Objective: To investigate the synergistic lethal effect and mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and aclacinomycin (ACM) on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a. Methods: Colony-forming assay was used to detect the proliferation of KG-1a cells treated with different concentration of ATO and ACM. Compusyn software was used to analyze the synergistic effect of ATO and ACM. Flow cytometry and Wright's staining were used to analyze the apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells induced by combined treatment of ATO and ACM. Western blot was used to determine the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. Results: The cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide or aclacinomycin alone was in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 0.4 μmol/L ATO and 10 nmol/L ACM was (34.5±3.1)%, significantly higher than (7.6±1.1)% of 0.4 μmol/L ATO treatment or (18.7±2.3) % of 10 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 1.5 μmol/L ATO and 37.5 nmol/L ACM was (52.5±4.7)%, significantly higher than (19.1±3.2)% of 1.5 μmol/L ATO treatment or (27.7±2.2)% of 37.5 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 3.0 μmol/L ATO and 75 nmol/L ACM was (61.3±4.5)%, significantly higher than (29.5±2.5)% of 3.0 μmol/L ATO treatment or (28.6±3.4) % of 75 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). In addition, the result of Wright's staining showed that combined treatment of ATO and ACM induced a more apparent phenotype of apoptosis when compared with single agent treatment. Compusyn software analysis showed that the combination index (CI) value of combined treatment group was less than 1, which indicated the synergistic effect of these two agents. Conclusions Combined treatment of ATO and ACM shows a synergistic lethal effect on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a via activating the apoptotic pathway, which inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis.

Buprenorphine,one kind of new drugs,is abused in recent years.In this review,some determination and extraction methods for buprenorphine are introduced.The relative merits of liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,hydrolysis and derivatization methods are compared.The analytical methods such as TLC,GC,GC/MS and LC,LC/MS are discussed.

AIM: To investigate changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in psychiatric patients after risperidone monotherapy or polytherapy treatment. METHODS: Twenty-nine in-patients who received risperidone monotherapy treatment and 25 in-patients who received polytherapy treatment of risperidone and other second-generation antipsychotics were included. Changes in thyroid hormone levels after treatment were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: After risperidone monotherapy treatment, serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and total thyroxine (TT4) significantly decreased, and serum TSH levels significantly increased (changes from baseline: FT4: median -2.52 pmol/L, P<0.001; TT4: -21.17 nmol/L, P=0.012; TSH: median 0.49 mIU/L, P=0.001). After risperidone polytherapy treatment, serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and FT4 significantly decreased, and serum TSH levels significantly increased (changes from baseline: FT3: median -0.37 pmol/L, P=0.001; TT3: median -0.17 nmol/L, P=0.008; FT4: median -2.25 pmol/L, P<0.001; TSH: median 0.97 mIU/L, P=0.029). After risperidone monotherapy treatment, moderately positive relation was found between changes in serum TT4 levels and average daily dose of risperidone. No statistical difference was found on the incidence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction between the two therapeutic regimen (6.9% vs. 12.0%, P=0.862). CONCLUSION: To avoid other disease caused by abnormal thyroid hormone levels, changes in serum thyroid hormone levels should be noticed after risperidone treatment.

BackgroundIn relation to neurodevelopmental hypothesis in the etiology of schizophrenia， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） as a neurotrophin occupies a relatively dominant position in neuronal development and is a potential biomarker for schizophrenia， and previous studies have suggested that its serum concentration and genetic polymorphisms play a vital role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia， but this remains controversial. ObjectiveTo analyze the difference in BDNF serum concentration between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls， and to explore the correlation of three BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism （SNPs） including rs11030101， rs2030324 and rs6265 with BDNF serum concentration and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia， thus providing references for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia. MethodsA case-control study was conducted on 55 patients with schizophrenia who attended the Zhongshan Third People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and 31 healthy controls concurrently recruited from the hospital or general population. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） was utilized to evaluate the psychiatric symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. BDNF serum concentration in all participants was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the genotype distributions of three BDNF SNPs （rs11030101， rs2030324， rs6265） were investigated by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method. ResultsBDNF serum concentration in patient group was lower than that in control group， with statistical difference （t=-3.804， P<0.01）. In terms of clinical symptoms， PANSS total score， excitement/hostility domain score， and depression/anxiety domain score demonstrated statistical difference among patients with different genotypes at SNP rs11030101 （t=2.022， Z=-2.696， -2.467， P<0.05 or 0.01）. No statistical difference was noted in BDNF serum concentration in patients with different genotypes at three BDNF SNPs （Z=1.483， F=2.584， 0.417， P>0.05）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia are found to have low BDNF serum concentration， and the three BDNF SNPs （rs11030101， rs2030324， rs6265） are not associated with BDNF serum concentration， whereas the BDNF rs11030101 polymorphism may contribute to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of excitement/hostility and depression/anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore， BDNF serum concentration seems to be more dependent on clinical diagnosis effect rather than genetic polymorphism. ［Funded by Guangdong Province Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project （number， A2021205）； Zhongshan Medical Research Program （number， 2022J221）］

AIM: To observe the mechanism of celecoxib reversal adriamycin resistance in NK/T cell lymphoma cells. METHODS: SNK6 and SNK6/ADR cells were treated with celecoxib of different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μmol/L), the growth inhibition rate of SNK6 and SNK6/ADR were measured by MTT method. The IC

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of the type I growth factor receptor family [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2 and ErbB3] by the epithelial cells in pterygium.

METHODSImmunoflourescent staining and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression pattern and quantity of EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 proteins in the epithelia of 15 patients with primary pterygium and 12 subjects with normal conjunctiva.

RESULTSIn immunofluorescent staining, the EGFR protein was present in the basal cells while the ErbB2 and ErbB3 were expressed by the superficial cells in normal conjunctival epithelium. Of the pterygium cases 15, 11 were stained by EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 in the full thickness of the epithelium and showed stronger staining compared with the control group. Four of them showed a similar staining pattern to the normal conjunctiva group. The density of protein bands detected by Western blotting for all three growth factor receptors was consistent with the immunofluorescent staining. Compared with normal conjunctiva, stronger protein bands of these three receptors were found in all of the pterygium specimens, in which EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 were expressed in the full thickness, as shown by immunofluorescent staining.

CONCLUSIONSThe increased expression of EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 proteins was present in pterygium, which indicated that pterygium is a disorder with abnormal proliferation. The abnormal expression of EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 by the epithelium and the communication with cytokines in the stroma in pterygium may be a key pathogenic factor in this disorder.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pterygium ; metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-3 ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate strabismus and amblyopia in preschool children in Zhongshan city and to solve the countermeasures.

METHODS: A total of 14 582 eyes of 7 291 children aged 3-7 years in urban area and urban area of Zhongshan city were randomly selected for refractive examination. Before examination, the concentration of 10g/L atropine ointment was used, to determine the corrected vision amblyopia. The ametropic amblyopia was measured by retinoscopy, and corneal mapping method was used to screen the strabismus. Then strabismus and amblyopia of preschool children in Zhongshan were analyzed.

RESULTS: Of the 7 291 preschool children, 687 had ametropia, with the rate of 9.42% and 236 amblyopia with the rate of 3.24%, 13 cases were strabismus, whit the rate of 0.18%. There were no significant differences on ametropia, amblyopia or strabismus between 3-<5 years old group and 5-7 years old group(P>0.05). Of the 236 children with amblyopia, 215 were ametropic amblyopia, account for 91.10%; 13 children with strabismic amblyopia, of which 8 concomitant esotropia, 5 concomitant exotropia; 8 children with deprivation amblyopia; the difference of children number between strabismic amblyopia and deprivation amblyopia was statistically significant(P<0.05). Of the 236 children, more 3-<5 aged children had mild amblyopia than those 5-7 aged ones(P<0.05); less 3-<5 aged children had severe amblyopia than those 5-7 aged ones(P<0.05)

CONCLUSION: The incidence of strabismus and amblyopia in preschool children in Zhongshan is relatively high. It should be screened early, and effective measures should be taken as early as possible to improve the children's vision.

AIM: To investigate the refractive state and related factors of low birth weight infants aged 3-6 years old.

METHODS: During the study period from March to June 2018, 144 cases of low birth weight infants in 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as study group. The normal birth weight of the same kindergarten was randomly selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle as control group. The refractive status and eye biometrics of the two groups were compared. The factors related to the equivalent spherical power of low birth weight were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the children of all ages, the spherical degree and the equivalent spherical degree of the study group were lower than the control group. The corneal curvature was higher than that of the control group. There were significant differences of the axial length and the cylindrical degree between the two groups for 5-6 years old children(P<0.05). After multiple regression, the equivalent spheroscopy degree =-10.491-0.442×age+0.765×gestational age+5.860×birth weight-1.529×axial length +0.547×corneal curvature(R2=0.823, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The trend of myopic refractive error and astigmatism in children with low birth weight of 3-6 years old is higher than that of normal birth weight. The refractive error is closely related to age, gestational age, birth weight, axial length and corneal curvature, which requires early monitoring and intervention.

Objective To explore the optimum method for preparation of acetylated fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica,and test the antioxidative activity of acetylated fucoidans prepared under different conditions in vitro.Methods Using acetic anhydride as acetylated reagent,N-Bromosuccinimide(NBS) as catalyst,the effects of reaction time,temperature and volume of acetylated reagent were tested by the orthogonal design method.The antioxidative activity of the prepared acetylated fucoidans in vitro was determined,including scavenging activity against superoxide,hydroxyl and DPPH radical and reducing power.Results Volume of acetylated reagent and reaction temperature were the significant factors(P

BackgroundDementia seriously affects the quality of life and lifespan of elderly people， with Alzheimer's disease （AD） being the most common type of dementia. Previous studies have suggested that gout may reduce the risk of developing AD， but the causal relationship between the two still requires further research. ObjectiveTo investigate the potential causal relationship between gout and AD through a two-sample Mendelian randomization （MR） analysis， so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of AD. MethodsData from Genome-Wide Association Studies （GWAS） extracted in 2024 were analyzed， using pooled data on gout （6 810 cases in the case group and 477 788 cases in the control group） published by UK Biobank in 2021 as the exposure variable， and data on AD （3 899 cases in the case group and 214 893 cases in the control group） published by FinnGen in the same year as the outcome variable. The inverse-variance weighted， MR-Egger regression， weighted median estimation， simple model and weighted model were used to analyze the potential causal relationship between gout and AD. Pleiotropic effects were assessed using MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity assessment was conducted using Cochran's Q test. The leave-one-out analysis was carried out for sensitivity analysis. And a funnel plot was drawn to detect potential publication bias. ResultsThe inverse-variance weighted analysis demonstrated a negative causal relationship between gout and AD （OR=0.004， 95% CI： 0~0.700， P<0.05）. The plot resembled a symmetrical inversed funnel， indicating the absence of publication bias. No heterogeneity was detected by Cochran's Q test. The MR-Egger regression indicated no significant horizontal pleiotropy. Concerning the reverse directions， no significant associations between AD and gout were noted. ConclusionThere is a negative causal relationship between gout and AD， with gout potentially reducing the risk of developing AD. ［Funded by The Third Batch of Social Welfare and Basic Research Projects （Medical and Health） of Zhongshan City in 2022 （number， 2022B3017）］