Objective To observe the effectiveness of probucol for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with hyperlipidemia.Methods Fifty-two patients (104 eyes) of NPDR with hyperlipidemia were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,26 patients (52 eyes) in each group.Both groups received diet and exercise guidance,oral hypoglycemic agents and (or) intensive insulin therapy.After blood sugar and blood pressure were controlled,the treatment group received probucol 0.5 g,two times per day; and the control group received atorvastatin of 10 mg,one time per day.The total course was 12 months.Before and after one,three,six and 12 months,all patients underwent vision,ophthalmoscope,fundus fluorescein angiography,blood and urine tested.Variations of visual acuity,fundus condition,macular edema,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and 8-0HdG were observed before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate of visual prognosis were 44.23％ and 40.38％ in the treatment group and the control group,the difference had no statistical significacy (Z＝-0.335,P＞0.05).Retinal hemorrhages and microaneurysms alleviated after treatment in both groups.The total efficiency of fundus prognosis was 65.38％ in the treatment group and 36.54％ in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.973,P＜0.05).Macular edema was in six and five eyes in the treatment group and the control group respectively,which were lower than before treatment,the difference was statisticaly significant (x2=4.833,4.300; P＜0.05).Between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.102,P＞ 0.05).Twelve months after treatment,TG,TC and LDLC were decreased in the treatment group (t=15.653,7.634,14.871) and control group (t=13.275,7.415,13.632),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).HDLC showed no significant difference than before in the two groups (t=0.584,0.275; P＞0.05).TG,TC,LDLC and HDLC showed no difference between the two groups (t＝1.857,0.133,1.671,0.875; P＞0.05).8-0HdG decreased gradually during the one,three,six and 12 months in the treatment group (t=7.352,15.581,27.324,28.143) and control group (t =6.877,8.672,14.671,14.855) after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the first month aftertreatment,8 0HdG showed no difference between the two groups (t=0.513,P＞0.05).In the 3,6,and 12 months after treatment,the 8 0HdG was lower in the treatment group than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.434,5.917,5.226; P＜0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of NPDR with hyperlipidemia,probucol can reduce blood lipid,stable visual function and relieve macular edema.

Objective To observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after treatment with PD-1 inhibitor and its clinical effect.Methods Totally 23 patients with NSCLC in Guangzhou Modern Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were collected.All patients were given 6 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatment after chemotherapy or targeted drug treatment failure.Peripheral venous blood was collected before and after treatment to detect the percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 + and NK cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes.The curative effects were evaluated by chest CT after treatment of 2,4,6 cycles.Results Compared with before treatment,the proportions of CD3+ (69.56％ ±7.81％ vs.63.91％ ±6.43％,t =2.679,P =0.005),CD4+ (39.01％ ±4.98％ vs.36.09％ ±4.77％,t =2.031,P =0.024) and CD4+/CD8+ (1.82 ±0.48 vs.1.49 ± 0.32,t =2.743,P =0.004) were increased after treatment,with significant differences.While compared with before treatment,the proportions of CD8 + (24.08％ ± 5.13％ vs.26.04％ ± 6.44％,t =1.142,P =0.130) and NK cells (22.68 ％ ± 9.56％ vs.21.45 ％ ± 10.01％,t =0.426,P =0.337) had little changes,with no significant differences.There were 3 patients with complete remission,10 patients with partial remission,8 patients with stable disease and 2 patients with progressive disease when completing 6 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatment.Ten patients showed untoward effects such as mild sleepiness,thirst,tussis,pruritus and rash,and they were well tolerable.Conclusion PD-1 inhibitor can improve the patient's cellular immune function,and can achieve a more satisfactory short-term efficacy and acceptable adverse reactions,which maybe bring new hopes for patients with NSCLC.

Animals ; Humans ; Inflammasomes ; Liver Diseases ; pathology

Objective To investigate correlation between the amount of interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing cells and the expression of transforming growth factor (31 (TGF-β1) in glioma,and evaluate the clinical values of IL-17 and TGF-pl in predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The presence of IL-17 and TGF-pl was measured by immunohistochemistry in 135 human glioma (WHO Ⅰ 18,WHO Ⅱ 45,WHO Ⅲ 53,WHO Ⅳ 19) tissues and 15 normal brain tissues. Results There was no IL-17 positive staining in normal brain tissues. Of 135 glioma specimens showed low TGF-pl expression and 77 (57. 03% ) showed high TGF-pl expression. No TGF-β1 expression was detected in normal brain tissue. Furthermore,TGF-β1 expression was positively correlated with the amount of IL-17 producing cells in glioma tissues ( r=0.285, P<0.01). Compared with the low grade,the levels of IL-17 and TGF-pl positive cells were obviously increased in high grade. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the IL-17 and TGF-pl high-expression and lowexpression group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The 3-year OS rates of IL-17 of high expression and low expression were 33.75% and 76. 36%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that age,KPS score, IL-17 were independent prognostic factor for OS (P＜0.01). Conclusion Intratumoral IL-17-producing cell density and the expression of TGF-β1 was associated with the malignancy of human glioma.

BACKGROUND:The relationship between long-term heavy drinking and alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head has long been clear, but thepathogenesis of alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head is currently not fuly understood.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a rat model of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head and to study its pathogenesis.
METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 rats per group). Rats in the experimental group were intragastricaly administered strong wine 10 mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Rats in the control group were given physiological saline 10mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Bilateral femoral heads were randomly colected from six rats every month for histomorphological observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Osteonecrosis: in the experimental group, at 3 months, trabecular bone became thin, arranged disorderly, and the number of empty lacuna began to increase. At 6 months, typical osteonecrosis appeared, and vacant lacunaes increased significantly. In the control group, trabecular bone was complete and neatly arranged. Osteocytes were visible in bone lacuna, and normal morphology of cels was seen. (2) Injury of blood vessels: in the experimental group, at 3 months, micro-intimal hyperplasia was observed. Elastic fibers of partial vascular endothelium were reduced. Elastic fiber andmiddle-layer smooth muscle breakage and proliferation were found. At 6 months, above manifestations were more remarkable. In the control group, arteriole film was not thickened, and vessel wal was normal. (3) Formation of microthrombus, in the experimental group, the number of microthrombus was increased at 3 months, and became significant at 6 months. In the control group, the number of microthrombus was not altered. (4) Results indicated that chronic alcohol intake can lead to microvascular endothelial injury in the rat femoral head. Abnormal blood microcirculation was detected in local region, and resulted in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The degree of necrosis was associated with alcohol intake.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value comparatively of CT and radiography in pneumoconiosis.Methods Chest radiographic and CT images were analyzed retrospectively in 52 cases with pneumoconiosis.Results The pulmonary disseminated small shadowes (diameter 10 mm),13 cases and 9 cases were detected by CT and radiography respectively.20 cases (5 pneumonia,3 pulmonary tuberculosis,1 lung cancer,6 pneumothorax,4 pulmonary emphysema) and 10 cases (1 pneumonia,1 pulmonary tuberculosis,6 pneumothorax,2 pulmonary emphysema) with complications were showed by CT and radiography respectively.Conclusion CT is not superior to radiography in diagnosis of simple pneumoconiosis,but CT is superior to radiography detecting the big shadow of lung and complications,and it can help radiologists to avoid mistakes.

AIM To observe the relationship between dose effect and time effect on hepatoxicity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis extract in rats.MOTHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups:low,middle and high (3,10,and 30 g/kg) dose of G.Jasminoides groups (administrated by gavage),and the normal control group were orally given deionized water.All rats were observed daily during the administration period.On the 7th,14th,28th day after the administration,blood samples were collected;serum alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity and total bile acid (TBA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined.The livers were weighed and the liver index was calculated.HE staining and observation of histopathological changes in the structure of liver tissue under light microscopy were performed.RESULTS After the 7th day of administration,the rats in high dose group showed lower food consumption and slowly increased body weight.Serum ALT,AST,ALP,TBA,TBIL and GLDH in rats from high dose group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group.The liver index of rats in the middle and high dose groups was significantly increased than that in the normal control group.After the 14th day of administration,serum ALT,TBA and TBIL in rats from the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the normal group.The liver index of rats in the middle and high dose groups was significantly increased than that in the normal control group.After 28th day of administration,serum ALT and TBA in the rats from the high dose group,TBIL and GLDH in rats from the middle dose group,and GLDH in rats from the low dose group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group.The liver indexes of rats in all dose groups were significantly increased than those in the normal control group.After the 7th,14th or 28th day of the treatment,histopathological changes such as the liver cell hypertrophy,interlobular bile duct hyperplasia,and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared in the middle and high dose groups.CONCLUSION The high dose of G.jasminoides can induce and increase liver toxicity with the increase in dose,but at high dose level,liver toxicity does not increase with time.

BACKGROUND:Cel membrane microparticles CD31 and CD54 lead to microvascular injury in the femoral head by mediating vascular inflammatory response, promoting blood clotting, affecting vasomotion and promoting vascular endothelial injury. Studies have verified that membrane particles play an important role in steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head, but there is no studies concerning relationship between microparticles and alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. METHODS/DESIGN:This is a randomized control ed animal study. Healthy male Wistar rats wil be randomly assigned to two groups. In the model group, rats wil be intragastrical y administered hard liquor for 6 consecutive months to prepare models of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Blank controls wil be intragastrical y given an equal volume of physiological saline. In 1-6 months of intervention, six rats wil be randomly selected from each group every month. Blood wil be col ected separately. Flow cytometry wil be used to detect serum cel membrane particles CD31, CD54 levels. Bilateral femoral head wil be fixed, decalcified, embedded in wax, and then sections. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, empty bone lacuna wil be quantified under a light microscope to identify femoral head necrosis. Verhoff’s staining and MSB microthrombosis staining wil be used to observe microvascular injury and microvascular thrombosis in the femoral head, and to analyze the correlation of CD31 and CD54 levels with femoral head necrosis, vascular endothelial injury and microvascular thrombosis. DISCUSSION:This study wil investigate the effects of CD31 and CD54 on alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head, explore the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head, provide a new theoretical basis for early diagnosis and early treatment, and may provide a new target for its treatment. ETHICS APPROVAL:The protocol has been approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University (approval number YKD2016154). Experimental procedures and materials of rats wil be in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which is consistent with the guide of National Institutes of Health. Subject headings:Femur Head Necrosis;Membrane Proteins;Tissue Engineering

AIM: To investigate the protective effects and the mechanisms of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1 ) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury after lung transplantation in rats. METHODS: 36 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 in each) : sham operation group ( control group) , lung transplantation (LT)group and PGE1 treatment group. PGE1 was administered to the rats through intra-venous way from 10 min before the operation to the end of the reperfusion. The wet/dry ratio of lung, lung permeability index and neutro-phil percentage were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALE). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malond-ialdehyde (MDA) of lung tissue were measured by color-imetry. Serum level of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The wet/dry ratio of lung, lungpermeability index and neutrophils percentage in BALF and MDA content of lung tissue in LT group were higher than those in control group( P

Objective To study the influence of probucol on the diabetic mellitus patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) about blood lipids,serum level of the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC),malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and macular edema,so as to provide clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of early DR by probucol.Methods 66 type 2 diabetes patients with 127 NPDR eyes were included.Patients were random divided into control and treatment groups,the control group was treated by intensive therapy of blood glucose and blood pressure control,and the treatment group was treated with the intensive therapy and probucol 0.375g,2 times a day for 12 months.Before and after treatment,the blood lipids,oxidative stress indicators and fundus fluorescein angiography in both groups had been determined.Results 62 cases with 120 eyes were enrolled in this study.Probucol obviously decreased levels of total cholesterol (TC) [ (3.6 ± 0.58) mmol/L VS (4.71 ± 0.61)mmol/L,t = 7.65,P ＜ 0.01 ],triglyceride (TG) [ (1.07 ± 0.35) mmol/L VS (1.23 ± 0.43) mmol/L,t = 2.02,P ＜ 0.05 ],low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) [ (2.0 ± 0.47) mmol/L VS (2.55 ±0.56)mmol/L,t =4.18,P ＜0.01] and MDA[ (10.35 ±2.97)nmol/L VS (14.83 ±2.75)nmol/L,t =6.18,P ＜0.01] in plasma of the patients.Levels of TAOC [(19.25±4.11)u/ml VS (16.63 ±3.27)u/ml,t =3.57,P ＜0.01 ]and SOD[ (94.52 ± 10.28)u/ml VS (75.37 ± 9.87) u/ml,t =8.62,P ＜0.01]were significantly improved in the probucol group,and the macular edema was significantly reduced in patients of the probucol group(x2 =4.219,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Probucol regulated serum lipids,and it had the apparent action of antioxidant,and it decreased the incidence of macular edema.Probucol had a therapeutic effect in patients with NDPR.