OBJECTIVETo verify the optimal cut-off points for overweight and obesity in Chinese adults based on the relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) to all-cause mortality, and incidence of cardiovascular diseases from pooled data of Chinese cohorts.

METHODSThe prospective study data of existing cohort studies in China were collected, and the age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI were estimated. The similar analysis was repeated after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and after excluding smokers. The incidence of age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke stratified by BMI were also analyzed. Multiple Cox regression coefficients of BMI for the incidence of CHD and stroke after controlling other risk factors were pooled utilizing the methods of weighting by inverse of variance to reveal whether BMI had independent effect and its strength on the incidence of CHD and stroke.

RESULTSThe data of 4 cohorts including 76,227 persons, with 745,346 person-years of follow-up were collected and analyzed. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI showed a U-shaped curve, even after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and excluding smokers. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality increased when BMI was lower than 18.5 and higher than 28. The incidence of CHD and stroke, especially ishemic stroke increased with increasing BMI, this was consistent with parallel increasing of risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for both CHD and stroke. Each amount of 2 kg/m2 increase in baseline BMI might cause 15.4%, 6.1% and 18.8% increase in relative risk of CHD, total stroke and ischemic stroke. Reduction of BMI to under 24 might prevent the incidence of CHD by 11% and that of stroke by 15% for men, and 22% of both diseases for women.

CONCLUSIONBMI < or = 18.5, 24-27.9 and > or = 28 (kg/m2) is the appropriate cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obesity in Chinese adults.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality

Objective To investigate the usage of antibiotics in pediatrics patients in Changchun,and detect the bacterial drug resistance of main pathogens for direction of the appropriate clinical choice of drug antibiotics.Methods A total of 900 cases of infectious patients were retrospectively investigated in antibiotic usage in the ⅢA hospital in Changchun from January 2003 to November 2005 and the data were statistics analyzed.The bacterium were isolated from all kinds of specimen of children in hospital patients from December 2004 to November 2005,according to the method of "Clinical Medicine Test Handbook".All bacterial isolated from bacterial susceptibility tes-(ting) was done with Kirby-Bauey method.Tests were performed according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS)(2004).Results Antibiotics were administered in all of the cases.Four categories and 11 kinds of antibiotics were used.Usage of the first six antibiotics were as followed: ceftezole(22.3%),cefoperazone-sulbactam(21.6%),amoxicillin clavulanic acid((19.6%),)penicilin(17.2%),azithromycin(16.40%),oxacillin(10.1%).The rate of antibiotic use was 60.6% for solo use,70.7% for bigeminy use,81.7% for intravenously guttae,18.3% for peroral administration.Eight hundred and eighteen strains of pathogens were isolated.Gram-positive coccus,gram-negative accounted for 48.0% and 52.0%,respectively.All bacterium isolated showed a high resistance against penicillins and cephalosporins.Drug resistance rate of Gram-positive bacteria to penicillin was more than 50.0%,CNS,S.aureus,E.faecalis and S.pneumonic to erythromycin and cphalosporins was over 71.4% and 35.7%.The antibiotic remaining the most active against Gram-positive bacteria was vancomycin.The drug resistance rate against imipenem and ciprofloxacin were lower than(25.0%.)The antibiotic resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin,cephalosporins and aztreonam were more than 83.0%,(40.0%) and 32.0%,to piperacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were morn than 68.9%,except P.aeruginosa(33.3%).The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria was imipenem(

Objective To discuss the clinical application of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Methods A total of 26 patients with pathologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of tongue were enrolled in this study. Using Seldinger technique, lingual artery angiography and TACE were carried out in all patients. Radical resection of tongue cancer was performed in 2-3 weeks after TACE. Results Super-selective catheterization and TACE was successfully accomplished in all patients. After TACE the tumor size was significantly decreased in all patients. During the operation, clear lesion's border was observed, and the amount of blood loss was less than usual. Conclusion For the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, preoperative superselective TACE is safe and effective;it can increase the opportunity of surgical resection, reduce the surgical damage, and improve the quality of life as well as the survival rate.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)will become reactive in non-active HBsAg carriers when they are in the immunosuppression status,which is often caused by cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy or immunosuppressants.Liver damage will be induced in such patients and even liver failure in some patients.Nucleoside analogues could be used in early phase as prophylaxis for reactivation of hepatitis B in immunosuppression and to improve clinical prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclopentolate cycloplegic on the refraction measurement in adult guinea pigs. Design Experimental study.Participants 24 eyes of 12(10 weeks) adult guinea pigs.Methods 12 animals were randomly examined thrice by streak retinoscopy pre and post mydriasis.1%cyclopentolate hydrochloride was topically administrated to the eye every five minutes for three times.Main Outcome Measures The eye refraction of guinea pigs included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power.Results The average refraction of guinea pigs in pre-mydriasis and post-mydriasis were 1.92?0.79 D and 2.08?0.79 D respectively. The average refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power all showed no significant difference between pre and post mydriasis.The effect of mydriasis and measure time points on the refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent scope showed no significant difference either.Conclusions The effect of 1%cyclopentolate cycloplegic on adult guinea pigs in refraction is limited.The refraction of adult guinea pig can be measured naturally without cyclopentolate cycloplegic administrated.

PI3K/Akt pathway is a biological signal transduction pathway activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).It plays a key role in cell proliferation,cell-cycle regulation,apoptosis initiation,and angiogenesis.In addition,the PI3K/Akt pathway is closely associated with the protection mechanisms of central nervous system damage.In-depth study of PI3K/Akt,downstream molecules and their regulation mechanisms,can provide some new ideas and methods for the treatment of brain injury.

Nitrogen mustard encapsulated with liposomes was administered to the rabbits with acute experimental serum sickness(AESS). Then the serum levels of anti-BSA antibodies and circulating; immune complex(CIC), CH50, and WBC count were determined. The ACPase activity of spleen macrophages was measured. And the sections of renal tissues, after HE-stained, were studied for the accumulation of CIC and the pathological changes. It was found that liposome-encapsulated nitrogen mustard can increase the macrophage activity and in turn aggravate the renal damages of AESS rabbits.The results suggest that the renal damages of AESS rabbits can immunopatholo-gically be attributed to the increased activity of macrophages.