ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of T helper (Th) 17 cells and the related interleukin 17 (IL-17) in acute renal allograft rejection in mice and its significance.Methods We established a mouse renal allograft model,in which mice were randomly divided into a renal isograft group and an acute renal allograft rejection group.Three and 7 d after the transplantation,the serum interferon (IFN)-γand IL-17 levels in the mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells in the total kidney-infiltrating lymphocytes was investigated by flow cytometry,and the transplanted kidney species were given routine pathological examination after fixation with 10％ formalin.ResultsCompared with the isograft group,the allograft mice showed a significantly higher content of IL-17 (P ＜0.05 ) but not IFN-γ in the serum 3 d after transplantation,and showed significantly higher serum IL-17 and IFN-γcontents 7 d after transplantation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Also,compared with the isograft group,the allograft mice exhibited significantly higher percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells on both day 3 and day 7 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In the allograft group,the contents of serum IFN-γand IL-17 and the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells were significantly higher on day 7 than on day 3 (P ＜ 0.05 ).Routine pathological examination indicated that,as time passed,the allograft mice showed gradually stronger rejection responses.ConclusionTh17 cells might play an important role in the development of acute renal allograft rejection,and IL-17 can be used as an early indicator of acute rejection.

17.1?mol/L).

Objective To study the efficacy of emergency orthotopic liver transplantation(EOLT) for acute(hepatic) failure(ALT).Methods A retrospective review was undertaken on the clinical data of 8 patients undergoing emergency liver transplantation for ALT.Results The 8 patients completely regained consciousness in 12 to 72 hours after operation.No case developed central nervous complications.One case of severe(hepatitis) complicated by acute renal failure died of respiratory infection and ARDS on postoperative day 7.One case who refused to take medication died from chronic rejection 12 months after operation.One case was(complicated) by bile duct stricture and biliary sludge at 14 months postoperatively and survived for 18 months.Four of the other 5 cases were followed up for 17 months and 1 cases for 14 months,and thir quality of life was excellent.3 of them have returned to work.Conclusions Emergency orthotopic liver thansplantation is an effective means to treat ALF.Intensive care and effective treatment preoperatively are pre-requisite(conditions) to ensure the success of EOLT.

Objective To discuss the method and effect of large renal staghorn calculi by anatrophic nephrolithotomy (AN).Methods Fifty-two patients with large renal staghom calculi underwent AN.Bilateral renal calculi disease was present in 3 patients,so that a number of 55 procedures were operated.Preoperative evaluation included urinalysis,urine culture,renal function,and ultragound,CT,KUB and IVU.A flank incision was between the 11th and 12th ribs and the kidney was freed.After interrupted renal pedicle in situ hypothermia,the renal parenchyma incision was made along the avascular plane which is outside in the back of the kidney.The collecting system was opened.The calculi were removed.The collecting system was reconstructed.The renal parenchyma was closed and the renal circulation was reestablished.The protected management of renal function was made intraoperative.Postoperative follow-up consisted of urinalysis,renal function,ultrasound,KUB,IVU and ECT.Results The operative time was (117±45) minutes.The renal ischemia time WaS (29±15)minutes.Five cases underwent blood transfusion.Mean amount of blood transfusion was 230 ml.Four cases had remained calculi.The stone-free rate was 92.3%.No recent complication occurred after operation.Postoperative follow-up indicated that renal function was normal.Conclusions AN is the most appropriate method for patients with large renal staghorn calculi because of the highest stone-free rate,the lowest stone-recurred rate and a safe and effective operative procedure with less complication.Renal function damages just little through a series of protected management.Nephrectomy is avoided to part of patients.

Objective To study the relationship between X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression and transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) development. Methods Forty-three TCC tissues and 12 normal transitional epithelial tissues were applied to detect XIAP expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. The data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS11.5 according to the 2 groups (TCC and normal transitional epithelial) as well as the dif-ferent subgroups (tumor stage, grade, single or multiple tumor, primary or recurrence tumor). Results XIAP expression in TCC tissues was higher than in normal transitional epithelial tissues(im-munohistochemistry: 22±5 and 16±2, Western blot:1.21±0. 15 and 0. 61±0.24, mRNA: 1.17± 0. 30 and 0. 75±0. 17, P<0. 05). In the bladder tumors group, XIAP expression in recurrence tumors was higher than in primary tumors(immunohistochemistry: 24±3 and 20±3, Western blot: 1.66±0.28 and 1.10±0. 23, mRNA: 1.44±0. 27 and 1.05±0. 23, P<0. 05). However, there were no significant differences according to the tumor stage and tumor grade as well as tumor multi-plicity or not. Conclusion XIAP expression might serve as a biomarker in TCC diagnosis and recur-rence prediction.

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic results and the safety of nephronsparing surgery(NSS) for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 243 NSSfor renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analysed. Of them, 159 were males and 84 were femaleswith average age of 58 years (range from 24 ?77 years). The average tumor size was 3. 4 cm (rangefrom 1.1 to 6. 7 cm). Three cases were solitary renal cell carcinoma, 11 were bilateral renal cell carcinoma; 237 cases were in stage T_(1a). and 6 cases were in stage T_(1b). No lymph node and distant metastasis, no renal vein cancer tumor embolus and inferior vena cava tumor embolus was found. Postoperative follow-up was carried out by ultrasound, CT and renal function. Cancer specific survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results After a mean 31 months (1-147months) follow-up, long-term follow-up data were obtained in 232 cases because the other 11 did notlive in Dalian, 52 were treated with interferon. Four of the 232 patients treated with NSS had died:1died from lung cancer 16 months after lung cancer treatment, the other 3 died from cardiovascular diseases. The total survival rate and cancer specific survival rate were 98. 3% and 100. 0%, respectively.Local tumor recurrences were detected in 5 patients and tumor metastasis was detected in 1 patient.The recurrence rate was 2. 2%, and the metastasis rate was 0. 4%. The complications included temporary renal failure and urine leakage. The complication rate was 5. 6%. Conclusions NSS for renalcell carcinoma is a safe and feasible treatment option. It has the advantages of low local recurrence,good long-term survival rate and low complication rate. NSS can maximally reserve functional nephron, reduce the risk of chronic renal failure, preserve patient's quality of life and increase patient'ssatisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of T helper cell 17(Th17) cells and their cytokines IL-17 in heart allograft rejection in mice. METHODS: The heart transplantation models were randomly divided into 2 groups: a allograft group (n=12) and an isograft group (n=12).On the post-operative day (POD) 3 and 7, serum IL-17 level was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th17 cells in heart grafts were measured by flow cytometry. The heart grafts were harvested and saved in 10% formalin, and then embedded in paraffin. RESULTS: Compared with the iso-graft group, the allograft group had a higher serum level of IL-17 on POD3 and POD7 (P<0.05), and the level of IL-17 was higher on POD7 than that on POD3 (P<0.05). The allograft group had more Th17 cells infiltrating in grafts on POD3 and POD7 (P<0.05) and there were more Th17 cells infiltrating on POD7 than that on POD3 (P<0.05). Histological examination showed that the prolongation of post transplantation time resulted in more rejection pathological changes. CONCLUSION Th17 cells may play an important role in the development of heart transplant rejection. IL-17 may serve as a predictive parameter for allograft rejection in the future.
Animals ; Graft Rejection ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Heart Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Random Allocation ; Th17 Cells ; immunology