BACKGROUND: How dose sodium nitroprusside, as a vasodilatator, affect the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in hematopoietic differentiation?OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes during the differentiation of MSCs into hematopoietic cells after adding sodium nitroprusside, and compare the results with those of simple MSCs transplantation.DESIGN: A randomized grouping, controlled observation.SETTINGS: Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Guangzhou Medical College in August 2006. Twenty-seven clean-degree balb/c mice of 7-8 weeks, were used as recipients, and were randomly divided into MSCs transplantation group (n =9), sodium nitroprusside+MSCs transplantation group (n =9) and blank control group (n =9). Another 4-week-old SD rat was selected as the MSCs donor. Sodium nitroprusside for injection (50 mg/piece) was provided by Beijing Double-Crane Modern Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd (National drug approval: No. H11020907).METHODS: ① Under aseptic condition, the femur of SD rat was collected. MSCs in it were isolated for culture and amplifying in vitro. MSCs of passages 6-7 were digested and centrifugated, and the density was adjusted to 1×109 L-1.Monoclonal antibody with fluorescence labeled was added into cell suspension, and the phenotype was detected with flow cytometry. ② Sodium nitroprusside (50 mg/piece) was adjusted to the terminal concentration of 200 mg/L by adding with saline. It should be used within 4 hours. ③ Before transplantation, all the mice were exposed to 5.0 Gy. X-ray for 4 hours, and the absorbed dose was 1.45 Gy per minute. After irradiation, mice in the MSCs transplantation group were directly infused via caudal vein with 0.3 mL MSCs suspension (containing 1.5×106 cells); The mice in the sodium nitroprusside+MSCstransplantation group were firstly injected with the dispensed 200 mg/L sodium nitroprusside (0.15 mL), and immediately infused with 0.3 mL MSCs suspension (containing 1.5×106 cells) after 1 minute; The mice in the blank control group were infused with isovolume serum-free culture medium. ④ At 60 days after transplantation,peripheral blood was drawn from orbits of the survived mice in each group, single cell suspensions of bone marrow and spleen were prepared after the mice were killed, the levels of rat-derived hematopoietic cells CD11a and CD45 were detected with flow cytometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MSCs culture and amplification; ② Levels of rat-derived hematopoietic cells in different tissues.RESULTS: All the 27 balb/c mice as recipients survived to the end of the experiment. ① MSCs isolation and amplification: The MSCs attached with uniform shapes of spindle and proliferated rapidly after culture for 3 days, and 90% of the cells were fused without overlapping at 6 days. The cells attached completely within 24 hours after passage,extended and became spindle again, rapidly proliferated and grew, and became fused completely at 3 days. ② Levels of rat-derived hematopoietic cells in different tissues: In the MSCs transplantation group and sodium nitroprusside+MSCs transplantation group, Iow expressions of rat-derived CD11a and CD45 hematopoietic cells could be detected in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen, and they were obviously higher in the sodium nitroprusside+MSCs transplantation group than in the MSCs transplantation group (t=2.619, P ＜ 0.05), while negative ones in the blank control group.CONCLUSION: MSCs have the ability to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells, which can be promoted by sodium nitroprusside.

Objective To study the influence of seminal plasma reactive oxygen species(ROS),cell factors and sperm quality in infertile male with Uu infection and explore its action mechanism in male infertility.Methods Chose 83 cases of male in-fertility with Uu infection as the experimental group (Uu+ infertility group),30 cases of male infertility without Uu infec-tion (Uu- infertility group)and 30 normal men with children as a control (Normal fertility group).Respectively,determi-nate the levels of seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),IL-6,IL-10,IL-18 and TNF-α,and analyzed its correlation.Results In Uu+ infertility group,the levels of MDA (19.56±5.22 nmol/ml),IL-6 (58.31±8.94 pg/ml),IL-18 (38.16±17.02 pg/ml)and TNF-α(42.68±11.18 pg/ml)were obviously higher than those in the other two groups (t=4.35~20.43,P value<0.001),and the level of IL-10 (8.62±2.98 pg/ml)and SOD (95.36±20.03 μmol/L) was lower than those in the other two groups (t=3.67~23.74,P value<0.001).Correlation analysis found that MDA of Uu+ infertility group was positively correlated with TNF-α,IL-18 (r=0.61,0.55,P value<0.001),and negatively correla-ted with SOD and IL-10 (r=-0.55,-0.53,P value<0.001).Conclusion The results suggested that Uu infection caused the level of reactive oxidative increasing,cytokines counterbalance disorder and affected sperm quality.So it is of great signif-icance for the treatment to test the levels of ROS and cytokines in patients with male sterility.

AIM: To examine the effect of external counterpulsation(ECP) on renin-angiotensin system(RAS) and hemodynamics in dogs with myocardial ischemia and their relationship. METHODS: Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occluding the left anterior descending of the dogs. The local renin activity, angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) level, angiotension-converting enzyme(ACE) activity were tested by biochemical methods and hemodynamics was recorded by a 8-channel physiological recorder. RESULTS: Ischemia could actiivate renin,ACE and AngⅡ in cardiovasculature and ECP reduced them except for renin in ischemic myocardium. Ischemia also could activate RAS in lung and kidney, which play an important role on circulating RAS, and ECP reduced them. Furthermore, ECP could improve hemodynamics and there existed a close relationship between local AngⅡlevel and hemodynamics. CONCLUSION: ECP can reduce local RAS and improve hemodynamics in dogs with myocardial ischemia, which might be one of mechanisms underlying the protective effect of ECP on ischemic myocardium.

AIM: To examine the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) on experimental asthma in guinea pigs. METHODS: Guinea pigs were sensitized with BCG and then with ovalbumin (ip). Two weeks later, guinea pigs were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol inhalation. Thirty one Guinea pigs were divided into three groups at random control group,OVA-treated group, BCG and OVA-treated group.RESULTS: Ovalbumin inhalation caused a marked airway infiltration of eosinophils and all the animals exhibit asthmatic symptoms. Pretreatment with BCG induced typical increase in lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BCG markedly inhibited eosinophil infiltration and attenuated the asthmatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that BCG exerts an inhibitory effect on asthmatic inflammation.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of blood glucose fluctuation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with end stage diabetic nephropathy(ESDN) attaining glycated hemoglobin standard. Methods The study recruited 17 patients with type 2 diabetes attaining glycated hemoglobin standard, and used continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) to monitor glycemic variation for 72 h. General information was collected and biochemical indexes were determined. Results The mean amplitude glycemic excur-sions (MAGE), standard deviation ,mean blood glucose levels, maximum of blood sugar, and the proportion of greater than 13.9 mmol/L in peritoneal dialysis patients were (8.36 ± 4.44) mmol/L, (3.38±1.08) mmol/L, (9.88±1.92) mmol/L, (17.95±13.11)%, which were significantly higher than those in normal. The mean amplitude glycemic excur-sions (MAGE), standard deviation ,mean blood glucose levels, maximum of blood sugar, and the proportion of greater than 13. 9 mmol/L in daytime were (8.25± 3.71) mmol/L, (2.83±0.89) mmol/L, (11.32±2.54) mmol/L, (16.61±3.86) mmol/L, (28.45±19.56)%, which were significantly higher than those in nighttime: (4.20±2.67) mmol/L, (1.34±0.89) mmol/L, (7.02±1.92) mmol/L, (9.61±2.77) mmol/L, (5.31±1.28)%, all P<0.05. The minimum and the proportion of less than 3.9 mmol/L between the two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). Besides, biochemical glycosylated hemoglobin was less than the calculated from CGMS: (5.88± 0.73)%vs. (7.85±1.20)%, t=4.76, P<0.01. Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis patients with ESDN have an increased glycemic fluctuation and a unsatisfied glycemic control, which is worse in daytime. Glycosylated hemoglobin is undervalued. Glycosylated hemoglobin should not be simply used on hemodialysis patients with ESDN to evaluate whether they have a good glycemic control. CGMS can better describe their blood sugar condition.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved good efficacy in treatment of hematological malignancies. As a precise and individualized treatment method, CAR-T is gradually moving towards commercialization. In addition to the introduction of corresponding policies and guiding principles, the related detection protocols should also be updated and improved to maximize its effect and achieve precise individualization. This article introduces and expands the concept of "companion diagnostics" that first appeared in targeted drugs, and introduces the significances of various detection technologies and biomarkers for patient screening, safety monitoring and evaluation of efficacy and CAR-T function in the whole process of CAR-T treatment.