Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on renal cell apoptosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods Totally 55 male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to develop DN model.46 successfully established DN rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups:PGE1 group received PGE1 intravenously at dose of 10 μg · kg-1 · d-1 for 10 d (n=12),angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) group given ACEI orally at dose of 10 mg kg-1·d-1 for 8 W(n=12),PGE1+ACEI group given both PGE1 and ACEI (n=11),DN control group(n=11) and normal control group(n=10) given saline only.All rats were killed after 8 weeks and blood samples or kidney tissue were collected.Blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatine(Scr),albuminuria of 24 h were detected.Renal pathological morphology and apoptosis of renal cells were observed by HE staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) test. Results At 8 week after treatment,the 24-hour urinary albumin levels were decreased significantly in the following order:DN control group＞ PGE1 group ＞ ACEI group ＞PGE1+ ACEI group＞ control group[(374.6±54.1)μg,(570.0±72.5)μg,(253.1±28.9)μg vs.(1123.4±106.2)μg,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05].BUN[(9.3±2.6)mmol/L,(11.0±3.5)mmol/L,(8.4±2.2)mmol/Lvs.(15.1±4.0)mmol/L]and Scr [(74.5±19.2) umol/L,(83.5± 15.8)μmol/L,(64.6±17.3) μmol/L vs.(117.7±33.0)μmol/L]levels after treatment were also reduced in PGE1,ACEI and PGE1 + ACEI groups as compared with DN control group (P＜0.01or P＜ 0.05). Pathological manifestations of all treatment groups showed better results than DN group,and PGE1 + ACEI group was the best.There was no obvious apoptosis in glomerular area with on significant differences between groups.While apoptosis of renal tubules was observed in DN rats. Conclusions Renal tubule but not glomerular cell apoptosis may play some role in Prostaglandin E1 reduciug albuminuria.

Objective To prepare nifedipine( NF)sustained-release pellet tablets,and study of its release behavior in vitro. Methods Soluplus was selected as a carrier to prepare solid dispersion of NF by hot melt extrusion technique( HME), and the ratio of the drug to carrier was 1:1. The samples were validated as the solid dispersion by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Extrusion-spheronization technique was introduced to prepare NF pellets and EudragitRS 30D was used as the coating material. The NF sustained-release tablets were prepared by direct compression of the coated pellets and suitable excipients. Results The release data in vitro proved that the drug release from the tablets was steady and complete over 24 hours. Conclusion The release of NF from sustained-release tablets is slow and steady. The method is easy to operate. The in vitro drug release pattern follows first-order kinetics.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct. METHODS 27 cases of superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct were reviewed retrospectively. Complications and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Almost all cases investigated resulted in satisfactory outcomes. CONCLUSION Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct is a possible alternative for some patients, especially those with benign parotid tumour.

Aim To investigate whether capacitative Ca~(2+) entry involved in excitation-contraction coupling in rat distal colon smooth muscle.Methods Changes of isolated organ's tension were monitored with force-displacement transducer and Powerlab 4/25T recording system.Results Thapsigargin(10 nmol?L~(-1)～1 ?mol?L~(-1))produced slowly developing sustained contractions in isolated distal colon smooth muscle strips of rats.The timed contractile responses to thapsigargin(10 n mol?L~(1)-1 ?mol?L~(-1)) were significantly different.The contractile response to Ca~(2+) reintroduction following incubation of strips in a Ca~(2+)-free Krebs in the presense of thapsigargin was significantly higher than in its absence(99%?28% vs 70%?8%).Contractile responses to Ca~(2+)reintroduction following depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+) stores with thapsigargin were attenuated by La~(3+),while unaffected by verapamil.Conclusion Contractile responses to Ca~(2+)reintroduction following depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)stores with thapsigargin,are mediated by capacitative Ca~(2+)entry.The results suggested that CCE provided activator Ca~(2+)for the contraction and participated in excitation-contraction process in rat distal colon smooth muscle.

Objective To investigate the level of plasma GDF-15 in patients with COPD and its clinical value in the diagnosis of COPD in the stable stage and in acute exacerbation stage. Methods From 2015 to 2016, 58 cases of patients with COPD were enrolled ,including COPD patients in the stable stage and in acute exacerba-tion stage. 29 cases of COPD patients diagnosed in our hospital were enrolled in the experimental group ,and 29 cases of age-,gender and body mass index-matched healthy people were enrolled in the control group. Compared and analyzed the blood cell count ,determination of plasma GDF-15 and C-reactive protein were performed and ana-lyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to compare levels of GDF-15 and C-reactive protein between pa-tients with the stable stage of COPD and those with acute exacerbation stage of COPD. The diagnostic efficacy was compared between GDF-15 and C-reactive protein in differentiatingthe COPD in acute exacerbation period and in the stable period. Results Level of GDF-15 in the stable COPD patients was significantly increased compared with that in the control group. The plasma GDF-15 level was significantly increased in acute exacerbation COPD patients compared to patient with the stable COPD(P<0.001). For the stable COPD patients,GDF-15 level and C-reactive protein level was positively correlated(r = 0.776,P < 0.001). In acute exacerbation COPD patients, GDF-15 level and C-reactive protein level was positively correlated (r = 0.877,P < 0.001). The ROC curves showed that the GDF-15 level on the diagnosis of acute exacerbation COPD patients with an AUC was 0.783(95%CI,0.666~0.900,P<0.001)and with the diagnostic accuracy was 69%. C-reactive protein in the acute exacer-bation of AUC diagnosis of COPD was 0.686(95%CI:0.549~0.823,P<0.01)and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 59%. Conclusion The plasma level of GDF-15 was significantly increased in COPD patients compared with people in the healthy control group. Plasma GDF-15 and C- reactive protein were highly correlated in the stable stage of COPD patients and in acute exacerbation stage of COPD patients. The diagnostic accuracy of GDF in patients with the stable stage of COPD and with acute exacerbation stage of COPD was higher than C-reactive pro tein.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and indications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by analyzing the early gastric cancer cases.Methods All the pathological materials of radical gastric resections in Huashan hospital from 2007 to 2011 were retrieved and the EGC cases were selected.All the cases in EGC group which met the extended ESD criteria were reviewed.Extended ESD criteria were cited from Treatment guidelines for gastric cancer in Japan edited by JGCA in 2001.The risk factors relevant with regional metastasis,such as invasive depth and differentiation degrees,were also analysed.Results In the recent five years,there were 1159 cases of gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in Huashan hospital including 210 EGC.According to the extended criteria of JGCA,151 cases could be candidates for ESD while 126 cases could be candidates for ESD according to the typical criteria for ESD.The local metastases of lymphatic or vascular involvement for mucosa cancer,muscularis mucosae cancer,sm1 and sm2 cancer were 6.75％,15.00％,23.25％,and 39.62％ respectively (P ＜0.05).Twenty-five cases had local metastases that met the extended criteria for ESD.Within the 210 EGC cases,the local metastases of differentiated type and undifferentiated type were 13.95％ and 47.37％ respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Most EGC cases undergoing radical gastrectomy can be cured by ESD.Its metastases are highly correlated with invasion depth and differentiation,so indications of ESD should be assessed.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathological features of pilomatricoma. METHOD: The authors retrospectively investigated the clinical and pathological materials of 399 patients with pilomatricoma. RESULT: Single lesion occurred in most patients (99%) and 56.39% of them were younger than 30 years. The male-female ratio was 1:1.33. The lesions which sizes average 1.22 cm were commonly emerged in the head, neck, and upper extremity. CONCLUSION Pilomatricoma is a slowly developed benign cutaneous tumour, but it can aggravate sometimes. It's manifestation is diversed and easily misdiagnosed. Early complete excision is recommended for hard or tenacious nodules on head, neck and upper extremity.
Adult ; Extremities ; Female ; Hair Diseases ; pathology ; surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilomatrixoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Tumor Burden

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid nodules with calcification and thyroid carcinoma and its significance in the screening of thyroid carcinoma in high risk group.Methods The clinical data of 1771 patient undergoing surgery for thyroid nodules from March, 2006 to March, 2009 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 1771 patients, 500 were finally identified as having malignant tumors. Incidence of calcification in thyroid carcinoma was 68. 4%, and that in benign thyroid nodules was 27.0% ( χ2 = 259. 5, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The specificity of microcalcification for the diagnosis of carcinoma was 89. 4%, and its positive predictive value was 66. 3% ( χ2 = 368.6, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients ＜ 45 years was 39.2%, while that in patients ≥ 45 years was 22.9% ( χ2 = 51.12, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The incidence of carcinoma in patients of single thyroid nodule was 31.7% and that in those with multiple nodules was 26. 4% (χ2 =4. 766,P ＜ 0. 05). Metastasis was pathologically diagnosed in 26. 8% of lymph nodes found by preoperative ultrasonography. Conclusions The specificity of thyroid nodule calcification, especially microcalcification is high for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. High-risk index for carcinoma includes thyroid nodules with microcalcification, ＜ 45 years old and single thyroid nodule.

Objective To study the protection of vanillin derivative VND3207 on the cytogenetic damage of mouse bone marrow cell induced by ionizing radiation.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group,2 Gy dose irradiation group,and three groups of 2 Gy irradiaiton with VND3207 protection at doses of 10,50 and 100 mg/kg,respectively.VND3207 was given by intragastric administration once a day for five days.Two hours after the last drug administration,the mice were irradiated with 2 Gy γ-rays.The changes of polychromatophilic erythroblasts micronuclei (MN),chromosome aberration (CA) and mitosis index (MI) of mouse bone marrow cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.Results Under the protection of VND3207 at the dosages 10,50,100 mg/kg,the yields of poly-chromatophilic erythroblasts MN and CA of bone marrow cells were significantly decreased(t = 2.36-4.26,P ＜ 0.05),and the marrow cells MI remained much higher level compared with the irradiated mice without drug protection (t = 2.58,2.01,P ＜ 0.05).The radiological protection effect was drug dose-dependent,and the administration of VND3207 at the dosage of 100 mg/kg resulted in reduction by 50% and 65% in the yields of MN and CA,respectively.Conclusions VND3207 had a good protection effect of on γ-ray induced cytogentic damage of mouse bone marrow cells.

69 crabs were collected from Daxing, Gekui and Niukong townships of Lvchun county, Yunnan Province in 2006 and excysted metacercariae were only obtained from crabs of Niukong. The infection rate was 27.6% (8/29) with an average metacercaria number of 2.25 each crab. No encysted metacercariae were found. The excysted metacercariae were morphologically identified as Paragonimus proliferus.