Cerebral small vessel disease refers to the diseases that affects intracranial small arteries,arterioles,precapillaries,and venules.The image-based types mainly include white matter lesion,lacunar infarction,and cerebral microbleeds.It is believed to be the independent risk factors of cognitive impairment or vascular dementia.The location,number and volume of the small vessel diseases may all influence the degree of cognitive impairment and manifestation.

Objective Toexplore the application value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in evaluating evaluation offunctional changes of the in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia caused (PTN) by neurovascular compression. Methods 40 unilateral PTN patients and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in ourstudy.They allAll patients underwent the general sequences and DTI ,and then to measured the ADC and FA values of the trigeminal nerves. Results (1) Compared with contralateral side (0.408 ± 0.054)and bilateral sides in control group(0.423 ± 0.057), FA value of the ipsilateral side in PTN group(0.330 ± 0.056) was significant lower (P< 0.05)compared with the contralateral side (0.408 ± 0.054) and bilateral sides in control group (0.423 ± 0.057).The ADC value of ipsilateralside (2.052 ± 0.473)× 10-3 mm2/s was significantly higher (P < 0.05) thancompared withthe contralateral side (1.541 ± 0.266) ×10-3 mm2/s and bilateral sides in control group(1.431 ± 0.308) ×10-3 mm2/s. (2) An There's a nnegative correlation was found (r = -0.613,P < 0.001) between the loss of FA and the increase of ADC (r = -0.613,P < 0.001). Conclusion DTI could be used to evaluate the changes of neuratrophy and demyelination ,so it canmight be used of in diagnosis and treatment of PTNin further way.

Objective To study the expressions of survivin and caspase-9 in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and their relationship with apoptosis.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was uesed to detect the expressions of survivin and caspase-9 in paraffin sections of 96 cases including 42 HCC tissues,42 paired adjacent noncancerous tissues and 12 normal liver tissues. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Results No immunoreactivity of survivin was seen in normal liver tissues.The positive rates of survivin in HCC and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues were 73.81% and 4.76%,respectively,there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).The expressions of survivin and caspase-9 in HCC tissues were not associated with age,sex and the size of tumor,but they were directly associated with tumor histological grade and metastasis.Conclusion High expression of survivin in HCC may inhibit apoptosis through depressing the expression of caspase-9,and it is an indicator of independent poor prognosis.

Purpose To explore CT manifestations of thyroid carcinoma and its correlation with neck lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods CT findings of 165 patients with thyroid carcinoma confirmed by surgical pathology were studied, including number, shape, size, calcium, necrosis, surrounding invasion and enhancement of substantial part, and its correlation with neck lymph node metastasis was also analyzed. Results 107 out of 165 patients (64.85%) suffered from neck lymph node metastasis. Different tumor number, calcium and necrosis were not associated with the rate of neck lymph node metastasis (χ2=0.009, 2.606, 1.522;P>0.05);tumor shape, size, surrounding invasion and enhancement were significantly different from the rate (χ2=26.510, 75.995, 68.922, 20.819;P<0.05). Patients age, tumor shape, size, enhancement and surrounding invasion were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r=0.124, 0.243, 0.276, 0.287, 0.395;P<0.05);the sequence of correlation was as follows:surrounding invasion>enh ancement>shape>size>age. However, patients gender, tumor number, calcium and necrosis showed on correlation (r=0.074, 0.126, 0.005, 0.121;P>0.05). Conclusion Lymph node metastasis is mainly associated with factors like age, tumor shape, size, enhancement and surrounding invasion. It is advisable that patients with high risk rate may consider selective cervical lymph node dissection.

BACKGROUND:Neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine can induce the clinical, biochemical and pathological characteristics similar to those observed in primary Parkinson’s disease. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells of Parkinson’s disease model mice and the mood change.
METHODS:A total of 72 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal saline group, Parkinson’s disease model group (model group), sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group (sham group) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group. The mice received 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine injection×4 to establish acute Parkinson’s disease models. The mice in the normal saline group were injected the same volume saline. And 24 hours after the last injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine, the mice in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group received five trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 1 Hz for 25 seconds, at an intensity of 1 Tesla daily for 1, 3, 7 consecutive days. Sham group mice were not exposed to the magnetic field. No treatment was performed in the mice of model group. The mood change was evaluated using the elevated-plus maze testing before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. The change in expression of nestin in the subventricular zone was observed by using immunohistochemical technique.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Elevated-plus maze testing:There was no statistical significance about percentage of opening arm time accounting for total time among groups and at different time points in each group, but after stimulation, the percentage of opening arm time accounting for total time showed a declined tendency. (2) The results of nestin immunohistochemical staining:Compared to the normal saline group, the number of nestin-positive cells of the model group was increased at days 3 and 7, and there was no statistical significance in the number of nestin-positive cells between model group and sham group;Compared to the sham group and model group, the number of nestin-positive cells of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group were evidently increased;The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells was time-dependent, endogenous neural stem cells exhibited outward migration gradual y along the certain way, and some cells were able to migrate to the corpus cal osum at day 3, and even to the cerebral cortex at day 7. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can promote the endogenous neural stem cells in a time-depended manner.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of plum-blossom needle tapping combined with topical imiquimod immunotherapy on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in SKH-1 mice,and to explore the immunological mechanism.Methods A total of 40 SKH-1 mice with ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous SCC were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups:control group receiving no treatment,plum-blossom needle group receiving plum-blossom needle tapping on all the tumors once a day,imiquimod group topically treated with imiquimod 5％ cream at a dose of 1.2 g/kg once a day,combination group firstly treated with plum-blossom needle tapping on all the tumors,and after the stop of bleeding topically treated with imiquimod 5％ cream at the same dose as the imiquimod group once a day.All the mice were treated for 30 days.Morphological changes of tumors in all groups were photographed and recorded every day.The tumor size was measured once every three days,and changes of total tumor volume and survival rate of the mice were compared among the 4 groups.At the end of treatment,tunor tissues were resected,and histopathological changes were compared among the 4 groups.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression of interferon-α (IFN-α),IFN-β,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-o) and IL-12 in tumor tissues.Results In the combination group,tumors on the back of mice grew slowly,and some even regressed.However,tumors grew fast in the control group,plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group,and grew more slowly in the plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group than in the control group.Before the treatment,there was no significant difference in the total tumor volume among the 4 groups (F =0.90,P ＞ 0.05).After 24-day treatment,the total tumor volume significantly differed among the 4 groups (F =5.16,P ＜ 0.05).The LSD-t test showed that the total tumor volume significantly decreased in the combination group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was observed among the other groups (P ＞ 0.05).Log-rank test revealed that survival curves significantly differed among the 4 groups (x2 =8.32,P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate was significantly higher in the combination group than in the control group (x2 =4.62,P =0.03),but did not differ between the plum-blossom needle group or imiquimod group and the control group or combination group (all P ＞ 0.05).Histopathological examination showed atypical cells arranged closely,a large number of tumor cells and some keratin pearls in the control group and plumblossom needle group,few dead tumor cells in the imiquimod group,and plenty of dead tumor cells,mild nuclear atypia and increased keratinization in the combination group.qRT-PCR revealed that the relative mRNA expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IL-12,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in the combination group than those in the control group,plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group (P ＜ 0.05).The imiquimod group showed significantly higher mRNA expression of IL-1β than the control group (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant differences were observed among the other groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Plum-blossom needle tapping can effectively enhance the anti-SCC activity and immunological effects of imiquimod in SKH-1 mice.

AIM: To investigate the role of gene poly mo rphisms of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in northern Chinese Han pedigree s with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Polymorphisms in codon 804 and 971 of IRS-1 gene in 80 unrelated patients with type 2 DM and 80 control subjects were analyzed by polym erase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP) technique followed by pol yacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. RESULTS: The frequencies (GCA→GCG) in codon 804 of IRS-1 gene w ere significantly higher in type 2 DM than normal subjects(0.200 vs 0.062, P

Objective To investigate the value of 1q21 amplification in newly diagnosed myeloma patients.Methods Fifty-two cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma from June 2008 to June 2010 were enrolled.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the 1q21 amplification,and the clinical characteristics and treatment response were analyzed.Results 1q21 amplification was discovered in 30 of 52 patients (57.7 ％),Clinical characteristics such as gender,malignant pleural effusion,extramedullary plasmacytoma,bone destruction,β2 microglobulin,ALB,hemoglobin,blood calcium,plasma cell proportion,clinical stage seemed to have no correlation with 1q21 amplification.The 52 patients all received bortezomibbased regimens.The response rates were not significant difference between patients with and without 1q21 amplification,the OS was also not significant difference [26 months (6-30 months) vs 30 months (12-85 months),P =0.409],but the patients with presence of 1q21 gain resulted in significantly shorter PFS [8 months (1-30 months) vs 20 months (3--48 months),P=0.019].Multivariate analysis showed 1q21 with more than two additional genetic abnormalities was an independent prognostic predictor (P =0.031).Conclusion 1q21 amplification is one of the adverse prognostic predictors,the response rate is not significant difference between patients with and without 1q21 amplification in bortezomib-based group,but the 1q21 amplification could result in significantly shortened PFS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between adiponectin combined with the ultrasound blood flow index of the umbilical artery and perinatal outcome in women with severe preeclampsia. Methods Placental tissues were obtained from normal term pregnancies (control group, n=50) and severe preeclampsia patients (PE group, n=50) in Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2014 to October 2014. The expression of adiponectin was examined using immunohistochemical methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The umbilical artery was measured by color Doppler, and the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio (UA-S/D), umbilical artery resistance index (UA-RI) and umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) were determined. The relationship between the expression of adiponectin in placental tissues, UA-S/D and perinatal outcome were analyzed. The data were analyzed using two dependent-sample t test, the log-rank test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results Compared with the control group, infants in the PE group had lower birth weight and placental weight, shorter height, and greater umbilical artery indices including UA-S/D, UA-RI and UA-PI (all P<0.05). The expression of adiponectin and its mRNA in placentae of the PE group was significantly higher than that of the control group (adiponectin: 0.326±0.011 vs. 0.116±0.011, t=99.144, P=0.000;mRNA:4.18±1.80 vs. 1.00±0.51, t=11.985, P=0.000). UA-S/D had a negative correlation with birth weight, onset gestational age and gestational age at birth (r= - 0.897, - 0.469 and - 0.524, all P<0.01). The expression of adiponectin mRNA had a negative correlation with birth weight, onset gestational age, and gestational age at birth (r=-0.580,-0.407 and-0.449, all P<0.01). The expression level of adiponectin had positive correlations with body mass index of the mothers and the UA-S/D (r=0.261 and 0.788, both P<0.01). Conclusions The expression of adiponectin in placental tissues and blood flow index of the umbilical artery both increase in severe preeclampsia, and are associated with poor perinatal outcome.

Objective:To investigate the expression of serum human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and its clinical significance.Methods:A total of 59 symptomatic MM patients admitted to West Branch of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from September 2016 to September 2018 were selected as the research objects. According to the CRAB symptoms [elevated serum calcium (C), kidney injury (R), anemia (A), bone lesions (B)], all patients were divided into 2 groups, including the active group of 44 patients with CRAB symptoms, and the response group of 15 patients who achieved at least partial remission after chemotherapy and symptom relief of CRAB. According to the degree of bone lesions (BL), 30 patients with severe bone-related events were grouped as the severe bone lesions (SBL) group, and 14 patients were grouped as the non-severe bone lesions (NSBL) group. According to the revised international prognostic staging system (R-ISS), patients in the active group were divided into three subgroups: stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, and stage Ⅲ, including 26, 11 and 7 patients, respectively. A total of 15 healthy examination people whose gender and age matched those of the patients were treated as the healthy control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of hPEBP4, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (LIGHT/TNFSF14) and activin A of patients in different groups. Pearson was used to analyze the relationship of the expressions of multiple factors in the active group. The optimal cut-off value of multiple factors diagnosing MM was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and according to the cut-off value, the differences in overall survival (OS) of patients with different stratification were compared.Results:In the active group, the respond group, the healthy control group, the level of hPEBP4 was (1.48±0.64) μg/L, (1.49±0.75) μg/L, (0.31±0.10) μg/L, respectively; the level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was (169±112) ng/L, (256±132) ng/L, (44±27) ng/L,respectively; the level of activin A was (383±266) ng/L, (223±79) ng/L, (234±85) ng/L, respectively; and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the active group, the level of hPEBP4 was (1.06±0.60) μg/L, (1.15±0.50) μg/L, (1.73±0.68) μg/L, respectively in patients with stage R-ISSⅠ, R-ISSⅡ and R-ISS Ⅲ, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=3.287, P=0.032). The level of activin A was (219±55) ng/L, (247±117) ng/L, (450±215) ng/L, respectively among patients in stage R-ISSⅠ, R-ISSⅡ, R-ISS Ⅲ, and the level of activin A in stage R-ISS Ⅲ was higher than that in stage R-ISSⅠand R-ISSⅡ (all P < 0.05). The levels of LIGHT/TNFSF14 and activin A of SBL patients were higher than those of NSBL patients [(174±101) ng/L vs. (98±53) ng/L; (467±238) ng/L vs. (189±71) ng/L, all P < 0.05]. The level of hPEBP4 was positively correlated with the levels of M protein ( r=0.694, P < 0.01) and activin A ( r=0.252, P < 0.01) of IgG patients in the active group. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of hPEBP4, LIGHT/TNFSF14, activin A diagnosing MM was 1.04 μg/L, 97.0 μg/L, 156.2 ng/L. The median overall survival (OS) time of patients with hPEBP4 >1.04 μg/L and hPEBP4 ≤ 1.04 μg/L was 57 months (95% CI 22-92 months) and not reached, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); while the median OS time of patients with activin A ≥ 156.2 ng/L and activin A < 156.2 ng/L was 61 months (95% CI 24-98 months) and not reached, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:High expression level of hPEBP4 is related with the progression of MM. It is positively related with the level of M protein and negatively with the OS of MM patients. It is suggested that hPEBP4 may be used as an important marker to judge disease progression and tumor burden in MM. LIGHT/TNFSF14 and activin A cooperate with hPEBP4 to participate in the pathological processes of tumor microenvironment of MM.