[Summary] Vitamin D is one of the fat-soluble vitamins which,eventually through activation in the liver and kidneys within the human body,becomes an important hormone——1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.Not only may 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 promote calcium and phosphate absorption by the intestine,but also stimulate the macrophages to secrete a protein(cathelicidin) which is able to digest the microbacterias,including viruses and bacteria,playing an antiinfective effects.Theofore,a proper supplementation of vitamin D would be beneficial for human health.

Objective To assess the effects of artificial cordyceps sinensis(Jin shuibao) on the numbers of podocytes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic rats.Methods Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozocin.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group (CON),diabetic model group(DM),and artificial cordyceps sinensis treatment group(CS).After intervention for 8 weeks,the numbers of podocytes were estimated hy immunohistochemistry.The expressions of nephrin,desmin,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected.Results Compared with control group,DM group showed significantly decreased podocyte numbers and nephrin mRNA,with increased desmin and MCP-1 levels(P＜0.05).While the numbers of podocytes and nephrin mRNA were increased,and the expressions of desmin and MCP-1 were decreased in CS group as compared with those in DM group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Artificial cordyceps sinensis notably improves epithelial-mesenchymal transition of podocytes,and increases the number of podocytes in diabetic rats.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a insulin regimen for the management of stress hyperglycemia induced by head injury.Methods Eighty patients (64 male, 16 female) admitted to the hospital within 24h after head injury were enrolled in the study. The age ranged from 16-75 yr. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the numeric values of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) : group Ⅰ 0, the step Ⅲ was taken to maintain blood glucose at normal level using formula Ⅱ : the maintenance dose of insulin = (last blood glucose ? 18) / 150 U?h-1 .Results The blood glucose levels before anesthesia were (12 ? 7) mmol (group Ⅰ ), (9 ? 3) mmol (group Ⅱ ) and (8 ? 5) mmol (group Ⅲ ) . The differences between the two groups were significant ( P

Objective The absorbable haemostatic membrane was used to stop bleeding during posterior spinal surgery so as to investigate the therapeutic effect and the security of the absorbable haemostatic membrane. Methods Ninety-four patients were enrolled into the experimental group and the control group. In the experimental group , the decompression wound is handled by using the regular absorbable haemostatic membrane to stop bleeding. In the control group , the conventional surgical methods , such as coagulation , brain cotton and other methods were used to stop bleeding. After the operations , patients in two groups were given indwelling vacuum drainage tube. The post operation vacuum pipe drainage , the drainage tube removing time , the incidence of postoperative complications after removing drainage tubes , the reoperation number , vital signs after 24 hour (temperature, respiration, pulse, blood pressure), and laboratory tests (blood count, coagulation function parameters) were determined and compared between two groups. Results Both the vacuum drainage at 24 hours post operation and the total vacuum drainage post operation were significantly reduced in the experimental group(P < 0.05, respectively). No significant differences in the coagulation function parameters were found between both two groups. Conclusion The absorbable haemostatic membrane may be applicable for spinal surgery.

Multiple myeloma is common in the older population and is treated mainly with chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy-related side effects imitate the clinical manifestations of Sheehan's syndrome, which leads to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, particularly for older patients without a clear history of postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, when older women with malignant myelomas show refractory hyponatremia and gastrointestinal disorders while under chemotherapy, a diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome should be considered. The early detection of the disorder will guarantee timely individualized treatment.

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics and pituitary function of patients with primary empty sella (PES).Methods The clinical data from 123 hospitalized adult patients with PES from January 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively studied.Results (1) The average age of the 123 (male 43,female 80) PES patients was (59.2 ± 13.6) years (ranging 24-92 years),among whom 61％ patients were in the age group between 50-69 years.(2) The symptoms of the patients included fatigue (56.1％),headache (34.1％),nausea and vomiting (17.9％),gonadal dysfunction (17.1％),visual disturbance (5.7％) and hypopituitarism crisis (3.3％).(3) Hypopituitarism was found in 66 of the 123 patients.Among them,36.6％,31.7％ and 17.1％ were central hypoadrenalism,hypogonadism,and hypothyroidism,respectively.The percentage of hypopituitarism in complete PES was significantly higher than that in partial PES (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Sixteen patients were concomitant with other autoimmune diseases including 11 patients with Graves' disease and 2 with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma.Conclusions The incidence of hypopituitarism in PES was 53.7％,in which the pituitary-adrenal axis hypofunction was more common.An overall evaluation of the pituitary function was essential for the patients who had headache and fatigue,or with suspected PES.The patients with hypopituitarism should be given hormone replacement therapy in time and followed up afterword.