E-health was referred as the use of internet and ICT ( information and communication technology) for health in this paper, which mainly encompassed electronic health record, online health information and tele-health. The paper summarized the new characteristics of privacy of e-health, and presented current privacy issues raised by these applications. The major privacy concerns were unauthorized access to and secondary use of privacy data. The paper put forward some governance suggestions of privacy protection.

In vitro diagnostic ( IVD) manufacturers were important suppliers of external servicesto medical laboratories .There equipment , reagents , calibration and maintenauce services played an important role in ensuring the quality of medical laboratory tests .It is also helpful for IVD manufacturers to establish and maintain a good reputation and credibility .ISO 15189:2012“Medical laboratories -Requirements for quality and competence” was issued onNovember 1, 2012, which replaced the second edition (ISO 15189:2007).Requirements related to IVD manufacturers are involved in the new edition standard .The article aimed to help medical laboratories and IVD manufacturers understand the requirements ; therefore , laboratories would know how to select suppliers based on their ability to supply external services , IVD manufacturers would know how to meet the needs of laboratories , and the cooperation between IVD manufacturers and laboratories would be facilitated .

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignant tumor, which has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Under the influence of respiratory motion, the position error of liver cancer is relatively high. The image-guided radiotherapy is a combination of radiotherapy and imaging device, which can detect and correct the error caused by the movement of the organs and the position of the pendulum to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy.

[Summary] The study summarized surgical cooperation key points during percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with radiofrequency in 60 cases, including preoperative preparation, intraoperative care, and maintenance and sterilization of instruments after the surgery.All the 60 operations were successfully completed, without complications such as intraoperative dural rupture and nerve root injury.Postoperatively, an instant relief of low back pain was obtained and the lower limb straight leg raising test showed negative immediately.The preoperative preparation and proficiency with special surgical skills are conducive to successful operation and improvement of surgical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with cerebral infarction and its effect on the prognosis of brain infarction.Methods 113 patients (86 with thrombosis and 27 with lacunar infarction) and 48 healthy persons as control were enrolled in this study. The serum level and abnormal rate of CRP were determined. All the patients were scored by clinic neurological function deficit scale (NDS).Results The serum level of CRP in the patients with thrombosis was higher than that in the patients with lacunar infarction. It was also higher in the patients with lacunar infarction than in normal controls (all P

Objective:To analyze differential diagnosis and imaging feature of ultrasonography and MRI for adrenal pheochromocytoma.Methods: The manifestations of the preoperative ultrasound and MRI of the 37 patient with adrenal pheochromocytoma who once were confirmed by pathology were analyzed by the retrospective analysis. The result of pathology was used as standard to analyze the accuracy rate and clinical feature of the two detection methods in the diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma.Results: The results of pathological diagnosis for the 37 cases showed that 35 cases were benign and 2 cases were malignant. After the results of preoperative ultrasound was tested by using pathology, the tested results of 37 cases showed 32 cases were adrenal pheochromocytoma, 2 cases were adrenocortical adenocarcinoma and 3 cases were adrenal adenoma. As these results, the accuracy rate of preoperative ultrasound was 86.49%. And after the results of preoperative MRI was tested by using pathology, the tested results of 37 cases showed that 34 cases were adrenal pheochromocytoma, 2 cases were adrenocortical adenocarcinoma and 1 case was adrenal adenoma. And its accuracy rate was 91.89%. Therefore, if patients were diagnosed with adrenal pheochromocytoma by using preoperative imaging detection, they should be considered to receive further diagnosis so as to distinguish adrenal pheochromocytoma with adrenal adenoma, adrenocortical adenocarcinoma, metastatic tumor and lipomatous. Conclusion: Both of ultrasound and MRI can accurately achieve location, diagnosis of qualitative identification for adrenal pheochromocytoma, and the clinical feature and imaging feature which combined the two detections can increase the detectable rate and accuracy rate for adrenal pheochromocytoma.

Objective To investigate the adverse event reporting of nurses and analyze the influenc-ing factors. Methods A sample of 801 nurses were assessed by completing AHRQ Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (Chinese version). Results 82.65% of respondents within hospital didn't reported a single event in the past 12 months. The positive responsive rates for "frequency of event reported"and "nonpunitive response to error"was 29.92% and 29.38% respectively, where higher scores were found in the respondents possessing bachelor degrees and the average score of the respondents from out-patients unit was lower than those from other units. Conclusions The findings illustrate that it is necessary to improve the performance of event reporting of nurses and the influence factors lie in the level of the nurses' educa-tion degree and whether the event reporting system is punitive or not.

Objective To study the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)on angiogenesis of rat with acute myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol(Iso). Methods A total of 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, GM-CSF pretreatment group (GM-CSF group), and lso injury group, 20 rats in each group. GM-CSF group was administered recombinant human(rh)GM-CSF(5.0 μg/kg), through tail intravenous injection once a day for three days. Then the GM-CSF group and the Iso injury group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of lso( 15.0 mg/kg) once a day for three days. The same dose of saline was administered in the same way to the control rats. Ten days after injection, pathological changes of myocardial damage and infarct area were examined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of polypeptide antigen (CD34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR/flk- 1 were measured by RT-PCR. Results The difference of myocardial necrosis area between groups was statistically significant(F=10.07, P < 0.01), in which GM-CSF group[(37.37 ± 12.98)%] was significantly less than Iso injury group[(45.51 ±14.96)%, P < 0.05]. The difference of myocardial neovascularization density index of rats between groups was statistically significant ( F = 25.54, P < 0.05 ), in which GM-CSF group [(3980.05 ± 477.22) No/mm2] was significantly higher than Iso injury group((2605.93±361.49)No/mm2,P<0.01).The differences of myocardial CD34,VEGF,KDR/flk-1 mRNA expression between groups were statistically significant(F=17.83,4.29,4.10,all P<0.01).Compared to Iso mjury group[CD34(23.85±6.06),VEGF(31.80±8.05),KDR/flk-1(30.16±8.01)]were higher in the GM-CSF group[CD34(44.04±10.13),VEGF(49A±11.59),and KDR/flk-1(46A9±7.90),all P<0.01].The expressions of myocardiM VEGF mRNA and its receptor KDR/flk-1 mRNA was positively correlated(r=0.725,R2=0.526,P<0.01).Conclusions GM-CSF prelreatmcnt increases the density ofnew blood vessels in myocardium,and reduces the Iso-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Objective To explore the efficacy of low dosage of olanzapine combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of depression.Methods A 8-week study was conducted in 130 patients met the diagnostic criteria for de- pression.Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups:fluoxetine(20mg/d)alone and olanzapine(2.5～5 mg/d) plus fluoxetine(20mg/d).They were evaluated with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD).Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA)at baseline,the 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks subsequently.Results(1)There were significant differences in the total scores and reduction rates of HAMD between two groups in every interview.(2)The combi- nation group had greater reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms than that in fluoxetine group.(3)The re- sponse rate in combination group was higher than that of fluoxetine group in 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks.There were no significant differences in response and remission rate between combination group and fluoxetine group.Con- clusion The combination of olanzapine with fluoxetine demonstrated a rapid,effective antidepressant action.

Objective To compare the efficacy and predictability of sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK and two-zone cross-cylinder LASIK for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.Design Prospective,comparative case series.Participants 40 eyes of 35 patients with mixed astigmatism undergoing LASIK.Methods All patients were treated with Visx Star IV LASIK system.20 eyes of 19 cases were used for sphere-cylinder combined LASIK mode and 20 eyes of 16 cases for two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode.All sub- jects were followed more than 6 months.Main Outcome Measures Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA),spherical diopter,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness.Results For the patients who received two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 13 eyes (65.0%) were 1.0 or above. For the patients who received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 11 eyes (55.0%) was 1.0 or above (P=0.683).The residual astigmatism for the patients received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode was (1.15?1.00)D,while for the patients received cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (1.13?0.62)D(P=0.045).The remotion depth of cornea for sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode and cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (36.73?13.12)?m and (15.60?6.85)?m,respectively (P= 0.031).Condusion The UCVA,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness after surgery in two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode were better than that in sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.