AIM: To investigate biological effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on differentiation of cardiomyogenic cells (CGCs) induced from rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) in vitro. METHODS: The BMSCs from shaft of femur of Japan rabbits were isolated and propagated for cell culture. Cultured BMSCs were randomly divided into six groups: Group Ⅰ: the control group (uninduced group); Group Ⅱ: the ET-1 group, added ET-1 (30 nmol/L) into culture medium; Group Ⅲ: 5-aza group, added 5-aza (10 ?mol/L) into culture medium; Group Ⅳ: 5-aza+ET-1 group, after inducing with 5-aza for 3 weeks, ET-1 was added into culture medium. This group was divided into three parts-Ⅳ 1、Ⅳ 2、Ⅳ 3, and separated to add 10、 30、 50 nmol/L ET-1. During the cell culture, growing and differentiation of BMSCs were observed. After inducing for 4 weeks, the differentiation rate and the diameter of cardiomyogenic cells were calculated; Western-blot was employed to analyze the expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level. The expression of ?-MHC mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry staining of Troponin-I and ultrastructure observation of induced cardiomyogenic cells were also completed simultaneously. RESULTS: The cell diameters of CGCs in group Ⅳ 2 were enlarged significantly (P0.05). In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ 2 , the positive cells of cTroponin I staining were more, the expression of ?-MHC mRNA was significantly increased (P

Objective To investigate how to improve teaching achievement of specified trained doctors with vascular skill. Methods Specified trained doctors were divided into groups(two doctors for one group) and expected vascular surgeon was appointed as majored teacher. Teaching revolution was proceeded with self-made vascular training platform,projected questions according with teaching content,cultivation of solidificatism and refined schema of check. Results After revolution,operative skills of specified trained doctors were improved significantly,basal operative procedures during operations were smooth,skill related theory was solid and compounding during operation was initiative. Conclusion Teaching revolutions of vascular skill can improve basal operative skill of specified trained doctors and develop habits of solidificatism.

BACKGROUND: Many scholars attempt to xenotransplantation because of shortage of human donor hepatocytes. In the field of hepatocyte xenotransplantation, two different mammalian species, i.e., pig-to-rat, and pig-to-rodent, are much reported. Hepatocyte transplantation between two different classes has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response in hepatocytes xenotransplantation between tilapia and rat. METHODS: The tilapia (donor) hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase cold digestion and adjusted to 2×107 /mL using physiological saline. Thirty-six SD (recipient) rats were randomly divided into transplantation and control groups (n = 18). Rats from the control group received injection of physiological saline into the spleen, and those from the transplantation group received injection of tilapia hepatocytes. At each time point (4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 5 days) after transplantation, two rats were respectively sacrificed for histological changes examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining and detection of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes surrounding the grafts using immunohistochemical SABC method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The transplanted hepatocytes were rejected a few hours after transplantation. Surviving hepatocytes in spleens were hardly seen 8 hours after transplantation. The aggregation of CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes was detected surrounding the grafts 4 hours after transplantation. These findings suggest that tilapia hepatocytes transplantation into rat spleen induces rejection within a few hours, cell-mediated immune response is involved in the rejection of hepatocytes xenotransplantation, and natural killer cells may play an important role in this kind of rejection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotics resistance in blood culture isolates.Methods The clinical isolates of blood specimens from patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2004 to 2006 were identified anti the drug resistance to antimierobial agents was tested.The results were analyzed and compared with those during 1986 to 1998.Results A total of 576 strains were isolated from 6203 blood specimens,among which gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli account for 57.8%(333/576)and 31.4%(181/576),respectively.The frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,hemolytic Streptococcus viridans,Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi.The methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci(MRCNS)accounted for 78.3%(155/198).Gram negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin.Conclusions The incidence of bloodstream infections caused by MRCNS,gram negative bacilli producing ESBLs and fungi are increasing.The clinical isolates from blood have hish resistance to the first line antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogens and their resistance in infective endocarditis patients.METHODS Pathogens and their resistance were detected by MicroScan WalkAway-40 system.RESULTS Most of pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus.The resistant rate of S.pyogenes to tetracycline,erythromycin,ampicillin,penicillin,gentamicin and chloramphenicol was 78.6%,42.9%,14.3%,0,0 and 0,respectively.Four were MRS in 10 Staphylococcus isolates and they were resistant to most antimicrobial agents except vancomycin and higher than MSS.CONCLUSIONS Most of pathogens are S.pyogenes and Staphylococcus in infective endocarditis patients;most S.pyogenes isolates are resistant to tetracycline,erythromycin,but susceptible to penicillins;MRS are resistant to most of antimicrobial agents except vancomycin.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution of the common pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in urinary tract infection for clinical reference of rational use of antibacterials. METHODS:The medical records of patients hospitalized in urinary surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Oct. in 2008 were retrospectively collected for analyses of the results of mid-stream urine culture and antibiotic resistance,meanwhile,the current utilization of antibacterials in urinary surgery was analyzed. RESULTS:Gram negative bacilli were the major pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection(61.82%),of which,escherichia coli represented 58.82%,and the resistant rates of the gram negative bacilli to imipenem,amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were 8.82%,8.82%,11.76% and 11.76%,respectively. CONCLUSION:The antibiotics should be used rationally according to the result of susceptibility test in treating patients with urinary tract infection.

AIM: To investigate the homing effect of immature dendritic cells (iDC) after injection of iDC into the mouse hepatoma treated by microwave ablation and the possibility of stimulating tumor immunity after thermal ablation. METHODS: The model of hepatoma was established with Hepa 1-6 cells injected into the subcutaneous tissue of C57BL/6J mice. The tumors were treated by microwave ablation under different temperatures, and then fluorescent-labeled iDCs (PKH26-DC) were injected into the ablated tumor tissues. The influences of ablation to homing of PKH26-DC, maturation and excitation ability towards T-cell were observed. RESULTS: There were no homing PKH26-DCs and expression of CCR7 in draining lymph nodes in (65?5)℃ and (90?5)℃ ablation groups after intratumoral injection of iDCs. The number of homing PKH26-DCs was 32?8 in (50?5)℃ ablation group vs 21?6 in un-ablated group, and the expression rate of CCR7 was 100% vs 90%. The number of clusters with immunological synapsis was 8-12 in (50?5)℃ ablation group vs 4-6 in un-ablated group under 100-magnification visual field, and the number of lymphocytes in each cluster was 12-25 vs 3-10. CONCLUSION: Thermal ablation of hepatoma under an appropriate temperature level may promote maturing and homing of iDCs and stimulate immunity of lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents. METHODS Susceptibility of 48 S. maltophilia isolates were tested by agar dilution or K-B method. RESULTS The lowest resistance rate of isolates to the antimicrobial agents was to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (12.5%),then to minocycline (25.0%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.3%). The resistance rate to ceftazidime,ceftazidime/sulbactam,levofloxacin,and chloramphenicol was 62.5%,52.1%,52.1%,and 50.0%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most of S. maltophilia isolates are susceptible to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,minocycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and resistant to other antimicrobial agents. More mornitoring should be enhanced.

Objective To study the influence of NS4B on host defense system. Methods After cell line stably expressed NS4B was established, cell expression profiling caused by NS4B was studied using DNA microarray, and the results of microarray were verified via IFNGR1 fluorescence intensity analysis. Results The data showed that HCV-NS4B could suppress host defense system-associated gene ex-pression, in particular, IFN-γsignal transduction-related genes. Conclusion NS4B could play a role in persistence and resistance to IFN therapy in HCV infection.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zonisamide(ZNS) as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures receiving other antiepileptic drags (AEDs).Methods This was a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study conducted at multi-centers.All 240 subjects were randomized to either the ZNS group or the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio.The double-blind treatment phase included a titration phase during which zonisamide dose inereased from 100 mg/day to 300 mg/day over 4 weeks and then a 12-week fixed-dose phase.The primary efficacy endpoint was,the median % reduction from baseline in all pattial seizure frequency(CPS+SPS+SGS)during the fixed-dose phase.The important secondaw endpoint wag the responder rate.Safety profiles and tolerance were also evaluated.Results The FAS analysis showed the median reduction from baseline in the ZNS group was greater than in the placebo group(48.4%vs 26.6%),the difference was significant for ZNS compared with placebo(F=4.904,P=0.028);The responder rates for all partial seizures(48.6%vs34.9%,X2=4.046,P=0.044)and for complex seizures(52.2% vs 33.3%,X2=5.607,P=0.018)were significantly higber in the ZNS group than in the placebo group in the FAS population.The overall adverse events(AEs)profile was comparable between the two groups.The most frequent AEs considered to be related to zonisamide by the investigator were headache,dizziness,somnolence,anorexia,nausea,etc.Conclusions ZNS is superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of partial seizures and well-tolerated.ZNS could be a choice of adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures.