Objective To compare the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on brain injury in the infants with compli‐cated congenital heart disease(CHD) and simple CHD by analyzing and monitoring the perioperative cerebral electric impedance co‐efficient ,serum S‐100βprotein and neuron specific enolase (NSE) .Methods Forty infants with CHD were randomly selected and divided into two groups:the complicated group(n=20 ,13 cases of tertralogy of fallot ,7 cases of transposition of great arteries) and the simple group(n=20 ,8 cases of atrial septal defect ,12 cases of ventricular septal defect) .Blood samples were taken and the cere‐bral electric impedance coefficients before operation(T1 ) ,at 10 min after CPB(T2 ) ,immediately after aortic clamping(T3 ) ,aortic o‐pening(T4 ) ,end of CPB(T5 ) ,at 5 h(T6 ) and 24 h (T7 ) after CPB were measured by the BORN‐BE noninvasive brain edema moni‐tor .Serum levels of S‐100βprotein and NSE were detected by ELISA .Results There was no statistically significant difference in the cerebral electric impedance coefficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE before surgery(P>0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coef‐ficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE were significantly increased from the beginning to the end of CPB(P< 0 .05) ,and gradually de‐creased after CPB(P<0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coefficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE were obviously higher in the com‐plicated group than those in the simple group at the same time points(P<0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coefficient was re‐spectively correlated with S‐100βprotein and NSE .Conclusion The influence of CPB on brain injury in complicating CHD infants is more serious than that in simple CHD infants .The BORN‐BE noninvasive brain edema monitor can be used during CPB periopera‐tive period in complicating CHD infants for conducting the real time monitoring in order to reduce brain damage .

Objective To investigate the endoscopic feat ures and endoscopical treatment of gastric carcinoid tumors.Methods The clinical and endoscopic materials of 18 patients w ith gastric carcinoid tumors was retrospectively reviewed.Results Five of the 18 patients were benign and 13 were maligna nt. Benign gastric carcinoid tumors were found by biopsy at endoscopy ,and were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Their endoscopic appearance was mu ltiple polypoid masses. 13 malignant patients were confirmed by surgery. Their e ndoscopic appearance was ulcerating and infiltrating lesions.Conclusion Gastroscopy remains to be valuable to set correct di agnosis of gastric carcinoid tumors. EMR may be the first choice for benign gast ric carcinoid tumors.

Objective To investigate the characteristic findings of intestinal metaplasia revealed by magnifying endoscopy, and clarified their relationship with histopathological features. Methods One hundred and nine patients underwent magnifying endoscopy between March 2003 and November 2003. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, esophogeal and/or gastric varices, history of gastric surgery were excluded. Endoscopic examination was performed with a high-resolution magnification endoscope after methylene blue (1 % ) spraying. According to the differences in color and mucosal pattern, forms of endoscopic images were defined, and biopsies were taken (n = 115). Results Six patterns of endoscopic images were defined according to the microscopic findings. Pattern-4 and -5 were related to intestinal metaplasia. Histological features were used as the key standard. Conclusion High-resolution magnifying endoscopy is useful in detecting intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa pits from its normal shape changed into oval shape or villous like pattern. This procedure may improve the follow-up of individuals at high-risk of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the gastric mucosal characteristics of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-associated gastritis under high-resolution magnifying endoscopy. Methods Fujinon EG 485 ZH 850k CCD high-resolution electronic magnifying endoscopy was performed. Fifty patients were inspected by regular endoscopy with high-resolution magnifying function. Particular inspection was given on the collecting venules, the pit patterns of the gastric antrum and gastric body. Four pieces of biopsy specimen were taken, 1 each in antrum and body for RUT and the other two for pathologic examination as well as W-S stain. Both of the W-S stain and RUT being positive were confirmed as Hp infection. The Hp-positive patients received the triple therapy. Endoscopy with biopsies was repeated 4 weeks after the course of eradication treatment ended. The results were assessed by SPSS 8. 0 statistical package. Results Twenty-six patients were Hp-positive and 24 patients Hp-negative. In comparing with the results of W-S stain and RUT , the high-resolution magnifying endoscopy features and regular endoscopy findings had different outcomes. The sensitivity was 69. 23% Vs 34. 62% ; the accuracy 78.00% Vs 58. 00% respectively; the positive likelihood ratio and the negative likelihood ratio were 5. 54 Vs 2. 08 and 0. 35 Vs 0. 78 respectively. The Kappa value in high-resolution magnifying endoscopy was 0.563 whereas in regular endoscopy was 0. 176. Conclusions The advantage of high-resolution magnifying endoscopy relies on its ability to observe the fine gastric mucosal patterns. The gastric mucosal features of Hp-associated gastritis can be described as followings: collecting venules are irregular or disappeared; the gastric pits are enlarged or reddened, the sulciolar are deepened. Compared with regular endoscopy, the high-resolution magnifying endoscopy is better in sensitivity, accuracy and likelihood ratio. A high degree of interobserver agreement was obtained with the Kappa value. The pathologic findings get better soon after the eradication therapy, while the endoscopic changes are not prominent.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of breviscapine in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.Methods A self-controlled trial was carried out in 36 patients with vascular cognitive impairment.36 cases were treated with breviscapine injection 50mg intravenous infusion daily for 3 weeks.At the same time,all cases were also given citicoline 0.75g/d and enteric-coated aspirin 100mg/d as routine treatment.The means of the evaluation on therapeutic effect included MMSE and ADL,and the adverse reactions were also observed.Results After the treatment,the MMSE scales increased from(18.75 ± 3.25)to(21.62 ± 3.58)(t=2.52,P＜0.05),Meanwhile,ADL scales declined from(45.65 ±3.36)to(42.33 ±4.18)(t=3.71,P＜0.05).There was significant difference on the MMSE and ADL between the pre and post therapy.No obvious side effects were found.Conclusion The results indicated that the breviscapine injection is an effective medicine in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment,while the adverse reactions were few.

Background and purpose:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) which related to inheritance is an autosomal dominant inheritance.There are many screening standards differing presently from country to country.The Amsterdam standard is internationally recognized.These screening standards are just based on family history and clinical manifestations which can not reflect the essence of the disease.At present,the golden standard for screening HNPCC is mismatch repair genes detection that is in the experimental stage.The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of mismatch repair genes hMSH2 and hMLH1 in HNPCC and their clinicopathological signif icance,and to fi nd a simple,fast and economic method for screening HNPCC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in 20 cases with HNPCC(Group A),20 cases with ordinary hereditary colorectal cancer(Group B),20 cases with sporadic colorectal cancer(Group C),and 20 cases with colorectal polyps(Group D).Results:The expression rates of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in Group A,B,C and D were 35%(7/20),70%(14/20),95%(19/20) and 100%(20/20) respectively,which illustrated that the probability of HNPCC and the negative expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 was reduced from Group A to Group D.There were signifi cant differences among these groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The negative expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 was signifi cantly correlated with HNPCC and location and differentiation of colon carcinoma.Immunohistochemical staining may be useful for screening HNPCC.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of bicyclo-monoterpene promoters (i.e., borneol and camphor) on the in vitro permeation of ligustrazine (LGT) through the hairless porcine dorsal skin. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transdermal delivery kinetics in vitro were performed to investigate the effect of the promoters on the biophysical changes to the stratum corneum (SC), the surface changes to porcine skin and the in vitro percutaneous fluxes of ligustrazine through procine skin. FT-IR results revealed that the peak shift and the decrease in the peak area with borneol were higher than those with camphor. SEM studies demonstrated that the morphological change to SC was related to the chosen enhancer. It was observed that the SC lipid extraction with borneol and camphor led to disruption of the SC and the scutella desquamation. Apparent density (AD) was utilized to describe the desquamation extent of the scutella. Percutaneous fluxes of ligustrazine through porcine skin were evaluated in vitro by the Franz-type diffusion cells. Use of borneol led to greater penetration of ligustrazine across porcine skin. It was shown that the permeation enhancement mechanism of bicyclo-monoterpenes to ligustrazine included extracting and disordering lipids which involved the shift changes in C-H stretching and H-bonding action between enhancers and cermaide. The penetration capability of the hydroxy groups in bicyclo-monoterpenes was better than that of the ketone groups.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity and summarize the experiencein order to achieve better results.Methods From January 2014 to June 2015,45 patients (52 limbs,including 17 males and 28 females,aged 36 to 68 years) diagnosed as great saphenous varicosity received endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy.Thirty-eight cases was unilateral great saphenous vafcose veins,7 cases was bilateral large saphenous varicose veins.The clinical efficacy was analyzed.Results All cases were performed successfully.The mean operation time was (68.4 ± 15.1) minutes,the average bleeding volume was (23.5 ± 10.7) ml,the number of mean operative incision quantity was (5.8 ± 1.9) and the average hospitalization time was (5.9 ± 1.6) days.All patients had no serious complications.During a mean follow-up time of 22 months (12 to 30 months),only one patient recurred.Conclusions Endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity is effective and safe.It also has the advantages of shorter operation time,less bleeding,shorter hospitalization time,small trauma and better cosmetic results.

Based on a comprehensive questionnaire survey and analysis of factors which trans formation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Medical,some strategies to accelerate transformation were proposed by this paper.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) expression and angiogenesis and clinical pathologic factors in breast cancer. Methods:Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in the primary breast cancer tissues and the tissues set apart 5 cm from the tumor. Im-munohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-erbB2, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and microvessel density (MVD). All data were statistically analyzed. Results: The positive rate of TSP-1 was significantly higher in breast cancer than that in tissues set apart 5 cm from tumor (P < 0.05). The expression of TSP-1 was positively correlated with tumor size only (P < 0.05). MVD was lower in TSP-1 positive group than that of negative group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The MVD was decreased with up-regulation of TSP-1 expression. Thrombospondin-1 may repress the angiogenesis in breast cancer.