Objective To analyze the synergistic effects between H.pyloriinfection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in peptic ulcer patients and upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients induced by peptic ulcer.Methods The peptic ulcer group consisted of 803 peptic ulcer patients,208 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage,and they were compared with 2 061 patients with non-peptic ulcer.Results H.pyloriinfection and NSAIDs use could increase the risk of peptic ulcer,and NSAIDs use in coordination with H.pyloriinfection in gastric ulcer morbility,but it's not significant coordination in the duodenal ulcer mortility.Pure NSAIDs use could increase the risk of bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcer,but pure H.pyloriinfection didn't increase the risk of bleeding peptic ulcer obviously,but the risk of bleeding peptic ulcer was not different in the patients of occasional,frequent and long-term NSAIDs use.Conclusion Detection of H.pyloriin the patients with long-term NSAIDs use is necessary,and eradication is needed in the patients infected with H.pylori.The NSAIDs use in peptic ulcer patients complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding should be payed attention and given timely treatment.

Objective To investigate the potential effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L6 on prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in animal models. Methods A total of 200 hundred C57BL/6 mice were used in the study. ① Sixty mice were divided into control group (infected with H. pylori) and prevention group (previously treated with L6 and followed by infection with H. pylori) with 30 each. The incidence of H. pylori infection was compared between two groups.② Sixty mice were divided into control group (infected with H. pylori) and treatment group (infected with H. pylori for 4 weeks and followed by treatment with L6) with 30 each. Thechanges of H. pylori infection was compared between tow groups. ③ Eighty mice previously infected with H. pylori were orally administrated with L6 in the water supply over a period of 9 months. Of which, 40 H. pylori negative mice were either continuously or discontinuously treated with L6. The re-infection of H. pylori was compared between two groups. The H. pylori infection, gastric mucosal inflammatory and serum anti-H. pylori-lgG titer was measured by using urea breath test, histopathology and ELISA, respectively. Results The positive rate of H. pylori infection was 100% in control group and 20% in prevention group (pre-treated with L6 for 1 week). Whereas there was no H. pylori infection in the rest mice of prevention group pre-treated with L6 for 2 or 4 weeks. There was significant difference in H. pylori infection between two groups (P<0. 05).The serum anti-H. pylori IgG titer was lower in treatment group than in control group (P<0. 05).The reinfection of H. pylori in mice continuously treated with L6 was significantly lower than those discontiously treated with L6 (P<0. 05). Conclusions Preventively feeding L6 can significantly reduce the H. pylori infection in C57BL/6 mice, whereas the inhibition of H. pylori re-infection can also be achieved with long-term administration of L6.

OBJECTIVE To establish secretory otitis media(SOM) model induced by endotoxin and evaluate its reliability. METHODS Healthy 50 Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex( 250-300g)were randomly divided into experimental group(ET group) and control group(NS group),with 30 and 20 rats respectively. 35ul volume of 1mg/ml endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and same amount of saline(NS) were transbullaly injected into the right tympanic bullas of the two groups. Six rats of ET group and four rats of NS group were killed postoperative on 6h,1d,3d,7d,14d respectively. The temporal bones were harvested for histological study. The left tympanic bullas served as control. Another four rats(each group 2 rats) were used for SEM study with the same method. One rat was killed and harvested for SEM observation of mucocilliary transporting system on the tympanic ostium of Eustachian tube. RESULTS ①LM(light microscope):The epithelial layer and subepithelial space(SES) were thicked mildly in ET group at 6 hours,and more heavily at 1 day with inflammatory cells infiltration (mostly polymorphonuclear leukocytes,PMNs). At 3 days,the same changes were observed most severely. By 14 days,the mucosal lining returned to normal. No obvious changes were observed in the NS group. ②SEM(scan electrical microscope):In ET group,the impairment of mucociliary transport system such as lodging,shedding of cilias were observed at 3 days and returned to normal at 14 days. No abnormal changes were observed in NS group. CONCLUSION Endotoxin can induce SOM with inflammatory changes peak at day 3 and return to normal by day 14.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and genetic characteristics of two cases with simple virilizing (SV)21-hydroxylase(21OHD). Methods Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were obtained. The promoter and coding areas of CYP21A2 gene were directly sequenced. In silico analysis were used to predict the function of mutations. Results Two patients presented severe virilism. The laboratory examinations showed that plasma ACTH,aldosterone,androstendione and testosterone were significantly increased compared with normal individuals. VCT scan showed hyperplasia of bilateral adrenal. Direct sequencing of CYP21A2 gene showed two complex mutations-H62L/V69L and I2g/10InsL,which were not reported previously. In silico analysis(Polyphen)showed the novel mutation V69L could probably damage the function of CYP21A2 protein. Conclusion The combined mutations,H62L/V69Land I2g/10InsL,could be associated with SV type 21-OHD phenotype.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of venous reverse-flow flap in the differentperiod after operation.Methods The rabbits wero randomly allocated into 3 groups.In group A,including saphenous artery and venae commutante.In group B,saphenous artery without venae commutante.In group C,surface seeping and saphenous artery and venae commutante.Flap appearance,intravenous pressure,vessel diameter,mierocircular and histological examination were mea8ured.Results The difference of introvenous pressure between group A.B and C was obvious.Reverse flow WaS found in group A and C group through microcirculation observation 2 hours post-operation.Venous valve lose efficacy while the vessel diameter wes at maximum just after the pressure peak.Conclusion Venous retrograde return in reverse-flow island flaps can be achieved more easily through"incompetent valves route"than through "communicating and collaterall by pass route".By pass route is a supplementary way.Surface seeping Can slighfly relieve the venous pressure but can cause infection.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and treatment of esophageal injury caused by button battery foreign bodies in children, then improve the diagnosis and management level of this hazardous problem of children. Methods 15 patients with esophageal injury caused by button battery foreign bodies were retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis. Results 12 button battery foreign bodies were removed successfully with rigid esophagoscope, 3 with electronic gastroscope. 12 cases occurred serious esophageal lesions, 10 patients were fully recovered after nasal feeding, anti-inflammatory and supporting therapy. Serious complication such as esophageal perforation occurred in 2 cases, one of them occurred tracheo-esophageal fistula. Conclusion Button battery embedded in the esophagus is easy to cause serious esophagus injury, early detection is the key of the management, and its prompt removal is mandatory. Button battery have a distinctive appearance on radiography, chest radiographs can be used as the first choice of diagnosis. The reasonable treatment can obtain better curative results and avoid serious complications according to the course of the disease and esophageal damage degree. Physicians must recognize the hazardous potential and serious implications such as esophageal perforation and tracheo-esophageal fistula.

Zixue san is a preparation in Chinese Pharmacopoeia ，and is a commonly used representative formula in Liangkai formulation. In the previous editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia ，for the item of the formulation and preparation method of Zixue san，“mirabilite”“mirabilite（prepare）”“Xuanming powder ”and other different descriptions have been repeatedly modified and amended；the methods of preparation of mirabilite in the processing specifications of different provinces and cities are also different，causing effects in actual production. Therefore ，the author has researched the historical evolution of Zixue ，the formulation and preparation method of Zixue san in the previous editions of Chinese P harmacopoeia，and has expounded the change process of mirabilite，mirabilite（prepare），Xuanming powder in the item of formulation and preparation method of Zixue san. In addition ，the author compares Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the processing methods of mirabilite in the national and provincial processing specifications ，in order to provide a basis for the processing of mirabilite in the formulation of Zixue san.

As abnormal pubertal development, central precocious puberty (CPP) is manifested by the secondary sexual characteristics, skeletal maturation, and physical development in advance. It ultimately affects the adult height of children, even producing some psychological and behavioral problems such as fear and anxiety. Currently, gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) is recognized as the best medicine worldwide for treating CPP in order to increase children's final adult height; however, it has some adverse effects on the growth and development of children. This paper reviews the effects of CPP and GnRHa on children's physical and sexual development, with the aim of increasing physicians awareness of this disease and the safety of medication.
Body Height ; Body Weight ; Bone Development ; Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; physiopathology ; Reproduction ; Sexual Development

Objective To study the effect of maternal subclinical thyroid abnormalities [including subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia and positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) with normal thyroid function] in women during 16-20 weeks of gestation on offspfing's intellectual development and motor function. Methods Sera from 1 268 women during 16-20 weeks of gestation (collected 2 years ago) were obtained and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4) and TPOAb levels were measured. Pregnant specific thyroid function reference ranges were used to screen for subclinical hypothyroidism (18 cases), hypothyroxinemia (19 cases) and positive TPOAb (34 cases). From the same cohort, a total of 142 pregnant women who were euthyroid with negative TPOAb were selected as controls (a case: control ratio of 1 : 2). Intellectual and motor development score evaluations were performed in their children at 25-30 months of age. Results In the group of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism, the offspring' s intelligence score was (109.89±13.81) points, which was 8.88 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). Similarly, the motor score of the offspring was (108.11±9.93) points, which was 9.98 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the pregnant women with hypothyroxinemia, the offspring's intelligence score was (112.32±15.10) points, 9.30 points lower than in the control group (P <0.01); the motor score was (112.21±12.26) points, 7.57 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the pregnant women with positive TPOAb and euthyroid function, the offspring's intelligence score was (112.70±20.64) points, 10.56 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01); the motor score was (110.64±12.49) points, 9.03 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Maternal subclinical thyroid abnormality between 16-20 weeks of gestation adversely may affect offspring intellectual and motor development, suggesting the necessity for screening and treatment of maternal subclinical thyroid abnormality in the early stages of pregnancy.

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system.The main pathological feature is the reduction of dopaminergic neurons,which induces motion symptoms such as resting tremor,muscle rigidity,bradykinesia,and postural disorder.The etiology and pathogenesis of PD are complex and related to a variety of factors.The current pathogenesis is related to mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,neuroinflammatory response,apoptosis,and autophagy.The early onset of PD is occult and the rate of misdiagnosis is high.It requires a new simple,safe,and effective early diagnosis method.The current methods of early diagnosis mainly include clinical non-motor symptoms,biomarkers,and imaging examination methods.