Objective To compare the results of emergency clinical training for medical students and to put forward some suggestions.Methods Toatlly 207 medical students of Grade 4 studied in the first people' s hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong university from 2009 to 2011 were divided into the traditional group (n =90 ) and the experimental group (n =117 ).The students in the experimental group participated in emergency clinical training in summer vacation while those in the traditional group did not.Questionnaires about their self-learning ability,clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability after training the were conducted and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results One hundred and five effective questionnaires were recovered from the experimental group,with the recovery rate 89.7％ and 62 effective questionnaires were recovered from the traditional group,with the recovery rate 68.9％.The scores about clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability of the experimental group were significantly highcr than those of the traditional group [ (79.45 ± 9.354)vs.(75.87 ± 9.926),(263.38 ± 30.925 ) vs.(251.36 ± 23.679),P ＜ 0.05 ].However,there was no significant difference in scores about self-learning ability between the two groups [ ( 153.97 ± 23.725 ) vs.( 149.83 ± 13.891 ),P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Emergency clinical training is helpful to improve medical students' clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability.It is worth popularizing.

Objective To explore the relationship among personality,job burnout and knowledge sharing behavior of the enterprise employees.Methods The 44 items big five inventory(BFI) ,knowledge sharing inventory and job burnout inventory were administrated to 635 employees online.Results ( 1 ) Agreeableness had a significant main effect on knowledge sharing ( β =0.135, P＜0.01); (2)Cynicism( β = -0.140, P＜0.01) and reduced personal accomplishment( β = -0.125, P＜0.01 ) had a significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior and its two dimensions; (3) Job burnout partially mediated the relationship between agreeableness and knowledge sharing behavior(P＜0.01).Conclusion Enterprise employees' personality had different effects on knowledge sharing behavior,and job burnout was an important mediating role in the relationship above.

Wrist-ankle acupuncture is a type of special acupuncture therapy, featured by simple operation, swift efficiency, and few adverse effects. In the recent years, ankle-wrist acupuncture has become more and more popularized in clinic. By retrieving the relevant medical literatures from VIP, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases, this manuscript was to analyze the history of wrist-ankle acupuncture and to review it from both mechanism and clinical reports. Meanwhile, this article also pointed out the existing problems in the research of wrist-ankle acupuncture during the recent years, and expected further standardization and studies.

Inhibition of tumor neovascularization (angiogenesis) has become one of the novel therapeutic strategies for tumor, and natural inhibitor of angiogenesis has been highlighted in this field. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), as an important extracellular matrix component which can influence endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, is reported to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo. It will be valuable to use its active peptides or small fragments from TSP-1 in antiangiogenesis therapy.

The afferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) were studied with retrograde transport method of using horseradish peroxidase (HRP).A microinjected syringe needle or microelectrophoretic pipette was inserted into the brain in the vertical, inclined through cerebellum or inclined through cerebral cortex medially.The results were as follows:Following HRP injection into the IPN, labeled neurons were found in medial habenular nuclei, lateral habenular nuclei, dorsal raphe nucleus, superior central nucleus, dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, ventro-lateral and lateral portions of periaqueductal grey matter, and locus coeruleus. In addition, labeled cells were also observed within caudal portion of accumbens nucleus and nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca).Following HRP injection into the lateral, ventral (or ventrolateral) and dorsal portions of the IPN, labeled cells were found in ipslateral medial habenular nucleus,medial regions of the bilateral medial habenular nuclei, and lateral regions of the bilateral medial habenular nuclei, respectively.After injection into the rostral or caudal pole of the IPN, no labeled cells were observed in bilateral medial habenular nuclei.Following injection of HRP into the caudal pole of the IPN, labeled neurons were observed within both sides of lateral habehular nucleus, dorsolateral tegmental nucleus and ventromedial portion of dorsal tegmental nucleus.No labeled neurons were observed in the ventral (deep) tegmental nucleus,premamillary nucleus, supramamillary nucleus and parabigeminal nucleus except in the cases in which the HRP injection site extended beyond the IPN.

Afferent connections to the nucleus tegmenti dorsalis were studied by means of retrograde axonal transport method of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was depositted stereotaxically via three approaches: vertical, oblique through the cerebellum or oblique through the cerebrum. The serial sections were treated by 3,3'-diamino-benzidine, benzidine dihydrochloride, diaminobenzidine-cobalt dichloride or tetrame-thylbenzidine respectively.Labeled neurons were observed in following nuclei: nucleus lateralis habenulae,nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus mammillaris lateralis, nucleus posterior hypothalami, nucleus lateralis hypothalami, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, nucleus dorsalis raphes, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, nucleus parafascicularis and nucleus of Darkschewitsch.Then HRP was introduced into nucleus parafascicularis or nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, labeled terminals were also observed within the nucleus tegmenti dorselis.

The aim of this study is to clone the mouse T-bet promoter and enhancer, construct and identify the firefly luciferase reporter gene plasmid pGL4.10-TBX21pr-CNS for T-bet transcription regulation study and its function in signaling of multiple sclerosis. The promoter and CNS of T-bet were predicted by bioinformatics assay. The predicted fragment of mouse T-bet promoter plus CNS was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGL4.10. The recombinant plasmid pGL4.10-TBX21pr-CNS was transferred into Escherichia coli DH5α. The positive clone was identified by double digestion with Kpn I and Sfi I and DNA sequencing. Finally, pGL4.10-TBX21pr-CNS was cotransfected with pRL-TK into 293T cells and Jurkat cells, pRL-TK and pGL4.10 as a control. The luciferase activity in 293T cells (P = 0.012 2) and Jurkat cells (P = 0.002 2) was higher than that of the control group. A fragment of 1 028 bp mouse T-bet promoter plus 1 308 bp CNS was successfully cloned and the firefly luciferase reporter gene plasmid pGL4.10-TBX21pr-CNS was constructed. In 293T cells and Jurkat cells, pGL4.10-TBX21pr-CNS has the promoter functions. This work offers a basic material for the research of T-bet transcription.
Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors ; Luciferases ; Mice ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate edaravane in prevention of restenosis in rat common catery arteries balloon angioplasty and the possible mechanism of this process. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: treatment group (whose intima was injured by balloon and was given edaravone 3 mg/kg by peritoneal injection, bid) and control group (whose intima was injured by ballon and was given the same volume NS as edaravone). 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after angioplasty, rats were killed and the local arteries were sectioned for analysis of pathological morphology and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Small amounts of smooth muscle cell appeared at the intima of blood vessel 3 days after the artery injured by balloon. Consecutive intima was formed 7 days after artery injury. The intima was even or uneven thickened and the lumen of artery was significant stenosed 14 and 28 days afterwards. In the control group, the intimal area reached (0.240±0.043) mm2, the intima hyperplasy index were 0.52±0.06, stenosis ratio were 30%±9% 14 days afterwards. The intimal area were (0.420±0.063 )mm2, the intima hyperplasy index were 0.67± 0.07, stenosis ratio were 54%±9% on day 28. In the treatment group, the intimal area were (0.063± 0.025)mm2, the intima hyperplasy index were 0.24±0.07, stenosis ratio were 8%±3% after 14 days. The intimal area were (0.116±0.023) mm2, the intima hyperplasy index were 0.38±0.05, stenosis ratio were 16%±4% after 28 days. Compared with control group at the same time, the intimal area (F values were 50.488 and 81.119 respectively, P < 0.05 ), the intima hyperplasy index ( F values were 41.743 and 48.122 respectively, P<0.05) and stenosis ratio (F values were 24.221 and 81.119 respectively, P< 0.05) were decreased in treatment group. The expressions of MMP-2 raised after balloon injury. In control group, the expressions of MMP-2 were 27.16%±7.15% after 3 days, 22.59%±6.68% after 7 days, 18.85%±4.91% after 14 days. In the treatment group, it decreased to 15.57%±3.62% after 3 days, 12.91%±1.88% after 7 days. Compared with control group, the expressions of MMP-2 in treatment group were lower after 3 days and 7 days ( F = 8.359, P = 0.028 and F = 7.781, P = 0.032 ). Conclusions Edaravone can prevent restenosis in rat common catery after balloon angioplasty. The possible mechanism is that edaravone can inhibit the expressions of MMP-2 in this process.

Objective To explore the clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of frontal lobe ep- ilepsy(FLE).Methods The clinical and electroencephalographic data of 80 patients with FLE were analyzed.Re- suits The seizure types of frontal lobe epilepsy were simple focal seizure-complex focal seizure and secondary gen- eral tonic.clonic seizure.Seizures were often exhibited in relatively short duration,hyper motor,tonic or postural.Fre- quent nocturnal attacks and slight postictal mental confusion was increased.Interictal EEG manifested sharps or spikes or slow wave in the frontal area.Ictal EEG showed paroxysm rhythms.Conclusion FLE is a distinct epilepsy syndrome.