Buprenorphine,one kind of new drugs,is abused in recent years.In this review,some determination and extraction methods for buprenorphine are introduced.The relative merits of liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,hydrolysis and derivatization methods are compared.The analytical methods such as TLC,GC,GC/MS and LC,LC/MS are discussed.

Objective to establish a method used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the cyanide in biological samples by using HS/GC/ECD. Method C1CN was formed as the choramines-T derivative through reaction of the potassium cyanide with chloramines-T and then was analyzed by GC/ ECD/HS. Results if 0.2ug potassium cyanide was added to 1ml blood sample, the recovery was 84.6% and RSD was 6.39%. If 0.5ug potassium cyanide was added to 1. 0g liver, the recovery was 67.3 % and RSD was 5.05%. The detection limit of blood sample was 5ng/ml. Conclusion This method can be used for analyzing the cyanide in biological samples quantitatively.

BackgroundIn relation to neurodevelopmental hypothesis in the etiology of schizophrenia， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） as a neurotrophin occupies a relatively dominant position in neuronal development and is a potential biomarker for schizophrenia， and previous studies have suggested that its serum concentration and genetic polymorphisms play a vital role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia， but this remains controversial. ObjectiveTo analyze the difference in BDNF serum concentration between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls， and to explore the correlation of three BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism （SNPs） including rs11030101， rs2030324 and rs6265 with BDNF serum concentration and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia， thus providing references for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia. MethodsA case-control study was conducted on 55 patients with schizophrenia who attended the Zhongshan Third People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and 31 healthy controls concurrently recruited from the hospital or general population. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） was utilized to evaluate the psychiatric symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. BDNF serum concentration in all participants was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the genotype distributions of three BDNF SNPs （rs11030101， rs2030324， rs6265） were investigated by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method. ResultsBDNF serum concentration in patient group was lower than that in control group， with statistical difference （t=-3.804， P<0.01）. In terms of clinical symptoms， PANSS total score， excitement/hostility domain score， and depression/anxiety domain score demonstrated statistical difference among patients with different genotypes at SNP rs11030101 （t=2.022， Z=-2.696， -2.467， P<0.05 or 0.01）. No statistical difference was noted in BDNF serum concentration in patients with different genotypes at three BDNF SNPs （Z=1.483， F=2.584， 0.417， P>0.05）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia are found to have low BDNF serum concentration， and the three BDNF SNPs （rs11030101， rs2030324， rs6265） are not associated with BDNF serum concentration， whereas the BDNF rs11030101 polymorphism may contribute to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of excitement/hostility and depression/anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore， BDNF serum concentration seems to be more dependent on clinical diagnosis effect rather than genetic polymorphism. ［Funded by Guangdong Province Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project （number， A2021205）； Zhongshan Medical Research Program （number， 2022J221）］

We report a critically ill pregnant woman in the third trimester with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 who presented to Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan in February 2020. The 32-year-old patient was admitted at 35 +2 gestational weeks with a 4-day history of a sore throat and a fever for three hours. The patient had been to Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, and the symptoms occurred during a period of self-isolation after back home. The condition of the patient deteriorated rapidly, with left-sided chest and back pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, progressing to respiratory failure and septic shock 7 hours after her admission. In view of her critical condition and a history of two previous cesarean sections, an emergency cesarean section was performed. Blood gas analysis of the mother before the operation suggested respiratory failure, respiratory acidosis, and metabolic acidosis. During the operation, a baby boy was born. The Apgar score of the boy, birth weight of 2 700 g, was one at 1, 5 and 10 minutes despite the resuscitation efforts. The neonate died after withdrawing treatment. The patient was treated with tracheal intubation ventilator and other supportive treatments after the operation. The result of the new coronavirus nucleic acid test, taken on admission, but which was reported after delivery, was positive. The patient was transferred to the designated hospital for further treatment and was recovering with the withdrawal of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilation support at 26 and 36 days after surgery, respectively.

OBJECTIVETo detect the expressions of CCR5 and CCR7 on dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different phases of disease activity, and explore the relationship between the disease activity and the expression of chemokine receptors.

METHODSTwenty-eight patients with low, moderate and high disease activity and 10 normal control subjects were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was obtained from the subjects and the DCs were isolated. The expression of CCR5 and CCR7 on DCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the serum levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP) and anti-CCP antibody (ACPA) were assessed. The correlation of the expressions of CCR5 and CCR7 to serum RF, CRP, and ACPA levels of the RA patients were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared to the normal control group, RA patients showed enhanced expressions of CCR5 and CCR7 on the DCs. A linear correlation was noted between CCR5 and CCR7 expressions on the DCs and the serum levels of RF and CRP, but not ACPA, in the RA patients.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of CCR5 and CCR7 on the DCs may correlate to the disease activity of RA, and may serve as valuable indices in monitoring the disease activity and the efficacy of the treatment.

Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; blood ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, CCR5 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CCR7 ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate the refractive state and related factors of low birth weight infants aged 3-6 years old.

METHODS: During the study period from March to June 2018, 144 cases of low birth weight infants in 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as study group. The normal birth weight of the same kindergarten was randomly selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle as control group. The refractive status and eye biometrics of the two groups were compared. The factors related to the equivalent spherical power of low birth weight were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the children of all ages, the spherical degree and the equivalent spherical degree of the study group were lower than the control group. The corneal curvature was higher than that of the control group. There were significant differences of the axial length and the cylindrical degree between the two groups for 5-6 years old children(P<0.05). After multiple regression, the equivalent spheroscopy degree =-10.491-0.442×age+0.765×gestational age+5.860×birth weight-1.529×axial length +0.547×corneal curvature(R2=0.823, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The trend of myopic refractive error and astigmatism in children with low birth weight of 3-6 years old is higher than that of normal birth weight. The refractive error is closely related to age, gestational age, birth weight, axial length and corneal curvature, which requires early monitoring and intervention.

Objective: To evaluate the compliance of participants to recommended liver cancer screening and to assess the incidence of subsequent liver cancer. Methods: Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City launched liver cancer screening in 2012, in agreement with the requirements of the Committee on Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Foundation in China. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was the initial screening test performed in the population. We proposed that subjects positive for HBsAg undergo biannual screening using serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) tests and ultrasonography. All subjects were followed up till the end of December 2017. The prevalence of liver cancer and patients' compliance were statistically analyzed. Results: 1) We identified 2,882 HBsAg-positive participants among the total of 19,386 participants in 2012. The HBsAg positivity rate was 14.9%. 13 patients with liver cancer, identified in the preliminary screening, were excluded from the study, and the remaining 2,869 participants were followed-up. During four consecutive years (2014-2017), the compliance to AFP testing (58.9%) was higher than that (57.2%) to ultrasonography (P<0.01). The compliance to AFP and ultrasonography in the first half of the year were 62.8% and 62.2%, respectively, and the compliance in the latter half of the year were 55.0% and 52.1%, respectively. The compliance in the first half of the year was higher than that in the latter half of the year (P<0.01). The compliance to screening was higher in women than in men. The compliance was the lowest in men aged 35-44 years. 2) The incidence of liver cancer in HBsAg-positive participants and HBsAg-negative participants were 363.5/105 and 20.9/105, respectively. The former was higher than the latter (P<0.05). The rate of early diagnosis (57.9% vs. 47.4%) did not differ significantly between the two groups (P>0.05). 3) The liver cancer patients in the high compliance to ultrasonography screening and HBsAg-positive groups had better survival rates than those in the low-compliance and HBsAg-negative groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions: The rates of compliance to screening and the early diagnosis rate of liver cancer are low in HBsAg-positive participants. The liver cancer survival is relatively good in the cohort with high ultrasonography compliance. Improving the compliance of HBsAg-positive population is one of the important ways to increase the early diagnosis rate and survival rate of liver cancer.

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effects and safety of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation used during cardiac surgery to treat atrial fibrillation.

METHODSWe retrospectively studied a total of 81 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent open cardiac surgery with concomitant RF ablation between January 2007 and March 2011. Fifty-eight patients received bipolar RF ablation and 23 received monopolar RF ablation, respectively. The sinus rhythm restoration rate, the procedural duration, the frequency of severe perioperative complications, and mortality were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe sinus rhythm restoration rate did not differ significantly between the two groups after follow-up of 15.1 ± 12.6 months (P=0.199). The frequencies of severe perioperative complications and mortality were also similar in the two groups. The total procedural time using bipolar RF ablation was significantly shorter than that using monopolar ablation (19.7 ± 4.6 minutes vs. 28.1 ± 8.5 minutes, P< 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSBoth monopolar and bipolar RF ablation are safe and effective in treating chronic atrial fibrillation patients during open cardiac surgery, but bipolar RF ablation is more convenient in practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; pathology ; surgery ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Function Tests ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

【Objective】To investigate the expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer and its correlation to the ultrasound findings and clinical significance.【Methods】Immunohistochemical and ultrasound examination were performed for 155 cases with invasive breast cancer，36 cases with paracancerous tissue and 30 cases with normal breast tissue. To investigate the correlations between the different expression of FosB with histological grade ，lymph nodes，and ultrasound findings.【Results】①The expression of FosB in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue was higher than that in invasive breast cancer（P＜0.01）. ②Based on immunohistochemical staining，high positive expression rate of FosB was associated with low histological grade，ER positive and PR positive（P＜0.05）. There was no correlation between FosB and age，tumor diameter，lymph nodes，Her2 and clinical stages（P＞0.05）③The expression of FosB was higher in microcalcification positive and lymph nodes bigger tissues（P＜0.05）. There was no correlation between FosB and tumor size， regular shape，boundary，posterior attenuation ratio and blood flow（P＞0.05）.【Conclusion】The expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer was lower than that in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue. The different expression of FosB was correlated with histological grade，ER positive and PR positive. To study the expression of FosB in invasive breast cancer may be helpful for differential diagnosis and targeted treatment. The different expression of FosB was correlated with microcalcification，lymph nodes，and combined FosB with ultrasound findings may contribute to prognostic evaluation of breast cancer.

Objective To develop the analytical method to determine the content of dexamethasone in human plasma by solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. Methods The human plasma was extracted with a solid phase extraction(SPE) and determined by UPLC-MS/MS. LC-MS/MS was performed in ESI source with MRM mode for quantification. Results The lowest detectable limit was 0.05ng/mL, the linear range was 1~100ng/mL. The absolute recovery was more than 78.1%. The intra- and inter day precision was within 15% at three concentrations. Conclusion Since the procedure proved to be simple, quick and effective, it could be used for the determination of dexamethasone in human plasma.