Single unit activity were recorded from 157 dorsal horn neurons in the spinal rats by stimulation of left surat nerves. Stretching urinary bladder were performed after the neurons were identified by somatic afferents. 32 out of the 157 could also be activated by stretching urinary bladders. These recorded dorsal horn neurons which responded to both somatic and visceral inputs are called somatovisceral convergent neurons (SVCN). The afferent visceral fibers were N group according to conductive velocity in our experiment. It has been shown that C-fiber component in 9 WDR neurons were incresed by stimulating the left sural nerves after stretching urinary bladders. 15 spontaneous- discharge WDR neurons were recorded and 13 out of them were excited, meanwhile, 2 out of them were inhibited after urinary bladders were stretched. The study provides the new data for the convergence from the somatic and visceral afferents in the dorsal horn of spinal cord and supplies the first evidence for central mecha nism of visceral referred pain.

BACKGROUND: Generally, repairing the injuries of sketetal muxcle is to suture the epimysial and exterior muscular nerve. OBJECTIVE: To determine the intramuscular nerve effects on the recovery of lacerated musculus rectus femoris. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center, Chongqing Medical University from September 2006 to August 2007. MATERIALS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were used to establish models of right skeletal muscle injury; left side was used as controls. METHODS: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Rabbits in the intact intramuscular nerve group underwent complete muscle laceration with intramuscular nerve intact. Musculus rectus femoris was traversed at 4.0-5.0 mm from nerve entry point. Rabbits in the intramuscular neurotmesis group underwent complete muscle laceration, but intramuscular nerve was cut concomitantly at the same place as above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 28 weeks after surgery, wet weight and isometric contraction of musculus rectus femoris were detected. Morphological change of musculus rectus femoris was observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining. Fibrous degree was measured by Masson trichrism staining. Myofibrillar type was examined by myosin ATPase staining and tetrazolium staining method of reduced coenzyme Ⅰ to calculate cross-sectional area of muscle fiber. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, wet weight and isometric contraction of musculus rectus femoris reduced in the intramuscular neurotmesis group (P

In 84 elderly type 2 diabetic patients, the urinary albumin excretion rate was positively correlated with left ventricular inner diameter and left ventricular mass, and negatively with left ventricular ejection fracton.

Objective To study the effect of polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis on gray human cervix cancer cells(Hela cells) in vitro. Methods Polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis gray was extracted by water extraction. MTT assay and microscope were used to observe its effect on the growth inhibition of Hela cells at different concentrations of the polysaccharide. Results Polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis could more significantly inhibit the growth of Hela cells. Conclusion Polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis could inhibit human cervix cancer cells in vitro

Objective To study the expression and its clinical significance of Oct4 in prostate cancer.Methods The Oct4 mRNA expression levels in 2 normal prostate (NP) samples and 8 prostate cancer (Pca) samples were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.The Oct4 protein expression levels in 10 NP samples,10 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples and 45 Pca samples were detected by immunohisochemical analysis.Results The relative expression levels of Oct4 mRNA were 0.91,0.76,0.66,0.63,0.55,0.50,0.48,0.42 in 8 Pca samples and 0 in 2 NP samples,respectively.The positive rates of Oct4 protein expression was higher in Pca tissues than in NP and BPH tissues (91.1％ vs.0.0％,91.1％ vs.0.0％,both P＜0.05).The level of Oct4 protein was increased with higher hostologic grade and clinical stage of prostate cancer.The strong positive rates of Oct4 expression were 72.7％ and 30.0％ in Pca tissues with and without lymph node metastasis respectively,and there was a significant difference in the strong positive rate between them (P＜0.05).Conclusions The Oct4 expression is closely related to the differentiation and invasion of tumor.Oct4 might be an important index for the prognosis of prostate cancer.

Objective To study the effects of two types of crystalloids on postoperative inflam-matory reaction during the process of cesarean section.Methods Sixty patients undergoing cesarean section were randomly divided into Ringer lactate solution group (RL)and Ringer acetate solution group (RA)with 30 cases in each group.Before anesthesia,10 ml/kg crystal solution was infused, the infusion rate was 1 5-20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 .The patients were performed epidural anesthesia in left lateral position.Crystal solution was infused to maintain the blood pressure during the operation.Ve-nous blood was drawn at the beginning of the operation (T1 ),the end of the operation (T2 ),four hours after operation (T3 ),twenty-four hours after operation (T4 )in order to measure the blood plasma value of IL-6,TNF-α,CRP.Results The blood plasma value of IL-6,TNF-α,CRP had no significant differences at T1 ,T4 ;but the value of group RA was significantly higher than that of group RL (P <0.05)at T2 ,T3 .Conclusion Ringer acetate solution causes more significant postop-erative inflammatory cytokine release than Ringer lactate solution does during the process of cesarean section.

Objective To explore the causes of death and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease in residents of Tianjin. Methods The death registry data of Tianjin residents in 2014 were collected and coded in“international classification of disease, 10th edition”. The crude death rate and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease were calculated, respectively. Results In 2014, the crude death rate in Tianjin residents was 70.708 per million, while in male and female were 78.728 and 62.637 per million respectively. The main cause of death in Tianjin residents was non-communicable disease. The top four death causes were heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease, accounting for 31.5%, 23.6%, 22.2% and 8.3% of the total death. The top four life expectancy lost diseases were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease, with a 6.46 year, 3.28 year, 3.11 year and 1.25 year life increase respectively. Conclusion Non-communicable diseases are the major reason of death and life expectancy lost disease in Tianjin residents, which needs urgent effective intervention to control.

Purpose A RP-HPLC method was used to determine genioside and breviscapine in plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics in rat, respectively.Methods Rat plasma samples were collected after a single dose of Zhideng injection and pharmacokinetic parameters of genioside and breviscapine were estimated,respectively.Results A good linear relationship was obtained between 0.2-40.0 μg/mL for breviscapine, and 0.5-200.0 μg/mL for genioside.The recoveries from plasma were larger than 85%,and RSDs of inter-day asaay and intra-day assay were below 10%. The pharmacokinetic results showed that genioside and breviscapine were rapidly eliminated from plasma after iv administration of three doses of Zhideng injection.The mean half-life was 72.6 min and 21.6 min,respectively.Conclusion The established HPLC method was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of genioside and breviscapine.

Objective: To explore the acute effect of air pollution on mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease and to provide the basis for disease prevention and control.
Methods: The Mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease from 2001-01 to 2009-12 was from Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the meteorological and air pollution data were from Tianjin meteorological bureau and Tianjin environmental monitoring station respectively. The Single and multiple generalized additive model (GAM) extended poisson regression analysis was performed to calculate the relationship between air pollution and cardio-cerebral vascular disease mortality by controlling the time trends, weather, the day of week and air population.
Results: Results: Single GAM analysis indicated that when the effect of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the air reached the maximum in the day, the RR values for the mortality in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease increased 1.13%[95%CI (0.76-1.51)%], 0.78% [95%CI ( 0.41-1.15)%] and 0.61% [95%CI ( 0.51-0.71)%] respectively; when the average concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10μg/m3 per day, after 0-5 days, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.70% [95%CI (0.47-0.94)%], 0.51% [95%CI (0.27-0.74)%] and 0.16% [95%CI (0.06-0.27)%] respectively. Multiple GAM analysis presented that when SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10 μg/m3 per day, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.77% [95%CI (0.58-0.97)%], 0.41% [95%CI (0.05-0.78) %] and 0.38% [95%CI (0.12-0.64%)%] respectively.
Conclusion: The air pollution could increase the mortality risk in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease, it is necessary to establish the prevention system in order to decrease the mortality risk in those patients.

Aim To study the expression of human VEGF165 cDNA in Pichia pastoris and to obtain high-level expressed recombinant human VEGF165 with good biological activity. Methods Amplifying human VEGF165 cDNA by PCR, after confirmed by DNA sequence analysis, the gene was inserted into the Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC9K containing AOX1 promoter and α secreting signal peptides, the recombinant expression plasmids pPIC9K/hVEGF165 was constructed and transformed into KM71. The multiple insert transformants were screened， fermented in flasks and induced by 10 mL/L methanol. Results After 4 days of methanol induction, the expressed hVEGF165 reached up to 60％ of total proteins in supernatant by SDS-PAGE. Western blot assay proved the expressed hVEGF165 having good antigenicity and high specificity. The recombinant protein was further purified with Heparin-Sepharose CL6B affinity chromatography, and was proved to have good biological activity in stimulating HUVEC proliferation. Conclusion High-level expression of secreted hVEGF165 has been successfully achieved in Pichia pastoris expression system.