BACKGROUND:To establish the real body’s artery model has its own limitations due to the diversity of different individual differences in the carotid artery and blood flow.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of different inlet velocity profiles of the common carotid artery and three different flow ratios of internal and external carotid artery on hemodynamics of the carotid artery.
METHODS:The carotid bifurcation TF-AHCB numerical model was established. Commercial software ANSYS was used to compute the flow field and calculate hematodynamic parameters, including velocity and wal shear stress. Then, their relationship with atherosclerosis was analyzed from different angles.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow ratio of internal and external carotid artery significantly influences the flow field of the simulated bifurcation of the carotid artery. Changes in the magnitude of inlet velocity cannot only alter the hematodynamic properties, but also change the range of mechanical mechanism.

Objective To discuss the application about the TPDS educational reform of molecular biology in the medical students. Methods Choose 2009 and 2010 7-year program students (174 person) of clinical medicine as the research object, achieve to TPDS teaching; Control group ( 2010 basic medicine and general medicine students , 2011 basic medicine and pediatric medical students (394 person) carry out general teaching model. Taking the students test scores as the main teaching effect evaluation index, the questionnaire survey as the supplement. Statistical analysis was carried out using t test analysis method. Results Molecular biology of the experimental group students scores (94.39 ±4.34)are significantly higher than that of the control group (85.1 ±8.77), and P<0.05. The questionnaire showed that more than 80%students improved themselves in the areas of self-study ability, information collecting ability, problem-solving ability, and team cooperation abilityafter the course of study. Conclusion TPDS educational reform isoptional for the cultivating applied talents, intend to stimulate students' autonomous learning ability, inspire students to independent analysis and solve problems, improve students' unity cooperation spirit and model the humanistic spirit.

Objective To observe the natural outcomes of Graf type Ⅱ a hip dysplasia aged 6 weeks to 3 months,and to explore the indications of treatment.Methods A prospective study was conducted to collect children aged from 6 to 12 weeks with Graf type Ⅱ a dysplasia (50°≤α angle＜60°) but clinically stable hips according to the Early Screening of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Tianjin project from July 2012 to July 2014.Those hips with history of treatment or neuromuscular disorders were excluded.All infants had no treatment initially following with ultrasound surveillance each 2 weeks and radiograph evaluation each at 3,4.5 and 6 months of age.Patients received Pavlik harness or abduction brace treatment if hip dysplasia turned to be type Graf Ⅱ c or worse,or clinical unstable before 6 months;also if hip dysplasia was persistent in radiograph at 6 months.All infants were routinely followed up at 12 and 24 months of age to detect the late cases.The difference of initial α angle,hip abduction,acetabulum index and acetabulum margin morphology (sharp,round or defect) in the pelvic radiograph at 3 month were compared between the treated and untreated groups.Results A total of 238 children (285 hips) were enrolled in the present study,of which there were 25 males and 213 females,193 left and 92 right hips.The average age was 9 weeks (range 6 to 12 weeks).No hip turned to be type Ⅱ c or worse,or clinically unstable.One hundred patients (120 hips) received treatment for persistent dysplasia at 6 months.There had statistically significant difference in initial α angle between the treated and untreated groups (respectively 54.5°±3.3° and 55.6°±2.9°,t=-2.749,P=0.004).In the treated group,there were 47 hips (39.2％,47/120) with limited abduction initially,and 52 hips (43.3％,52/120) with poor acetabular morphology at 3 months.The differences were statistically significant comparing with the untreated group (x2=4.010,P=0.045;x2=14.143,P=0.000).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with Graf Ⅱ a-hips (OR=2.908) and poor acetabular morphology hips (OR=2.822) were more likely to receive treatment.Thirty-eight patients (47 hips) received treatment among Graf Ⅱ a+ hips (α angle ≥55°),of which 21 hips (44.7％,21/47)had limited abduction and 31 hips (66.0％,31/47) poor acetabular morphology.The differences were statistically significant comparing with untreated cases (x2=12.073,P=0.001;x2=35.879,P=0.000).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that Graf Ⅱ a+ hips with limited hip abduction (OR=4.145) and poor acetabular morphology (OR=10.117) were more likely to receive treatment.Conclusion Graf Ⅱ a dysplasia with clinically stable hips should be treated if α angle ＜55° at 6 weeks or if α angle ≥55° with limited hip abduction or poor acetabular morphology (round or defect) at 3 months.

Objective To explore the relative factors affecting the functional restoration of knee joint after the fracture of patella, and to anticipate the effect of middle term and short time rehabilitation therapy. Method 23 patients with limited flexion function of knee joint after the fracture of patella, accepted the routine rehabilitation treatment in out  patient service, and some of the patients adopted local heat therapy at the same time. The 13 factors have been selected for regression analysis step by step under the help of SPSS statistical software. Result The flexible degree of the knee joint before rehabilitation (X1), the non smooth posterior edge of patella (X2), and the immobilization time of the joint (X3) are relative factors for the flexible degree of knee joint 1 month after ehabilitation (Y1) and the flexible degree of knee joint 3 onths after rehabilitation (Y2), and Y1 can also be affected by whether surgery therapy or not (X4), (partial regression coefficient P< 0.05). The differences between theoretical mean and practical mean of Y1 and Y2 are 5.6％ and 4.2％ respectively in the 23 cases. Conclusion The flexible degree of the knee joint before rehabilitation, whether the posterior edge of patella is smooth or not, and the immobilization time of the joint are relative factors affecting the middle term and short term flexible function of knee joint after the fracture of patella, and short term restoration can also be affected by whether surgery therapy or not. The effects of middle term and short term rehabilitation can be predicted by regression equation primarily.

BACKGROUND:In esophageal cancer chemotherapy, inhibiting proliferation of tumor cels and tumor stem cels can be effectively improved by using appropriate sensitive agents.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of molybdenum on ECA-109 cel chemosensitivity and p75NTR cel inhibition in esophageal carcinoma cels.
METHODS:ECA-109 cels at logarithmic phase were selected and randomly divided into blank control group, cisplatin group, molybdenum group and molybdenum+cisplatin group (combination group). Molybdenum and cisplatin at different concentrations were used in the three groups. MTT assay was used to detect ECA-109 cel proliferation and growth; flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of P75NTR cels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cisplatin at different concentrations showed a certain inhibitory role in ECA-109 cels, which had an increasing kiling effect on esophageal carcinoma stem cels at dose- and time-dependent manner. Molybdenum alone had no remarkable kiling effects on inhibiting ECA-109 proliferation and esophageal carcinoma stem cels. Combination of molybdenum and cisplatin was found to have an enhanced effect to inhibit ECA-109 cels and to kil esophageal carcinoma stem cels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was significantly different from the cisplatin group and blank control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that molybdenum can promote and enhance the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on ECA-109 and p75NTR cels, which can be used as a chemosensitizer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yinhe gargle on infected root canals. Methods Forty-seven cases of root canal infection ( involving 48 affected teeth) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (22 cases involving 22 affected teeth) was given intracanal medicament with Yinhe gargle, and the control group ( 25 cases involving 26 affected teeth) was given root canal disinfection with camphor phenol. After intracanal medicament for one week, therapeutic effect and safety were evaluated in the two groups. Results ( 1) During root canal disinfection, none of the subjects had adverse reaction such as hypersensitiveness or cauterization of soft tissue. Canal obturation was available after the first intracanal medicament for the infected root canals. (2) After intracanal medicament for one week, the effective rate in the experimental group was 95.45%, and was 100.00%in the control group, the difference being in significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Yinhe gargle has similar disinfection effect to camphor phenol on infected root canals, and it can be used as disinfection medicament for root canals.

Intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin (2mg/kg) caused a persistent increase in platelet activating factor (PAF) contents in arterial blood and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). Meanwhile phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity in serum and BALF was elevated and mean arterial blood pressure declined. The total cell number, expecially polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, and protein concentration in BALF were markedly increased 6 h after endotoxin injection. Lung index and extravascular lung water content of endotoxin-treated animals were significantly highter than those of controls. Pretreatment with PAF receptor antagonist SRI 63-441 blocked the increase in PLA, activity and attenuated endotoxin-induced hypotension and acute lung injury. The results suggest that PAF mediates endotoxin-induced lung injury, and leukocyte activation by PAF and the subsequent release of oxygen metabolites and lysoenzymes are important intermediate mechanisms leading to high permeability pulmonary edema.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the retired staffs of a petrochemical corporation in Ningbo. Methods The 1709 retired staffs at 60 years of age and over were enrolled in the census. Their medical history were investigated by questionnaires,and blood samples were collected for thyroid function detection. Results In this elderly cohort, the morbidity of diagnosed thyroid diseases was 3.8% (65/1709), with 6.7% (39/584) in females and 2. 3% (26/ 1125) in males. The morbidity of unrecognized thyroid dysfunctions was 6.7% (110/1644), with 9.7% (53/545) in females and 5.2% (57/1099) in males. The prevalence of total thyroid dysfunctions was 10. 2%(175/1709), with 15.8% (92/584) in females and 7.4% (83/1125) in males. Subclinical hypothyroidism accounted for 87. 3% of unrecognized thyroid dysfunctions. Conclusions The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions is over 10. 2% in the elderly retired staffs of the petrochemical corporation in Ningbo. Subclinical hypothyroidism is the most popular form in all kinds of unrecognized thyroid functional disorders, and its prevalence is higher in females than in males.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the expression of COX-2 in acute spinal cord injury of rats. Methods:Sixty adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: Trauma group (n=48) subjected to laminectomy and bounce of spinal cord; control group (n=12) only received laminectomy. The activity of COX-2 was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in cytoplasm of spinal cord. Results:The expression of COX-2 increased at 2-hour after injury and reached the top level at 24-hour. The expression of COX-2 dropped at 48-hour after injury and returned to basal level at 72-hour. Conclusion: The expression of COX-2 could be regarded as an index of inflammation on acute trauma spinal injury. Inhibition of COX-2 might be an new therapeutic method for spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional value and biological effect of Collybia Velutipes. The results were as follows: (1) 10% Collybia Velutipes extract contains 19210mg/L of total amino acid. It is more than the content in the equal amount of mushrooms. (2) The kindergarten children were fed with Collybia Velutipes product for 7 weeks. It was found that the height and the circumference of the mid-upper arm in the children were significantly higher than the control. (3) Weanling male and female rats of wistar strain were divided into two groups ana led the following diets: group l(control), Collybia Velutipes (CV) free diet; group 2(subject), diet containing 25% CV product which contains 2.5% dried CV. The rats were fed the diet ad libitum for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we found that the food effect (FE) of the subject group was significantly higher than the control (P