Objective:To investigate the application value of hepatic vein outflow tract reconstruction with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene vascular in right lobe living donor liver trans-plantation.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopatho-logical data of 4 donors and 4 recipients undergoing right lobe living donor liver transplantation in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School and 17 donors and 17 recipients undergoing right lobe living donor liver transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from June 2015 to August 2018 were collected. Of 21 donors, there were 10 males and 11 females, aged from 35 to 57 years, with a median age of 46 years. The median body mass of 21 donors were 64 kg, with a range from 56 to 72 kg. Of 21 recipients, there were 16 males and 5 females, aged from 21 to 68 years, with a median age of 42 years. The median body mass of 21 recipients were 63 kg, with a range from 47 to 77 kg. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect graft function, tumor recurrence, vascular graft complications, patency of vascular graft and survival of recipients up to August 2020. All recipients will be followed up for all their lives. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate patency rates of hepatic vein outflow tract and survival rates to draw patency curve and survival curve. Results:(1) Surgical and postoperative situations: the operation time, the weight of donor graft, graft to recipient weight ratio and duration of hospital stay of 21 donors were (367±72)minutes, (557±68)g, 0.89%±0.16% and (10+2)days, respectively. No major complication requiring reoperation or intervention occurred in any of the 21 donors. One donor undergoing mild bile leakage preserved peritoneal drainage for one week. All 21 recipients underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation successfully. The time of hepatic vein outflow tract reconstruction in donor graft, operation time and time of anhepatic phase of 21 recipients were (24±4)minutes, (326±66)minutes and (42±6)minutes, respectively. The number of reconstructed middle hepatic vein in hepatic segment 5 and 8 were 18 and 15, with the diameter of (6.1±1.3)mm and (7.2±1.2)mm, respectively. The number of reconstructed inferior right hepatic vein were 10, with the diameter of (6.3±1.3)mm. The postoperative treatment time at intensive care unit and duration of hospital stay of 21 recipients were (1.5±0.9)days and (22.6±6.7)days, respectively. Ten of 21 recipients underwent postoperative complications. Five recipients underwent graft dysfunction including the level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase >1 000 IU/L and the level of bilirubin slightly increasing, combined with increased ascites. Enhanced computed tomography scan showed congestion in the right anterior of graft and thrombosis in the middle hepatic vein of hepatic segment 5 and segment 8. All 5 recipients undergoing graft dysfunction recovered with normal liver function and ascites decreasing after symptomatic treatment including liver protection therapy, anticoagulation and albumin infusion. Two recipients underwent inferior vena cava thrombosis and intractable pleural effusion one month after operation. Vena cava venography examination showed thrombosis in the graft vascular. Of the 2 recipients, one case with collateral circulation formation recovered undergoing balloon dilatation and stent placement combined with anticoagulation therapy of warfarin. The other one case recovered after anticoagulation therapy of warfarin. One recipient undergoing bile leakage and abdominal infection with klebsiella pneumoniae recovered after symptomatic treatment. Two recipients undergoing abdominal infection or pulmonary infection recovered after symptomatic treatment. There was no serious complication or death during perioperative period. (2) Follow-up: all 21 recipients were followed up for 10 to 57 months, with a median follow-up time of 38 months. During the follow-up, no recipient underwent graft dysfunction and 2 recipients had tumor recurrence at postoperative 6 months. Six of the 21 recipients died within 2 years after operation including 3 cases dying of tumor recurrence, 2 cases dying of acute hemorrhage and 1 case dying of liver failure. There was no death caused by vascular graft complica-tions. The postoperative 1, 3, 6-month, and 1-year and 2-year potency rates of hepatic vein outflow tract in 21 recipients were 88.4%, 88.4%, 82.4%, 68.0% and 42.1%, respectively. The 6-month, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates in 21 recipients were 100%, 94.4%, 71.4%, respectively.Conclusion:Application of hepatic vein outflow tract reconstruction with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene vascular in right lobe living donor liver transplantation is safe and feasible.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of liver resection for spontaneous rupture of primary(hepatocellular) carcinoma(SRHCC).Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with ruptured SRHCC treated by liver resection were retrospectively analysed.Results In this group there were 12 males and 3 females.Eight underwent emergent hepatectomy,2 cases had second stage surgery at 40 days after initial operation to control bleeding and 5 cases had operation after 40 days of conservative treatment.Operation included partial right hepatectomy in 8 patients,median lobectomy in one patient,left lateral lobectomy in 2 patients,left(median) lobectomy in 2 patients,left hemihepatectomy in 1 patient,right tumor resection in 1,and left tumor resection in one patient.One of 5 patients with Child grade B liver function died of liver failure at 5 days(after) operation.The operative mortality was 6.7%.Twelve of the 14 patients who surrived were followed up.The median postoperative survival time was 18 months.The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were(58.3)%,25%,16.7%,respectively.One patient has been alive and free of tumor for 6 years and 2 months.Conclusions Liver resection is the best treatment for ruptured SRHCC and should be performed when possible.Hepatic resection for SRHCC can result in a long survival time.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of an outbreak of tsutsugamushi disease in Taizhou region of Jiangsu Province,and to clarify new changes of endemic focus of tsutsugamushi disease in Jiangsu Province.Methods The definition of tsutsugamushi infected cases was determined,field epidemiological investigation with analysis of clinical features and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results to diagnose tsutsugamushi disease were combined.Some of the positive samples were conducted genotyping by amplification and sequencing.Results The outbreak occurred from October to November,2011.The endemic focus located on the plain with humid climate and abundant rainfall.Fifteen cases of tsutsugamushi disease were found,including 6 PCR confirmed cases,5 clinically diagnosed cases,and 4 suspected cases.The main clinical symptoms were fever in 15 cases,skin rash in 14 cases,lymphadenectasis in 3 cases,skin eschar or ulcer in 12 cases,and liver dysfunction in 3 cases.None of the patients developed severe complications,and all recovered rapidly after the treatment.Comparing the sequencing results of positive samples with standard strains,the homology of base sequences was 99.00％ with that of Kawasaki.Conclusions The outbreak of tsutsugamushi disease in Jiangsu Province in 2011 is of autumn type in transitional endemic focus,and the pathogen is Kawasaki Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Objective To explore the epidemiological situation and characteristics of human brucellosis in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2017,and to provide scientific evidences for its prevention and control.Methods Using a retrospective study,data of brucellosis epidemic in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2017 were collected.The epidemic data of brucellosis and the population data were derived from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,etiological data of brucellosis from 2011 to 2017 were derived from the surveillance report of brucellosis in Jiangsu Province.The overall incidence of brucellosis,pathogen research and regional,seasonal,and population distribution characteristics of cases were analyzed.Results A total of 607 prevalent cases of brucellosis were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2017,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.065/100 000,including 595 incident cases.The number of reported case showed a sharp upward trend in 2011-2017,the incidence rates were in an increasing trend (t =5.623,P ＜ 0.01).A total of 132 Brucella strains were isolated from serum samples in Jiangsu Province in 2011-2017,all of the strains were sheep breeds,of which sheep type 3 accounted for 84.85％ (112/132).The top five cities with annual incidence of brucellosis from 2006 to 2017 were Xuzhou,Lianyungang,Suzhou,Huai'an and Suqian,with the incidence rates of 0.223/100 000,0.210/100 000,0.128/100 000,0.108/100 000 and 0.102/100 000,respectively.Brucellosis cases were distributed in each month,with the 540 cases (90.76％,540/595) from January to September.There were 446 males and 161 females in 607 cases of brucellosis,the sex ratio was 2.77:1.00.A total of 579 cases were reported in the age group of 20-74 years old,accounting for 95.39％.The occupational distribution was mainly peasants,which accounting for 60.13％ (365/607).Conclusions The epidemic situation of human brucellosis in Jiangsu Province is becoming increasingly serious recently.Males and peasants are main incidence population.Thus,we should pay more attention to the livestock quarantine and the surveillance and control of brucellosis cases in high risk population so as to control the epidemic situation of brucellosis effectively.

Objective:To study the genotyping characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from Lianyungang City (non-brucellosis epidemic area) of Jiangsu Province. Methods:Preliminary identification of 13 suspected strains of Brucella isolated from blood culture in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City in 2018 was conducted; at the same time, the specific gene bcsp31 and insertion sequence IS-711 of Brucella were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (Real-time PCR), and the identification results were rechecked and typed. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was applied for genotyping, and the sequencing results were edited by Mega 4.0 software. Results:All the 13 strains were identified as Brucella by preliminary identification. Real-time PCR confirmed that all the 13 strains were Brucella melitensis. The results of MLVA showed that 13 strains of Brucella melitensis were divided into 12 genotypes and clustered in the "middle Mediterranean cluster". Among 13 strains of Brucella melitensis, 3 strains were biovar 1, 2 strains were biovar 2 and 8 strains were biovar 3. Conclusion:All the Brucella strains isolated from Lianyungang City are Brucella melitensis and the MLVA cluster is in the "middle Mediterranean cluster".

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from Nanjing,understand strains genotying and clustering,and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were used to analyze and characterize Brucella ovis strains isolated from 7 cases of sporadic cases in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,from 2011-2016,and cluster analysis was did with reference strain data from Jiangsu Province.Results The results showed that 7 strains were defined as sequence type (ST) 8 by MLST.They were typed into 7 subtypes and clustered in the "Middle Mediterranean Cluster" by MLVA.Strain NJ-2011-1 and two strains isolated from other cities in Jiangsu had the same MLVA genotype.Conclusions The results reveal ST8 is the predominant genotype in Nanjing.They have clustered in the "Middle Mediterranean Cluster" by MLVA.The 7 strains are sporadic.The transmission routes and risk factors are more complicated in the city.Various departments should strengthen the cooperation to control the source.

Objective:To identify species type and analyze the homology of Brucella in a family cluster infection. Methods:Two patients with brucellosis from the same family who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province in May 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Brucella strains (H4LYG01 and H2LYG02) were isolated through blood culture. The isolated strains were identified for species type and homology analysis using a fully automated microbial mass spectrometry detection system. Molecular typing of the isolated strains was performed using multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results:H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were both Brucella Maltese, and the credibility scores were 9.745 and 9.627, respectively, and the homology was 100%. The MLVA results showed that the gene loci of H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were completely identical, with the same genotype. The MLST results showed that the sequence type (ST) of H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were both ST8 types. Conclusion:The two isolated strains of Brucella from a family with clustered infections are both Brucella Maltese and from the same source.

Objective:To study the distribution of species type, biotype and genotype of human Brucella isolated and identified in Nanjing. Methods:A total of 89 strains of human Brucella were collected from microbiology laboratories of three sentinel hospitals in Nanjing from 2017 to 2022. The species type was identified using biological methods and Brucella nucleic acid detection (BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR). Further biotyping of Brucella melitensis isolates was conducted by serological results of A and M factors. Meanwhile, genotype analysis was performed using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Results:From 2017 to 2022, 89 strains of Brucella isolated and identified in Nanjing were all Brucella melitensis. Among them, Brucella melitensis biotype 3 accounted for 82.02% (73/89), and biotype 1 accounted for 17.98% (16/89). MLVA typing showed that 89 strains of Brucella melitensis belong to the "Eastern Mediterranean" cluster and could be divided into 50 MLVA genotypes; among which panel 1 had 3 genotypes, namely Type 42 (84.27%, 75/89), Type 63 (8.99%, 8/89) and Type 43 (6.74%, 6/89). The results of MLST-9 and MLST-21 were both ST8, and the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) classified 89 strains into 11 genotypes. SNP analysis revealed a total of 4 013 SNP loci, with SNPs ranging from 0 to 409 across different strains, involving 59 SNP genotypes. Conclusions:The human Brucella strains isolated and identified in Nanjing are all Brucella melitensis, mainly biotype 3. The MLVA cluster is the "Eastern Mediterranean" cluster. The traditional MLST-9 and MLST-21 typing results are all ST8 type, while cgMLST divides all the strains into 11 genotypes with higher resolution.

Objective To investigate the cause and related risk factors of an outbreak caused by Brucellosis. Methods Epidemiological investigation and laboratory test were carried out among occupationally invloved population including sheep slaughters and sellers in the village. Results 18 people were serology positive among the 129 occupationally involved persons under survey. Seven of them were confirmed cases,11 were latent infection,to make the overall attack rate as 14%. 90%of the sheep were from high-risk areas of Brucella. Among the occupationally involved persons,89%of them never wore face masks,84%never wear overalls and 70%never wear gloves. Factors as:work but wearing no gloves(RR=7.4,95%CI:1.1-53.0),with hand wound(RR=3.4,95%CI:1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of Brucella infection. Conclusion The cause of this outbreak was due to the plentiful influx of unchecked sheep from the northern part of China and the employees in the process of sheep slaughtering or trading were lack of effective prevention programs.

Objective:To identify human infection with Brucella suis, analyze its biological and molecular characteristics, and to provide basis for prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods:Brucella suis strains were isolated from the body of the first case of human Brucella suis infection in Jiangsu Province. Serum agglutination test was used for serotyping. The specific gene bcsp-31 of Brucella was detected by PCR. AMOS-PCR was used to identify IS-711. The species and biotypes were identified by multiplex PCR. The wboA gene products were sequenced and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used for molecular typing, and cluster analysis was performed with reference strains. Results:The strain was confirmed to be Brucella suis biotype 3 by serum agglutination test and PCR. After sequencing the wboA gene, cluster analysis of the reference sequence showed that the wboA gene was closest to the biotype 3 strain Brucella suis str. 686 (CP007719). MLSA was typed into ST17(1-6-4-1-5-3-5-2-4). Conclusions:Brucella suis biotype 3 is reported in Jiangsu Province for the first time. The MLSA type is ST17. In the future, the prevention and control of human brucellosis should be carried out. We should actively cooperate with the animal husbandry and veterinary department to increase the quarantine, immunization and other control measures.