Objective To evaluate the value of 3D-PCASL in the pre-operation brain gliomas-grading.Methods 3D-PCASL images of 41 cases of gliomas comfirmed by pathology,including 20 cases of low-grade and 21 cases of high-grade were retrospectively analyzed. The cerebral blood flows of the solid region of tumor (TBF),1cm and 1 cm-2 cm brain tissue around the tumor,and contralateral normal brain CBF were obtained based on the region of interest (ROI),respectively.Results According to independent sample t-test,all had statisti-cally significant differences (P <0.001)between high and low-grade gliomas except the 1-2 cm region around the tumor.One-way ANO-VA displayed that all of them had its statistically significant between differences region (P <0.001)in high-grade gliomas,which had statisti-cally significant differences (P <0.001)except 1 cm and 1 -2 cm of peri-tumor in low-grade gliomas.ROC curve analysis of TBF/contralateral gray matter showed that the area under the curve was 0.96.When 2 was chosen as threshold of rCBF,there was the highest sensitivity (85.7%)and specificity (100%).The accurate rate of conventional MRI for gliomas dianosis was 76% and the ac-curate rate of conventional MRI with ASL was 93%,which was statistically significant difference (χ2 =6.61,P =0.01)between two methodson the chi-square test.Conclusion 3D-PCASL can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of different grade brain gliomas.Com-pared with others parameters,rCBF have a higher sensitivity and specificity.

Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable kary-otypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp.,but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified.In this study,three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp.[including dioecious M.notabilis(male and female)and Morus yunnanensis(female)]with genome sizes of 301-329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes.Using a combination of genomic approaches,we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes,and that sev-eral chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy(2n=2x=12).We also charac-terized a～6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3.Four potential male-specific genes,a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene(named MSDH)and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons(named MSTG1/2/3),were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation.Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mul-berry.In addition,genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mul-berry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified.Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.