Objective To explore the effects of Xuan Yun Ning on the plasma endothelin in pafients with vertebrobasilar ischemia.Methods 60 cases of vertebrobasila ischemia were randomly recruited into a treatment group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Nimodipin,and the treatment group was treated with Xuan Yun Ning plus Nimodipin.Another 30 healthy persons whose age is more than 40 years were recruited for a healthy control group without any treatment The alterations of plasma endothelin were measured by radiation immunological test in the treatment group,the control group,and the healthy control group.Results The elevated plasma endothelin was significantly decreased in treatment group than the control group and the healthy control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Xuan Yun Ning improves the blood volume by lowering the level of plasma endothelin and thus treats patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia.

Objective To explore the expression of protein phosphotase-2A(PP-2A) in plasma in the patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods The expression of PP-2A was measured by Western-blot in control group(n=11),1-year MCI group(n=10),2-year MCI group(n=10) and 3-year MCI group(n=10). Results The expression of PP-2A in 1-year MCI group(0.96±0.06) and in 2-year MCI group(0.93±0.07) was not obviously lower as compared with control group(1.00±0.08)(P>0.05),but a significant difference was induced between 3-year MCI group and control group(P<0.05),and between 3-year MCI group and 1-year MCI group(P<0.05),but wasn't between 3-year MCI group and 2-year MCI group(P>0.05). Conclusion Lower expression of PP-2A in plasma implies a possible value of MCI diagnosis.

Objective To explore the change of glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK-3) activity in lymphocytes in patients with mild cognition impairment(MCI).Methods The phosphorylation of GSK-3? at Ser 9 site and total level of GSK-3? in peripheral blood were measured by Western-blot in normal control group,one-year MCI group,two-year MCI group and three-year MCI group.Results The phosphorylation of GSK-3? at Ser 9 site were lower in 1-year MCI group,2-year MCI group and 3-year MCI group,compared with normal control group(all P0.05).Conclusion The activity of GSK-3 in lymphocytes in MCI patients is raised,which implies a subsidiary value of MCI diagnosis.

Objective To explore changes in glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) levels in the lymphocytes of patients with mild cognition impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods GSK-3 activity was measured by 32P liquid scintillography in a control group, an MCI group and an AD group. The expressions of GSK-3βat Ser9 and total GSK-3β were determined by western blotting. Results GSK-3 levels were significantly higher in the AD and MCI groups than in the control group. The phosphorylation of GSK-3βat Ser9 was significantly lower in the AD and MCI groups compared with the control group, but there was no difference in the phosphorylation of total GSK-3β among the three groups. Conclusions Higher GSK-3 activity in the lymphocytes might have value in the diagnosis of MCI and early AD.

The changes of glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK-3)and protein phosphatase-2A(PP-2A),and the role of them in the regulation of the abnormally hyperphosphorylated some sites of tau in the cortex of diabetic rat were investigated.The diabetic rat model was induced by streptozotocin.The activities of GSK-3,PP-2A were measured by liquid scintillation for incorporated radioactivity in control,DM,DM + Li2CO3 groups.The level of hyperphosphorylated tau and the expression of 2PP-2A was measured respectively by Western blot.It is suggested that GSK-3 activity increases,PP-2A activity and expression decrease,and hyperphosphorylated tau be produced at Ser198/Ser199/Ser202 and Ser396/Ser404 in DM rats cortex.After the DM rat were treated with Li2CO3,the inhibition of GSK-3 activity and the improvement of PP-2A activity were found,and hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser198/Ser199/Ser202 and Ser396/Ser404 were deduced.These studies firstly suggested that an increase of GSK-3 activity might inhibit PP-2A activity,and which produce hyperphosphorylated of tau at Ser198/Ser199/Ser202 and Ser396/Ser404 in DM rat cortex in common.

Objective To investigate the reduction of amyloid beta peptide (A?) production induced by insulin in the cortex of diabetic rat. Methods 15 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetes group, and diabetes plus insulin group. The diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was measured by 32P liquid scintillography for incorporated radioactivity in control group, DM group, DM+insulin group, the production of A? was determined by sandwich ELISA in each group, and the expression of APP was determined by Western-blot. Results In control group, the activity of GSK-3 (1.04?0.11), the production of A? (A?_ 40 (40.92?5.34) pg/?l, A?_ 42 (29.64?3.19) pg/?l)and the levels of full-length APP(1.05?0.08) was low, but in DM group, the activity of GSK-3 (2.02?0.12) and the production of A?(A?_ 40 (67.53?11.69) pg/?l, A?_ 42 (45.02?4.10) pg/?l) increased (P