Ribs were obtained from 110 individuals undergoing thoracostomy. Bone marrow from these ribswas cultured on agar plates. The average number of cell colonies formed on the agar plates was 164?10.4/2?105 nucleated cells (33.4+-571.6/2?105 nucleated cells). Factors which might affect theculture were counting method for the mono-nucleated cells, the method of cell separation, and the use of horse serum.

The recombinant human fusion protein GM-CSF/LIF was used to study the effects of different doses rhGM-LIF, rhGM-CSF,rhLIF,and rhGM-CSF plus rhLIF on tumor cells in our paper. The results showed that rhGM-LIF induced myeloid leukemia cells differentiation and inhibited the growth of the cells significantly. Its effect was dose-related, more significantly than rhGM-CSF,rhLIF,and rhGM-CSF plus rhLIF in some dose range. It is important that rhGM-LIF can inhibit the growth of human liver cancer cell. The rhGM-LIF might be a useful recombinant protein for tumor thera-py.

Objective:To observe the expression of B7-H4 in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group and the experimental group.The mice of experimental group were injected with myosin to establish EAM models , while the mice of control group were injected with complete Freund 's adjuvant and normal saline.All the mice were killed separately at the 14th,21st,30th and 45th day for lymphocyte proliferation assay ,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR.Results:The inflammation infiltration of heart was most serious at the 14th and 21st day,then it was gradually relieved with time;the results of lymphocyte proliferation assay and real-time PCR were similar to that of the inflammation infiltration of heart ,which were in high level at the 14th and 21st day,and they were both higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05 );B7-H4 protein were only detected in the experimental group ,and it was constantly expressed during the whole experiment on the endothelium of heart with myocarditis.Conclusion:B7-H4 participates in the progress of EAM ,and it may be a new way of studying the mechanism of myocarditis.

Objective． Bone mineral density（BMD） was measured in normal Chinese women with single X-ray absorptiometry （SXA） and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA）． These two methods were compared to evaluate the sensitivity in reflecting bone loss．Methods． Measurements were performed in 300 women aged 20～79（5 for each age）． The 8mm distal，1／4 distal， ultra distal site of the nondominant forearm were measured with SXA； the AP spine（L2-4）， right femoral neck（Neck）， Ward's triangle（Ward）and trochantor （Troch） were measured with DEXA． Ten women had 5 repeated measurements to evaluate the reproducibility of the equipments．Results． The BMD peak for Neck and Ward was found between age 20～29， for ultra distal and L2-4 at age 30～39， for 8mm distal， 1／4 distal and Troch at age 40～49． After reaching the peak values， BMD at all sites decreased with increasing age． The highest rate of yearly loss of BMD was at 8mm distal． Results of measurement showed significant correlation between SXA and DEXA． Comparing with premenopausal women， the bone loss rate in postmenopausal women was faster and highest up to 11～15 years and the highest rate was at the Ward．Conclusion． The present study gives the normal values of BMD at seven sites for normal Chinese women． The ages of BMD peak were different at seven sites． The yearly loss of BMD was highest at 8mm distal， it seemed to be the sensitive region for bone loss with age． The postmenopausal women had highly significantly loss bone mass than the premenopausal women． Comparing with premenopause， postmenopause BMD for Ward's triangle with DEXA seemed to be most sensitive to the effect of menopause．

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of full-endoscopic posterolateral odontoidectomy through morphological analysis and cadaver specimen surgery. 【Methods】 We collected the DICOM data of 20 normal cervical CT patients （10 males and 10 females） from the PACS Image Library of our hospital. The Mimics software was used for cervical CT reconstruction and anatomical measurements were made to measure the maximum sagittal diameter， coronal diameter and height of the odontoid process. The C1 lateral mass could provide the maximum working height and width of endoscopic operation with a diameter of 7 mm， as well as the angle between the anchor point of C1 lateral mass and the notch on both sides of the odontoid process. The feasibility of endoscopic surgery was analyzed based on the measured data. The fresh frozen corpse was used for the operation in prone position under the guidance of C-arm. Kirschner wire was anchored at the midpoint of the lower surface of the C1 lateral mass. Part of the C1 lateral mass was removed by the grinding drill and endoscopic tools， and then the odontoid process and adjacent ligaments were removed. 【Results】 The maximum sagittal diameter， coronal diameter and height of the odontoid process were （11.73±0.74）mm， （10.97±0.71）mm and （14.51±0.91）mm， respectively. The working height and width of the C1 lateral mass were （13.53±0.57）mm and （10.00±1.27）mm， respectively. The angle between the anchor point and the double-edge notch of the odontoid process was （28.3±3.1）°， with no statistical difference between the male and female patients （P>0.05）. All the measurements met the requirements of 7 mm endoscopic implantation and surgical operation， and the space for swing could be provided for complete or partial removal of the odontoid process to meet the requirements of ventral spinal decompression. In cadaver surgery， a fully endoscopic posterolateral approach enabled complete removal of the odontoid process by grinding part of the C1 lateral mass. Postoperative cervical CT confirmed that the odontoid process had been completely resected， and there were no signs of dural sac or vertebral artery injury. 【Conclusion】 The odontoid process can be completely resected through a posterolateral endoscopic approach via the lateral mass approach of C1， providing a new surgical method for clinical odontoidectomy to decompress the spinal cord in craniovertebral junction.