Surgery is the main treatment. Because of children's preoperative evaluation, operation, postoperative management is more difficult than adult, the outcome of surgery is not so well. Therefore, we review the relevant congenital cataract surgery researches in recent years in order to discuss the problems and further developments in this area.