Objective:To design a software to read and display CT and RT structure and draw a new contour without treatment planning system (TPS).Methods: In order to display the contour information drawn by doctors, the first step was to match CT images and RT structure then the same screen rendering of CT and RT structures could be applied. In order to add contour in RT structure obtaining the coordinates interactively, connecting coordinate points were the essential steps. Then a unique identity was given in the area of that contour to ensure its unique results. Results: The software successfully read and displayed CT and RT structures and drew a new contour without TPS.Conclusion: In this study, the software establishes a basis to improve the precision of the radiotherapy dose.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of three types of drainage in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods 84 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were selected,40 cases were treated with bridge drainage,24 cases were undergone percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD) and 20 cases were treated with Roux-En-Y anastomosis.The changes of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were detected 1,3,7 and 14 days after operation.Results The total bilirubin and direct bilirubin after 1,3,7 and 14 days had significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment(P ＜0.05),the decline rates in bridge drainage group were faster than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The three types of drainage for treating malignant obstructive jaundice have exact effect,and the bridge drainage can reduce the bilirubin to lower levels more quickly than the other two methods.

Apoptosis ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism

Endocrine Disruptors ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; Humans ; Obesity ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND: It is well known that central noradrenergic system takes part in learning and memory, but there are a few researches focused on the effects of impairing the central noradrenergic system on rat' s P3-like cognitive potential.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of impairing the central noradrenergic system on rat's P3-like cognitive potential.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of physiology in a medical college of a university.MATERIALS: Totally 30 male SD rats, clean degree, weighing from 500 to 600 g, were selected from the Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen Medical University(certificate: 26-99A018), drank freely and fed timely under the normal condition. After Y-maze test of all the rats, 24 rats with normal learning and memory function, which met the criteria specified in the description of Y-maze test, were randomly divided into three groups(8 rats in each group): control group, 6-oxidopamine (6-OHDA) injection group and saline control group.INTERVENTIONS: The models of central norndrenergic system impairment were made by injecting 6-hydroxysopamine(6-OHDA) into the bilateral dorsal noradrenergic bundle in dentate granule(DG). Then Y-type maze test and elicitation of P3-likewere carried out respectively before and after the models were built.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome: P3-like latency, total reaction time(TRT) and error number(EN). Secondary outcome: Results of P3-like test recorded in the 12 days after the models were built.RESULTS: As compared with the controls, the model rats' P3-like latency and total reaction time(TRT) prolonged and error number(EN) increased statistically ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Central NE takes part in the activities of learning and memory and plays a certain role in the production and integration of P3 -like.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of gastroesophageal devasculariztion on cirrhotic portal hypertensive bleeding.MethodsClinical data of 85 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertentsive bleeding undergoing gastroesophageal devascularization were retrospectively analyzed. Results The following-up rate was 78％. The 1-yr,3-yr and 5-yr survival rate was 95％, 88％and 82％respectively.There was significant difference in survival time after devascularization between patients of Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B.For the whole group the 1-yr,3-yr and 5-yr recurrent bleeding rate was 6％,16％ and 28％ and postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was 7％.ALT,AST and ALB recovered to pre-operative level on post-operative day 7.ConclusionsGastroesophageal devascularization was an effective therapy in treating portal hypertensive variceal bleeding.Liver function remains a significant factor influencing long term survival.

Objective To investigate the differences of platelet membrane glycoprotein PAC-1 and CD62P expression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and its subtype and large artery atherosclerotic stroke and to compare the traditional platelet activation markers and inflammatory chemokine platelet factor 4(PF4).Methods Peripheral blood platelet PAC-1,CD62P positive rates and serum PF4 concentration in 30 patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke,45 patients with cerebral small vessel disease and 30 controls were detected using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The differences between the groups were compared.Results The PAC-1,CD62P positive rates and serum PF4 concentration in the large artery atherosclerotic stroke group were 63.21% ± 9.78%,55.91% ± 8.17%,and 30.55 ± 15.56 ng/ml,respectively.They were significantly higher than 40.65% ± 17.42%,36.49% ± 14.60%,and 12.59 ±5.57 ng/mlin the cerebral small vessel disease group(all P=0.000),and the latter was still higher than 13.55% ± 3.14%,9.00% ± 2.32%,and 4.95 ±2.82 ng/ml in the control group(all P = 0.000).There were significant differences in all the subtypes groups of cerebral small vessel disease between the PAC-1,CD62P positive rates and serum PF4 concentration.The leukoaraiosis with lacunar infarction group(n = 15;47.72% ±15.52%,43.75% ± 12.54%,and 13.96 ± 5.23 ng/ml)and the simple lacunar infarction group (n = 15;49.87% ± 14.65%,43.98% ± 10.55%,and 14.41 ± 5.53 ng/ml)was significantly higher than the simple lacmar infarction group(n = 15;24.44% ± 8.45%,21.74% ± 7.19%,and 9.40 ±4.99 ng/ml)(P =0.000,0.000,and 0.013,respectively).There was no significant difference between the forrner 2 groups(P = 0.658,0.952,and 0.858,respectively).The peripheral blood platelet PAC-1 positive rate had significant correlation with CD62P positive rate in patients with ischemic cerebral disease(r= 0.964,P= 0.000),and the serum PF4 concentration showed linier correlation with the PAC-1(r =0.846,P =0.000)and CD62P(r =0.857,P =0.000)positive rates.Conelusions The platelet membrane glycoprotein PAC-1 and CD62P expression showed linear correlation,and they were consistent with the changes of PF4 concentration.This sugested that platelet activation and its mediated inflammatory mechanisms played an important pathophysiological role in the processes of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.This mechanism had significant difference between the different lesion types.

Histological variants of papillary carcinoma are numerous,and most variants have the same clinical behavior with classical PTC.Howwver prognosis of a few variants are poor,such as Tall cell variant,Columnar cell variant,Solid/Trabecular variant etc.There are some controversy in the diagnosis of some variants.For example,Follicular variant is easily misdiagnosed as Follicular adenoma,Clear cell variant ma y beconfused with Renal cell carcinoma.Moreover,there are some divergences about proportion of cell and cell height in diagnosis of Tall cell variant,and so on.