Objective:To investigate the proper method for treating traumatic chyloperitoneum. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 4 cases of traumatic chyloperi- toneum admitted to our hospital in recent 26 years. Results: All 4 cases were cured after conserva- tive treatment. Conclusion: Perdominantly integrated therapy including absolute diet,total parrenter- al nutrition(TPN) and abdominal cavity drainage can be the effective method for the treatment of trau- matic chyloperitoneum.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of nonthermal plasma (NTP) combined with X-ray irradiation on human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.Methods By subcutaneous inoculation, tumor models of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 in nude mice were established, and these mice were divided into control group, NTP treatment group, X-ray irradiation group, combined treatment group.The changes of tumor microenvironment were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine the level of neuronal apoptosis in tumor tissues.The expression of metal matrix proteinase-2 (MMP-2) was detected by immunohistochemical assay.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe cell structure changes.Results The final tumor volumes of control group, NTP treatment group, X-ray irradiation group, combined treatment group were (543.96±108.45), (436.54±65.49), (351.66±56.68), (281.97±35.60)mm3, with a statistically significant difference (F=9.63, P=0.01), and the difference between X-ray radiation group and the combination treatment group was significant (P=0.05).HE staining showed that there was a larger area of necrosis in the combined treatment group compared with the other groups.TUNEL showed that the apoptotic indexes were (0.95±0.13)%, (5.82±0.26)%, (7.53±0.43)%, (11.07±0.35)% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (F=547.76, P=0.00), and the difference between X-ray radiation group and the combination treatment group was statistically significant (P=0.00).The immune scores of each group were 12, 9, 9, 2.Electron microscopic observation showed that there were more apoptotic bodies in the combined treatment group than those in the other groups, accompanied by mitochondrial edema.Conclusion NTP and X-ray irradiation therapy in the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice model has a synergistic effect.Probably, it can be a new type of treatment in curing cancers.

BACKGROUND: The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1al pha (HIF-1α), is the key regulator that controls the hypoxic response of mammalian cells. However, the role of HIF-1α in the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSC) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HIF-α on the susceptibility of OSC cell lines against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. DESIGN: AN observational comparative experiment. SETTING: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University. MATERIALS: OSC-2, OSC-4, OSC-5, and OSC-6 cell lines were estab lished from oral squamous cell carcinoma (The cell lines were from the De partment of Oral Oncology, Kochi Medical School, Japan). METHODS: The experiments were completed in Beijing Chaoyang Hospi tal affiliated to Capital Medical University from September 2004 to August 2006. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin. ① Total cell lysates were extracted from untreated OSC cells and those treated with 30 Gy γ-rays, 100 μmol/L cis-dichlorodiamine plat inum (CDDP), or 100 μmol/L 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The expressions of HIF-1α protein and mRNA were determined with western blotting analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ② Inhibition of cell prolif eration after different interventions: OSC cells were seeded in 96-well mi croplates (1.0×104) and cultured for 48 hours after the irradiation with 30 Gy γ-rays or in the presence of 100 μmol/L CDDP or 100 mmol/L 5-FU, and then the inhibition of cell proliferation was detected with 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ③ Apoptosis after different interventions: OSC cell lines were cultured for 24 hours after the irradiation with 30 Gy γ-rays or in the presence of 100 μmol/L CDDP or 100 μmol/L 5-FU. The cells were then stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, and the numbers of apoptotic cells were analyzed by a FACScan cytometer (only for the OSC cells treated with γ-rays and CDDP). ④ Plasmid construction and transfection: Human HIF 1α cDNA was cloned into the pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO expression vector. OSC-2 cells were temporarily transfected with HIF-1α cDNA. OSC-5 cells were temporarily transfected with HIF-1α siRNA (Sense sequence is 5' CUGAUGACCAGCAACUUGAtt 3'). The blank control group was also set, the inhibition of cell proliferation was observed, and the apoptosis was ana lyzed (only in the CDDP-treated group) by using the methods mentioned above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expressions of HIF-1α protein and mRNA in different OSC cell lines; ② Inhibition of proliferation and the apoptosis of OSC cell lines after different interventions; ③ Overexpression and knockdown of HIF-1α by expression vector and siRNA; ④ Influence of overexpression and knockdown of HIF-1α on the susceptibility of OSC cell lines against γ-rays and chemotherapeutic drugs. RESULTS: ① Expressions of HIF-1α protein and mRNA in different OSC cell lines: The relative expression levels of HIF-1α mRNA were 1.0, 2.2, 4.3 and 4.0 in OSC-2, OSC-4, OSC-5 and OSC-6 cells, respectively. Simi larly, the expression of HIF-1α total cell lysates proteins and nuclear proteins were much lower in OSC-2 and OSC-4 cells than in OSC-5 and OSC6 cells. ② Inhibition of proliferation and the apoptosis in OSC cell lines after different interventions: After the treatment with g-rays, CDDP, and 5-FU, the cell numbers decreased obviously to (39.5±3.2)%, (39.2±1.2)%,and(47.9±3.6)% in OSC-2 cells, (53.9±6.6)%, (54.3±1.4)%, (54.8±3.8)%in OSC-4 cells. Those decreased to (74.1±3.8)%, (76.5±9.1)%, (69.6±7.7)%in OSC-5 cells and (71.4±7.4)%, (84.4±8.8)%, (82.0±4.5)% in OSC-6 cells.After the OSC cells were treated of with CDDP, the numbers of apoptotic cells were (50.9±1.3)%, (67.3±2.2)%, (12.2±0.8)% and (38.6±0.9)% in OSC-2, OSC-4, OSC-5 and OSC-6 cells. G-rays induced the apoptosis were (21.2±1.1)%, (14.6±0.9)%, (9.7±1.0)% and (10.4±0.8)% in OSC-2, OSC-4,OSC-5 and OSC-6 cells. ③ Inhibition of proliferation and the apoptosis in the transfected cell after different interventions: The cell numbers of HIF-1 α-transfected OSC-2 cells treated with γ-rays, CDDP and 5-FU were much more than those in the control group (t=-4.693 ,-8.617,-6.721, P ＜ 0.01),whereas the cell numbers of OSC-5 cells transfected with siRNA were obviously fewer than those in the control group (t=5.800, 5.595, 4.253, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). After the incubation of HIF-1α-transfected OSC-2 cells with CDDP for 24 hours, apoptosis was detected in (34.0±1.9)% of the cells, which was lower than that in the control group [(49.6±3.4)%, t=6.937, P ＜ 0.01]. After the incubation of HIF-1α siRNA transfected OSC-5 cells with CDDP for 24hours, apoptosis was detected in (27.7±2.3)% of the HIF-1α siRNA transfected OSC-5 cells, which was obviously higher than that in the blank control group [(11.4±2.1)%, t=-8.941, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The expression level of HIF-1α correlates negatively with the susceptibility of OSC cells against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. The down-regulation of HIF-1α expression enhances the susceptibility of OSC cells against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. Therefore, the down-regulation of HIF-1α may be a potentially effective strategy for cancer treatment.

Objective To study the influence of splenectomy on the surgical efficacy in the patients with gastric cancer in the up-per and middle portion and entire stomach .Methods 86 patients with gastric cancer in the upper and middle portion and entire stomach receiving the gastric cancer D 2 radical operation in the two hospitals from April 2003 to January 2008 were selected and di-vided into the observation group(47 cases) and the control group(39 cases) .The observation group accepted the modified lymph-adenectomy with spleen-preserving ,while the control group accepted the D2 total radical gastrectomy with splenectomy .The long-term effects were compared between the two groups .Results The total hospitalization time and the occurrence rate of postoperative complications were(20 .62 ± 7 .93)d and 10 .64% in the observation group ,which were less than (27 .51 ± 12 .44)d and 30 .77% in the control group ,and the differences between the two groups showed the statistical significance (t=3 .128 ,χ2 =5 .446 ,P=0 .000) . The 5-year survival rate in different TNM stages had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion For the patients with gastric cancer in the upper and middle portion and entire stomach without spleen or splenogastric ligament metas-tasis ,the modified spleen-preserving lymphadenectomy could make the patients to get the same prognosis as the gastrectomy com-bined with splenectomy ,which reduces the occurrence rate of complications and is worth promoting clinically.

To explore the relationship between clinical findings and pathological changes of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 37 children with IgAN were undertaken clinical classification and renal-pathological comparison including glomerulus change, renal tubule-interstitial change and immunopathology. The results showed that there were 18 (49%) cases with hematuria, 14 (38%) cases with nephrotic syndrome, 3(8%) cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria, and 2 (5%) cases with nephritic syndrome in the clinical classification. 54% of cases with glomerulus changes was as class III. No significant relationship was found between clinical classification and glomerulus changes. There were 24 cases with renal-tubule interstitial changes and 7 cases with hematuria. 43% of them were classified as class I and 57% as class II.All cases with nephrotic syn-drome developed renal tubule-interstitial change. 78% (11 cases) of them were as class II and 22% (3 cases) as class III. Besides, 2 of 3 cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria and 1 of 2 cases with nephritic syndrome also manifested renal tubule-interstitial change. There were four phenotypes were observed in immunopathology including 16 cases of them as IgA, 6 cases as IgAG, 10 cases as IgAM and 5 cases as IgAGM, respectively. 66% of cases with hematuria was found as IgA and 50% of cases with nephrotic syndrome as IgAM. It is concluded that hematuria can be a main clinical finding in both of IgAN and nephrotic syndrome. Glomerulus changes is usually not correlated with clinical classification. There is a significant renal tubule-interstitial change in cases with nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria is usually as IgA and nephrotic syndrome as IgAM in immunopathology.

Neural invasion is an important invasion pathway of pancreatic cancer.New research shows that neural invasion of pancreatic cancer related genes in the sequential role effect,through the cell signal transduction,regulation of specific growth factors,adhesion molecules,matrix metallopmteinase and other related systems,then changed in the generation,resulting in the cancer cells invasion of the nerve tissue eventually.We reviewed the progress of neural invasion of pancreatic cancer in this paper.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of directed forgetting. Methods ERP was recorded from 12 healthy postgraduates while they performed a directed forgetting task based on the item-cueing method. During the study phase, each word was followed by a cue indicated that it need to be remembered, to be forgotten or just to be viewed. During the test phase, subjects were asked to make an old/new recognition response. One-way ANOVA of repeated-measurement and paired comparisons were carried out for the cue factor. Results Both of the accuracy and reaction time of the TBR group were significantly superior to those of the other two groups. No significant behavioral effect was found between the TBF group and the TBV group. In the study phase, statistical parametric mapping of ERP suggested the cue effects were presented in the frontal poles ( 200～300 ms ) and the parietal regions (300～400 ms) ,the left fronto-parietal and the right occipital region (450～700 ms). The difference between the TBF and the TBV was significant in the left parietal area (500～525 ms) and has the significant trend in the right frontal area ( 350～600 ms). In the retrieval phase, the old/new effects of ERP occurred in the left fro-nto-temporal (300～450 ms) for the TBF cue. Conclusions The TBF cue and the TBV cue have the equivalent behavioral performance. During the study period, the activation of the right frontal lobe and the left parietal suggests the active inhibition evoked by the TBF cue. And the TBR cue can enhance the rehearsal function of left hemisphere and improve the memory performance of words. The retrieval of the items of TBF is based on more familiarity and less recollection.

Objective To explore the key points of diagnosis,treatment and the reasonable surgical methods in 39 cases of pancreas trauma.Methods A retrospective review and analysis the cause and classification of injury,surgical methods of 39 cases of pancreatic trauma in the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Provinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University during Jan.1990 to Dec.2011.Results In the 39 patients who underwent surgery,38 patients were cured,1 dead duing to craniocerebral injuries,3 patients with complications of pancreatic leakage cured after adequate drainage.Two patients with pancreatic pseudocyst pancreatic pseudocystcyst cured after pancreatic pseudocyst jejunum anastomosis.One patients with traumatic pancreatitis cured after conservative treatment.Conclusions Blunt injury is the most common cause of pancreas trauma.Imaging examination has high value in the early diagnosis of pancreas trauma.The reasonable surgical methods and careful examination during operation can improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality and incidence of complications of pancreatic trauma.If the patient's condition allowed,endoscopy not only contributes to the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma,but is an effective method for treatment of it.

Increasing clinical evidence shows that modern lifestyle interrupting circadian rhythm contributes to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes.Recent genetic animal models further support the interaction of circadian rhythms and metabolic state.Circadian clock is not limited to be in central nervous system,and is also present in nearly all cells of the body,which constitute hierarchically circadian systems.The molecular circadian clock is evolved to allow organisms to anticipate and prepared for predictable,daily changes in the environment and regulates cellular and tissue function by driving patterns of gene expression and enzymatic activity.At present,basic science in this field has progressed at an extraordinary pace and is expected to continue unraveling the mechanisms linking circadian clocks to metabolism,which is important for understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes,and provides a conceptual basis for the prevention and therapeutics of these diseases.

Recent clinical studies have shown that collagen peptides may reduce joint pain and the dependence on analgesics,and enhance sport ability in athletes.Therefore,collagen peptides may be a safe nutrient supplement for prevention and mitigation of joint pain in athletes.