Objective To study the status quo and tendency of the utilization of antibiotics in our hospital in order to provide ref-erence for clinical rational drug use .Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the consumption sum ,DDDs and defined daily cost(DDC) of antibiotics ,which taken from HIS system in drug storehouse from 2010 to 2013 .Results 2010~2013 ,the anti-microbial drug sales in proportion to the amount of drug sales were 35 .99% ,26 .47% ,14 .69% and 14 .52% respectively .Cephalo-sporins andβ-lactamase inhibitor have been in the forefront of the antimicrobial agents in the sales amount .The sales amount of Ce-foxitin sodium and Piperacillin/tazobactam has rapid grow th ,for three consecutive years of antimicrobial agents in the sales amount ordering frist and second .2010~2013 ,Cephalosporins and Macrolides antibiotics has been in the forefront on the sorting of DDDs . The DDDs of antifungal drugs increased year by year ,quinolones and nitroimidazoles was declining .The DDDs of Clarithromycin tablets ,Azithromycin enteric-coated capsules and Roxithromycin Capsules in the front row .2011-2013 ,the DDC of Cefuroxime in-creased the larger from 15 .37 to 68 .06 .Conclusion The antibacterial drug sales amount of drug sales amount is reduced year by year from 2010 to 2013 ,and the application of antimicrobial agents is given priority to Cephalosporins ,Antifungal drug sustained growth ,Macrolides antibiotics and Penicillins keep at a high level .

The brains from four newborns were used in this study. After continuous artery-vein injection with coloured materials, the brains were embedded in nitrocellulose. and coronal sections of 500?m, 100?m and 30?m in thickness were prepared in alternative and successive sequence. The 500?m sections were cleared in wintergreen oil and mounted, and the 100?m and 30?m sections were stained with thionin. The diameter and density of capillaries in thalamus and its adjacent structures were measured by means of Leitz MPV-Tasplus multifunction image analyser. All the data were dealt with variance and correlation analysis statistically. The capillary density of the thalamus and its adjacent structures varied obviously. The value in putamen, cellular layers of lateral geniculate body, anterior thalamic nucleus and subthalamic nucleus was the highest; while the value in dorsomedial nucleus, ventral lateral nucleus, pulvinar nucleus, ventral posterior lateral nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, centromedian nucleus, medial geniculate body, ventral anterior nucleus and internal medullary lamina was the intermediate; however, the value in internal capsule and fibrous layers of lateral geniculate body was the lowest. The capillary diameter of ventral anterior nucleus and internal capsule was the widest; that of putamen and cellular layers of lateral geniculate body was the smallest; the rest was the intermediate. In the same measured structures, negtive correlation was shown between the capillary diameter and density.

The course, distribution of the intrathalamic vessels on 8 sides of newborn brains were studied by means of the continuous artery-vein infusion, Spalteholz's clearing and Nissl's staining. The brains were all cut into the coronal sections of 500 ?m, 100?m and 30?m thickness in alternate and successive order. The main arteries supplying thalamic nuclei were: 1. The thalamoperforating artery; 2. The geniculothalamic artery; 3. The medial posterior choroidal artery; 4. The medial inferior pulvinar artery; 5. The lateral ventricular choroidal artery. The thalamic veins opened respectively into the internal cerebral vein, the veins of the lateral ventricle, the veins of the interpeduncular fossa and the basal vein. There were three patterns of course relation between thalamic arteries and veins. They were solitariness, accompanying and one vein surrounded by several arteries.

Purpose:To investigate the choice of surgical therapy for the pancreaticoduodenal region invaded by or involved in stomach carcinoma. Methods:51 patients from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 2000 with stomach carcinoma invaded by or involved in the pancreaticoduodenal region were analyzed retrospectively. Results:All patients were primary stomach carcinoma, the operative methods of stomach carcinoma included subtotal gastrectomy (Group SG,n=29), radical Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Group PD,n=11),gastrojejunostomy (n=8) and tumour’s biopsy (n=3). In group PD, one-,and three-year survival rates was 63.6% and 36.4%, in group SG, it was 17.2% and 3.4%. The survival rate of group PD was markedly better than that of group SG respectively (P

Objective To study the rationality in the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) to stress ulcer(SU) prophylaxis in pa-tients receiving aseptic-contaminative and contaminative incision operation .Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the use of PPI to SU ,which taken from surgical patients received aseptic-contaminative and contaminative incision operation and hospi-talized from January 2013 to April 2013 .Results Among 1 745 patients in the study ,540(30 .95% ) received a stress ulcer prophy-laxis with PPI .The rate of prophylaxis to ICU ,general surgery ,urology ,thoracic surgery and neurosurgery was higher than other departments(except for between ICU ,thoracic surgery ,neurosurgery and orthopedic) .A total of 232 patients had risk factors , 72 .41% of the patients who received prophylaxis .A total of 1 513 patients did not have risk factors ,24 .59% of the patients who received prophylaxis ,the rate of prophylaxis to general surgery ,thoracic surgery and urology was higher than other departments (except for ICU ,and between thoracic surgery with orthopedics ) .In prevention of SU ,the usage rate of Lansoprazole was higher than that of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole .Preoperative prophylactic usage rate was 14 .44% .Excessive dosage was 0 .93% .Preven-tive medicine treatment longer accounted for 12 .78% .Conclusion The phenomenon such as non-risk factors ,inappropriate of medi-cation time and long course of treatment are existed ,when physicians use the PPI for SU prophylaxis in surgical patients receiving aseptic-contaminative and contaminative incision operation .Therefore ,treatment recommendations for SU prophylaxis are needed to restrict PPI use for justified indications .

Objective To study the drug resistance of infection bacteria deriving from acute appendicitis patients.Methods The separation and the drug sensitive characteristic of bacteria deriving from the specimen of acute appendicitis patients were ana-lyzed,who were admitted in the general department of our hospital from January to June 2013.Results One hundred and six bacte-ria strains were isolated.Among them,100 (94.34%)strains were Gram negative bacteria strains,including escherichia coli,kleb-siella pneumonia bacillus and verdigris fake single spore bacterium,in a proportion of 67.92%,1 1.32% and 5.66% respectively. The resistance of piperacillin,ciprofloxacin,gentamycin,levofloxacin,tobramycin and cefepime was high in Gram negative bacteria, while the lower resistance to piperacillin/ tazobactam,cefoxitin and imipenem.Conclusion The resistant rate of acute appendicitis infection bacteria is high.

BACKGROUND: LIM Mineralization protein 1 (LMP-1), an intracellular non-secretory protein, plays roles in bone calcification. Presently, it is found that LMP-1 can promote an increase in bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor ? 1. This indicates that LMP-1 may recruit a mass of ossified factors to participate in the differentiation of osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE: To construct human LMP-1 gene adenovirus recombinant with AdEasy adenovirus vector system, and to detect LMP-1 expression in infected rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An opening experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of South West Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March 2006 to February 2007. MATERIALS: Three New Zealand rabbits were used to isolate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-LMP-1 carrying human LMP-1 gene was kept in Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University. AdEasy was presented by Dr. Tong-Chuan He from USA. Human embryo kidney 293 cells were gifted by Wang from Department of Clinical Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University. METHODS: LMP-1 gene with a sequence encoding His-tag was amplified by using pIRES2-EGFP-LMP-1 plasmid as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a specially designed downstream primer. The target gene was cloned to the pMD18-T vector for sequencing. Once verified, the gene was cut out by double endonucleases, connected to the shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV. The newly constructed vector was linearized by PmeⅠ following efficient homologous recombination with the backbone vector pAdEasy-1 in BJ5183. The correct recombinant pAd-LMP-1 was linearized with Pac I and transfected to HEK293 cell by means of mediated Lipofectamine. The titer of virus was measured after amplification and purification. The mRNA and protein expression of LMP-1 was detected in BMSCs, which were infected with Ad-LMP-1 at the most appropriate MOI, were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blot, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasmid pAd-LMP-1 identification, its titre and efficiency of infection. mRNA and protein expression of LMP-1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-LMP-1 carrying LMP-1 gene with His-tag was successfully constructed. After packaging and amplification of the recombinant adenovirus, the 3.5?109 efu/ml titer of Ad-LMP-1 was obtained by CsCl gradient purification. The optimal efficiency infection was 50%-70%, which was get after Ad-LMP-1 infected BMSCs for 3 days at the most appropriate MOI 150. The mRNA and protein expression of LMP-1 in infected BMSCs had been proved. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus containing human LMP-1 gene with His-tag is successfully constructed. The BMSCs infected with recombinant adenovirus Ad-LMP-1 can effectively express LMP-1.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mortality attributable to smoking in different work environments among male citizens in Tianjin, China, and to provide scientific evidence for banning smoking in workplaces and public places.

METHODSThe data of 38 312 male deaths 18-69 years of age in Tianjin from 2010 to 2012 were collected. The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases attributed to smoking in different work environments was analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the male deaths 18-69 years of age in Tianjin, 22.57% were caused by smoking, and the life scan of smokers was shortened by 5 years on average. The smokers who started smoking at an early age and had high dialy cigarette consumption were at high risk of death.The risk of death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among workers in indoor workshop(OR=1.82,95%CI: 1.55 2.15), indoor office personnel (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.39-1.81) Indoor public places (OR=1 .55, 95%U: 1.19 2.01) were higher than outdoor workers (OR=1.23,95%CI: 1.12-1.35). The risk of death due to lung cancer among workers in indoor workshop (OR =3.80,95% CI: 3.03-4.76), indoor office personnel (OR =3.04,95% CI: 2.48-3.73) Indoor public places (OR =4.63,95% CI:3.08-6.96)were higher than outdoor workers (OR 2.57,95% CI:2.22-2.97). The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases among indoor workers was higher than that among outdoor workers. The risk of death due to lung cancer among indoor workers in public places who started smoking when they were younger than 18 years of age was higher than those among outdoor workers and other indoor workers.

CONCLUSIONSmoking is a major risk factor for mortality among male citizens in Tianjin, and also a key factor for the loss of labor productivity. Indoor workers have a higher risk of mortality than outdoor workers. In order to reduce the mortality attributable to smoking, effective actions should be taken as soon as possible to ban smoking in indoor workplaces.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; mortality ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship among the spinous process open degree,the relative displacement of the lumbar facet joints(LFJ),and the morphologic change of the intervertebral foramina.Methods From Nov 2010 to Jun 2012,a total of 6 human fresh cadaveric spines was used in this study.All the ligaments were kept.The relative displacement of the corresponding segments LFJ,and the change of height and width of intervertebral foramen were measured through the corresponding open L3-4 and L4-5 spinous process,respectively.Results Lumbar degeneration was described with the following indices including the proliferation and displacement of LFJ,deformation of the intervertebral foramen morphogenesis,nerve root oppression,and lumbar intervertebral stenosis.When the interspinous process spacer was opened up to 2 mm,lumbar intervertebral foramen heights at the L3-4 and L4-5 [(15.62 ± 0.73) mm,(14.67 ± 0.75) mm] were significantly increased (t =26.00,16.02,P ＜ 0.01) compared to the original state [(13.89 ± 0.77) mm,(12.48 ± 0.80)mm].When the interspinous process spacer was opened up to 4mm,lumbar intervertebral foramen heights at the L3-4 and L4-5 [(17.13 ± 0.78) mm,(16.74 ± 0.76) mm] were significantly increased (t =36.15,30.69,P ＜ 0.01) compared to the original state.The foraminal height with a 4 mm distraction was significantly greater than the 2 mm distraction (t =20.82,21.72,P ＜0.01).When the interspinous distraction was 2 mm,L FJ displacement at the L3-4and L4-5 [(0.31 ±0.04) mm,(0.34 ± 0.07) mm] was significantly better than the original state [(0.63 ± 0.03) mm,(0.56±0.05)mm] (t =61.97,58.91,P ＜0.01).When the interspinous distraction was 4 mm,LFJ displacement at the L3-4 and L4-5 [(0.10 ±0.04) mm,(0.12 ±0.06) mm] was significantly better than the original state (t =18.69,18.88,P ＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the change of the intervertebral foramen width [(8.65 ± 0.38) mm,(7.78 ± 0.37) mm] at the 2 mm interspinous distraction compared to the original state(P ＞ 0.05),but a statistically significant difference was found at the 4 mm interspinous distraction compared to the original state [(9.03 ± 0.41) mm,(8.05 ± 0.32) mm] (t =7.78,7.97,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Spinous process shove off can effectively improve LFJ displacement,and increase the intervertebral foramen height,but the increase of its width needs to shove off enough distance.