Objective To investigate the role of spinal hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in dexmedetomidine-produced antinociceptic effect.Methods In vivo experiment Thirty wild type C57BL/6J mice and 30 HCN1 gene knockout (HCN1-/-) mice, aged 2-3 months, weighing 19-25 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), and dexmedetomidine 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg/kg groups (Dex10, Dex20,Dex30 and Dex40 groups).In Dex10, Dex20, Dex30 and Dex40 groups, dexmedetomidine 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg/kg were intraperitoneally injected, respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Before dexmedetomidine administration, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after dexmedetomidine administration, tail flick latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus was measured, and the percentage of the maximum possible effect (MPE％) was calculated.In vitro experiment HCN1 and HCN2 plasmids and green fluorescent plasmids were transfected into HEK293 cells with liposome 2000.At 24-48 h after transfection, HCN1 and HCN2 channel currents were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique.HCN channel currents were recorded as baseline value after rupture of membrane.HEK293 cells were perfused with the extracellular fluid containing different concentrations of dexmedetomidine (0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 μmol/L).After the cells were perfused with dexmedetomidine 0.1 μmol/L for 5 min, HCN currents were recorded.The inhibition rate of currents were calculated.After washout, HCN currents were recorded after the cells were perfused with the next concentration for 5 min.The half-maximal activation voltage (V1/2) of HCN channels and the curve slope were recorded.The difference in V1/2 before and after administration (△V1/2) were calculated.Results Compared with group C, MPE％ was significantly increased in Dex10 group-Dex40 group of wild type and HCN1-/-mice (P＜0.05).Compared with Dex30 and Dex40 groups of wild type mice, MPE％ was significantly decreased in Dex30 and Dex40 groups of HCN1-/-mice (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MPE％ between Dex10 group and Dex20 group of wild type and HCN1-/-mice (P＞0.05).Compared with the baseline value, the currents and V1/2 of HCN1 and HCN2 channels in HEK293 cells were significantly decreased when the cells were perfused with dexmedetomidine 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L (P＜0.05).Compared with the value when the cells were perfused with dexmedetomidine 0.1 μmol/L, the currents and V1/2 of HCN1 and HCN2 channels in HEK293 cells were significantly decreased, and inhibition rate of currents and △ V1/2were increased when perfused with dexmedetomidine 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L (P＜0.05).Compared with the value when the cells were perfused with dexmedetomidine 1.0 μmol/L, the currents and V1/2 of HCN1 and HCN2 channels in HEK293 cells were significantly decreased, and inhibition rate of currents and △ V1/2were increased when perfused with dexmedetomidine 10.0 μmol/L (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the activation curve slope of HCN1 and HCN2 channel currents in HEK293 cells when the cells were perfused with dexmedetomidine 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L (P＞0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-produced antinociceptic effect is likely related to the inhibition of spinal HCN channel opening.

Purpose: To investigate the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (PIP). Methods:To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and X-ray findings of 18 cases of PIP. Results:The rate of incidence in PIP is increasing in recent years .70 percent of the patients have infection of the respiratory system and is related to the abuse of large doses of antibiotics, there is little specificity in X-ray or CT so it is easy to confuse with malignant tumor of the lung .In pathologic sections of PIP, no malignant changes were seen, and only inflammatory cells, lymphocytes and plasm cells could be seen by light microscope. Conclusions:The antibiotic must be used properly in infection of the respiratory system and surgical treatment can be done in some asses to exclude tumor of the lung in diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of radix paeoniae rubra (RPR) on expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its protective mechanism. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups, ie, control group, LPS group, RPR treatment group, RPR prevention group and Hemin group. Arterial blood was drawn for blood gas analysis. Models of endotoxin-induced ALI were used to observe the protein content, the ratio of neutrophiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in lung and the activities of serum NO. Expression of HO-1 and iNOS in rat lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and morphometry computer image analysis. The histological change of lung were observed under light microscope. Results Compared with control group, expression of HO-1 and iNOS was markedly increased (P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of propofol in clinical relevant concentration on TNF-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (HUVECs) .Methods The third and fourth passages of the cultured endothelial cells were divided into 5 groups. 0, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 ?mol/L propofol was added to the cultured cells respectively and the cells were incubated for 30 min. Then TNF-? was added to the cultured cells (the final concentration of TNF-? was 2000 U.ml-1 ) which was incubated for 24h. Apoptosis was detected by using "terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (tdt )-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP )-biotin nick end-labelling" (TUNED . Morphologic changes were examined by means of electron microscope.Results Apoptosis expression was very high in control group (no propofol was added) . The process can be inhibited by pre-treatment with propofol (P

Objective To explore the effect of Shen-Fu injection(SFI,参附注射液) on expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in renal failure induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in rats and its possible mechanism in the protection of kidney.Methods The model of intestinal IRI was induced by clamping superior mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and then releasing the arterial clamp for 6 hours.Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: IRI model group,SFI pretreatment group and sham operation group.In the SFI pretreatment group,10 ml/kg of SFI was pumped in at constant rate 30 minutes before the ischemia,the SMA was clumped for 1 hour and then released,while in the IRI model group,an equal volume of normal saline was pumped in continuously 30 minutes before the ischemia.The serum creatinine(SCr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were observed respectively.Expressions and distributions of HO-1 and iNOS in the rat kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemitry and morphometry computer image analysis.The histological changes of kidney were observed under light microscope.Results The expressions of HO-1 and iNOS were markedly higher,and the levels of SCr and BUN were also significantly higher in intestinal IRI model group than those in the sham operation group(all P

Objective To evaluate the effect of sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap applicating in reconstructing defect of head and neck neoplasms after operation. Methods We used sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap to restore defect postoperation of head and neck neoplasms for 9 patients. Five patients used flap to reconstruct defect of oral mucosal, one case pucker myocutaneous flap, part of it restore oral mucosal defect, part restore skin defect of cheek, the others reconstruct defect of cheek or parotid gland. Seven cases used polyhole titanium to reconstruct mandible bone at the same time. Results Eight cases used sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap survival postoperation, one case's flap appeared necrosis of distant part and recover after one half month. Conclusion Pedical sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap can provide huge flap supply, survival rate higher, easy to execute and not complex, it is suitable for clinical doctors to reconstruct defect after operation for head and neck tumors.

Objective To evaluate the role of pretreatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the protective effect of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) during oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods BMVECs were sub-cultured in vitro and divided with a random number table into 7 groups:normal control group,normal control + Ang-1 group,OGD group,OGD + Ang-1 group,OGD + DHA group,OGD + DHA + Ang-1 group,and OGD + DHA + GW9662 + Ang-1 group.The normal control and normal control + Ang-1 groups were cultured in DMEM containing serum,5 mmol/L glucose,and 1.25 mmol/L pyruvate;OGD groups were cultured in glucose-and serum-free DMEM.DHA (40 μmol/L) was added to OGD + DHA,OGD + DHA + Ang-1,and OGD + DHA + GW9662 + Ang-1 groups,and 5 μmol/LGW9662 [inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ)] to OGD + DHA + GW9662 +Ang-1 group,before pretreatment for 1 hour in 5％ CO2 and 95％ air.After the pretreatment,Ang-1 (250 ng/ml)was added to normal control + Ang-1,OGD + Ang-1,OGD + DHA + Ang-1,and OGD + DHA + GW9662 +Ang-1 groups.The cells were cultured in 94％ N2∶ 5％ CO2∶ 1％ O2 for 24 hours,except for normal control and normal control + Ang-1 groups,which were cultured in 5％ CO2 and 95％ air instead.The cell apoptosis rate was detected with flow cytometry,expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,Tie-1,Tie-2,pTie-2,pAkt,ZO-1proteins with Western blot.Results Compared with normal control group,the cell apoptosis rate in OGD,OGD + Ang-1,OGD + DHA,OGD + DHA + Ang-1,and OGD + DHA + GW9662 + Ang-1 groups were significantly increased (P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.004,0.000);the expression levels of Bax,caspase-3,and Tie-1 were significantly enhanced (Bax:0.62 ± 0.03,0.38 ± 0.03,0.45 ± 0.03,0.26 ± 0.02,0.33 ± 0.02vs.0.16 ±0.01;caspase-3:0.76 ±0.05,0.42 ±0.04,0.52 ±0.02,0.32 ±0.02,0.40 ±0.02 vs.0.15 ±0.01;Tie-1:0.51 ±0.03,0.25 ±0.01,0.33 ±0.02,0.16±0.01,0.22±0.02 vs.0.12 ±0.01;all P=0.000);the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-2/Bax,Tie-2,and pTie-2 were significantly decreased [Bcl-2:0.09±0.01,0.20±0.01,0.16±0.02,0.31±0.01,0.22±0.01 vs.0.34±0.01;Bcl-2/Bax:(14.93±1.86)％,(68.03±5.56)％,(36.93 ±2.22)％,(119.1 ±13.3)％,(64.23 ±6.07)％ vs.(208.33 ±7.37)％;Tie-2:0.07±0.01,0.16±0.02,0.11 ±0.01,0.21±0.01,0.18±0.01 vs.0.26±0.01;pTie-2:0.05±0.01,0.15 ±0.01,0.07 ±0.01,0.22 ±0.02,0.16±0.01 vs.0.27 ±0.01;allP=0.000],in addition,pAkt and ZO-1 in OGD,OGD + Ang-1,OGD + DHA,and OGD + DHA + GW9662 +Ang-1 groups were also significantly reduced (pAkt:0.13 ±0.01,0.26 ±0.01,0.14 ±0.01,0.28 ±0.02vs.0.39±0.02;ZO-1:0.08±0.01,0.18±0.01,0.10±0.01,0.19±0.01vs.0.23±0.02;allP=0.000).Compared with the OGD group,OGD + Ang-1 and OGD + DHA + Ang-1 groups demonstrated significantly reduced cell apoptosis (both P =0.000).Compared with normal control + Ang-1 group,the expression levels of pTie-2,pAkt,and ZO-1 were significantly decreased in OGD + Ang-1 and OGD + DHA +Ang-1 groups (pTie-2:0.15 ±0.01,0.22 ±0.02 vs.0.52 ±0.02;pAkt:0.26 ±0.01,0.37 ±0.04 vs.0.67 ± 0.05;ZO-1:0.18 ± 0.01,0.24 ± 0.02 vs.0.39 ± 0.05;all P =0.000).Compared with OGD +Ang-1 group,OGD + DHA + Ang-1 group had significantly decreased cell apoptosis and expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and Tie-1,and significantly increased expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-2/Bax,Tie-2,pTie-2,pAkt,and ZO-1 (all P =0.000),while OGD + DHA + GW9662 + Ang-1 group showed no significant differences in these indexes (P =0.202,0.770,0.382,0.448,0.233,0.736,0.143,0.526,0.495,0.670).Conclusion Pretreatment with DHA may enhance the protective effect of Ang-1 on rat BMVECs under the condition of OGD,possibly via activating PPAR-γ,suppressing Tie-1 expression,and hence amplifying the activation of Tie-2.

Objective To explore the continuous improvement to reduce the suctioning pediatrics lumen instruments return-cleaning rate of the first time washing, improve work efficiency and reduce the cost by applying root cause analysis. Methods Using causal analysis of fishbone diagram to analysis and verify the main reason of leading to high lumen instruments return-cleaning rate. According to the three terminal factors of continuous quality improvement, quality control group was set up, lumen instruments cleaning quality control standards was made, water flow mode of lumen instruments cleaning was changed, selected the appropriate cleaning tools and real picture show, synchronize quality control measures of publishing the quality and safety board. Compared before and after return-cleaning rate of three different detection methods and the different parts of the same suction lumen instruments. Results Before carrying out eye-measurement, cotton swab to wipe, ATP bioluminescence back washing rate was 0.89% (2/225), 7.11%(16/225), 27.11%(61/225), respectively after implementation of 0, 0.44%(1/226), 3.98%(9/226), visual observation before and after the return rate of washing was no statistically significant difference (χ2=2.018, P>0.05);Cotton swab to wipe, ATP bioluminescence back washing rate difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.820, 45.999, P<0.01). The lumen instruments total return-washing rate was decreased from 35.11% (79/225) to 4.42% (10/226). Among them, the return- washing rate of the inside surface of lumen instruments was decreased from 32.89% (74/225) to the 3.10% (7/226) and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=67.028, 67.915,P<0.01). By contraries, the thread interface and the outside surface of lumen instruments return- cleaning rate before and after the implementation has no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions ATP bioluminescence assay has fine effects to detect the return-washing rate of the inner wall of the lumen instruments. The Root Cause Analysis method significantly reduced the return-washing rate of the inside surface of the suction lumen instruments, improve the efficiency, save the medical cost and reduce the hospital infection.

The article analyzed the current situation of the basic computer education in medical specialty and,based on the specialty’s trait,put forward the reform thought of changqing. the course system,content and teaching mode and establishing a set of resultful teaching system of basic computer education in medical specialty.

Objective To evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) on the expression of angiotensin?2 ( Ang?2) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in rat brain microvascular endo?thelial cells (BMVECs) subjected to oxygen?glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods Primarily cultured rat BMVECs were divided into 3 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) , OGD group and DHA group. The cells were cultured with glucose?free and serum?free DMEM culture medium in OGD and DHA groups. In group DHA, DHA 40μmol was added, and then the cells were ex?posed to 1%O2?5%CO2?94%N2 in an air?tight incubator. The cells were cultured in the normal glucose and normal oxygen conditions in group C. All the cells were cultured for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V∕propidium iodide flow cytometry assay, and the apoptosis rate was calculated. The concentra?tions of Ang?2, VEGF, prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) and prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) in the supernatant of the cul?ture medium were determined by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Ang?2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in cells was detected by real?time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cyclooxygen?ase?2 ( COX?2) protein in cells was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the ap?
optosis rate and concentrations of Ang?2, VEGF, PGE2 and PGI2 in the supernatant were significantly in?creased, and the expression of Ang?2 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and COX?2 protein was significantly up?regu?lated in OGD and DHA groups (P<0.05). Compared with group OGD, the apoptosis rate and concentra?tions of Ang?2, VEGF, PGE2 and PGI2 in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of Ang?2 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and COX?2 protein was significantly down?regulated in group DHA ( P<0.05) . Conclusion DHA can inhibit the expression of Ang?2 and VEGF in rat brain BMVECs subjected to OGD and reduce cell apoptosis, and down?regulated expression of COX?2 protein is involved in the mecha?nism.