With the development of the dialysis technology,the survival time of patients with chronic renal failure is prolonged,while more complications which affect the quality of life or even threat the life of patients are followed.Secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)with a certain incidence and mortality is one of the common complications,and its main characteristic performances ale hyperphosphatemia,hypocalcemia and high level of parathyroid hormone.Most patients Can be cured by the treatment of medicine while surgical treatment is still required by some cases in which the disorder of the parathyroid function can not be well regulated through medicine treatment.The purpose of this paper is to make a review of the recent studies of surgical treatment in patients with SHPT.

Coronary Disease ; Humans ; Smoking

Toll-like receptors is a super-family of pathogen recognition-receptors discovered in recent years.During the process of ischemia-reperfusion, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) combines with lipopolysaccharide and many endogenous ligands such as high mobility group protein B1, heparan sulfate, and fibrinogen. Through the myeloid differentiation protein 88 -dependent and -independent signaling pathways, the products induce the release of inflammatory cytokine-mediated inflammatory response, leading to injuries. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, by inhibiting the signal pathway activation and target gene expression of TLR4, can influence the function of many immune cells and regulate the body's inflammatory response and immune function. This article reviews the function of TLR4 during ischemia-reperfusion injury and the possible interventional role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS:10 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive oral single dose of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets.Plasma concentrations of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol were measured by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by 3p97 software.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol all fitted one compartment open model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol were as follows:t1/2Ka were(0.23?0.16)h and(0.64?0.60)h,t1/2ke were(2.12?0.78)h and(5.48?2.90)h,tmax were(0.90?0.43)h and(1.88?1.12)h,Cmax were(9.37?2.56)?g?mL-1 and(115.27?98.88)ng?mL-1,CL/F(s) were(24.52?7.12)L?h-1 and(0.15?0.08)L?h-1,AUC0～t were(30.38?7.47)?g?h?mL-1 and(598.36?232.14)ng?h?mL-1,AUC0～∞ were(33.02?9.15)?g?h?mL-1 and(800.12?420.92)ng?h?mL-1,MRT0～t were(3.75?1.41)h and(5.46?1.64)h,MRT0～∞ were(5.24?2.92)h and(9.86?6.00)h,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study provided a basis for clinical application of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets.

Objective To study the clinical and MRI features of central pontine myelinolysis(CPM).Methods The MRI findings of 11 cases with central pontine myelinolysis verified by clinic and imagings were analyzed.Results There were history of drink wine long term in 7 cases,undernourishment in 4 cases,low-blood-sodium in 10 cases.Long T 1 and T 2 signal intensity was showed on MR in central pontine,focus presented under cortex cerebri and in nucleus basalis area in 4 cases.3 cases enhanced around focus,2 cases enhanced in center and 4 cases no enhanced on postcontrast MRI.Conclusion There are characteristic MRI features in central pontine myelinolysis,it is not difficult to diagnoses CPM in early stage if its clinical manifestations and testing treatment with hormone is associated with MRI features.

With the development of chemical analysis technology and data processing technology,metabonomics has become the important method in functional genomics study.In this paper,the definition and advangtages of metabonomics are provided.The implication of metabolomics in pharmacology are summarized and future perspectives are discussed.

Carbamazepine ( CBZ ) serum and salivary concentration and toxic and side reactions were studied in 60 epilepsy patients. The propriate CBZ serum concentration was l7~38?mol/L, salivary concentration was 4~13?mol/L. The toxic and side reactions were correlated with serum level, there were different toxic symptoms when CBZ levels were in therapeutic range. When CBZ serum concen tration was higher than 38~51 ?mol/L, salivary concentration was higher than 14.8~17 ?mol/L, the toxic and side reactions were significant increased in our test patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacokinetic parameters of melatonin tablet in beagle dogs.METHODS:A single oral dose of3mg melatonin tablet was given to6beagle dogs,drug concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC method,the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by3P97pharmacokinetic program.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of melatonin fitted two compartment model in the beagle dogs.The t 1/2Ka 、t 1/2Ke 、t max 、C max 、CL and AUC (0～T) were(0.16?0.10)h、(1.21?0.52)h、(0.50?0.18)h、(11.27?3.77)ng/ml、(0.13?0.04)L/h and(25.23?7.71)(ng?h)/ml re-spectively.CONCLUSION:It is rapid to absorb melatonin and initiate sleep in beagle dogs,but it's hold-time is short.

Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review, the recent research progress in the roles of MCs, in the body defence against bacterial and viral infection, in pathogen recognition mechanisms and in inflammatory mediator release are discussed.