Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide on autophagy and the apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Thirty-six adult male SD rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n=12 for each group):sham operation group (Sham group), spinal cord injury group (Model group) and hydrogen sulfide pre-treatment group (H2S group). Allen’s method was used to establish the rat model of spinal cord injury. Rats of sham operation group re?ceived only laminectomy. Rats of H2S group received sodium hydrosulphide injection intraperitoneally (50μmol/kg) 1h after spinal cord injury, and Model group was given the same amount of saline solution. Rats in the three groups were sacrificed 24 h after spinal cord injury, then the spinal cord was removed. The expressions of LC3, p70S6K and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. The expression of LC3 was also detected by immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis was as?sessed by TUNEL stain. Results Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰand Cleaved caspase-3 were increased in Model group, but the expression of p70S6K decreased and cell apoptosis increased in Model group (P<0.01). Compared with Model group, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰand Cleaved caspase-3 were decreased significant?ly, while the expression of p70S6K increased and cell apoptosis decreased significantly in H2S group (P < 0.01). Conclu?sion Hydrogen sulfide can inhibit autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Objective: To analyze the basic thyroid hormone level on long term prognosis and peri-operative recovery in patients after heart transplantation (HT) at the terminal stage of heart failure (HF).
Methods: A total of 270 consecutive patients who received HT at the terminal stage of HF in our hospital from 2009-09 to 2014-07 were retrospectively studied. According to serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), the patients were divided into 3 groups: TSH < 0.55 mIU/L group, TSH (0.55-2.5) mIU/L group and TSH > 2.5 mIU/L group. The peri-operative recovery condition and long term prognosis were observed and compared among 3 groups.
Result: The average age of patients was at (44.58 ± 13.30) years including 228 (84.4%) male and 42 (15.6%) female. The average post-operative follow-up period was (31.88 ± 17.48) months with 100% follow-up rate. There were 41.8% of patients with hypothyroidism, and 46 (17.0%) patients with low T3 syndrome, 56 (20.7%) with subclinical hypothyroidism and 11 (4.1%) with clinical hypothyroidism. The ratio of low level thyroid hormone in HT patients was much higher than general population. For peri-operative recovery, the ICU stay time and mechanical ventilation time were similar among 3 groups,P>0.05, while TSH (0.55-2.50) mIU/L group had the shortest times and TSH > 2.50 mIU/L group had longest times. For long term prognosis, no matter uni-/multi- aviate regression analysis or Kaplan-Meier surviving curve all suggested that TSH > 2.50 mIU/L was the independent risk factor inlfuencing the prognosis of HT patients at the terminal stage of HF. Upon TSH increasing, the patients would have worse prognosis accordingly.
Conclusion: Serum level of TSH > 2.50 mIU/L was the independent risk factor in HT patients at the terminal stage of HF.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Ebselen on mitochondrial damage and its influence to Cytochrome C expression and the neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Sixty adult SD rats were ran-domly divided into 5 groups (12 each group). Spinal cord injury model was made using Allen's method. Sham operation group received only laminectomy;SCI group received laminectomy and spinal trauma;Saline group received saline injection intraperitoneally (0.1%DMSO) after injury;methylprednisolone group received 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone injection intra-peritoneally, ebselen group received 10 mg/kg ebselen injection intraperitoneally. The malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathi-one (GSH)level at the injured sites of the spinal cord were detected 24 hours after trauma, and the expression level of Cyto-chrome C was also observed. Finally, neuronal apoptosis was identified by TUNEL staining. Results MDA level in the Eb-selen group was significantly lower than that in the SCI group, and GSH level was significantly elevated in the Ebselen group compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Expression of Cytochrome C in Ebselen group was lower than that in SCI group shown by Western blot, and the neuronal apoptosis in Ebselen group reduced significantly too compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Conclusion Ebselen can alleviate peroxidation,prohibit expression of Cytochrome C and inhibit neuronal apoptosis,thus it shows a protective effect to experimental acute SCI.

Objective Both underuse and overuse of anticoagulant therapy may lead to severe adverse effects. Emerging portable monitering devices, which provides reliable and accurate measurements, were reported to be potential alternatives to tra-ditional monitering recta-analysis regimens. This study was intended to evaluate the effects of serf-monitoring or serf-management (self-testing and serf-dosing) of anticoagulant as compared with that of traditional monitoring. Methods Relevant trials reported before October 2008 were identified in a number of electronic database and analyzed with software RevMan 4.2. The primary out-comes included death from any cause, major bleeding event, thromboembolic event and the proportion of patients whose interna-tional normalized ratio (INR) were within the therapeutic range. Results Seventeen RCT of serf-monitoring were identified.Pooled estimates revealed significant reductions in the thromboembolic events (odds ratio 0.46, 95% CI0.33 -0.64), all-cause mortality (0.61,0.40 -0.93), and major haemorrhage (0.80, 0.58 - 1.10) with self-monitoring as comparing with traditional monitoring. No difference was noted in minor haemorrhage. 15 trials reported improvements in the mean proportion of patients whose INR were within target range. Conclusion Self-management regimen is superior to traditional monitoring in the outcomes of oral anticoagulation. Patients capable of self-monitoring and serf-adjusting have fewer thromboembolic events and lower mortali-ty than those undergoing self-monitoring alone. However, self-monitoring requires education and training for patients.

Objective To study the significance of No12 lymphadenectomy in patients of advanced distal gastric cancer undergoing D2 distal or total gastrectomy.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 193 distal gastric cancer cases undergoing D2 gastrectomy and No12 lymphadenectomy during Jan 2012 and Jan 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In Borrmann Ⅲ,Ⅳ No.12a LN metastasis was significantly higher than that in Borrmann Ⅰ,Ⅱ (x2 =4.841,P =0.028).In cases of multiple cancer 12a LN metastasis was significantly higher than that in gastric angle,gastric antrum (11.1％ 、9.7％ 、30.4％).High-differentiated cancer was lower in LN metastasis than that of low differentiated both in No.12a group (x2 =4.292,P =0.038),and in No.12b group (x2 =4.079,P =0.043).In cases with serosal invasion LN metastasis was higher than that without infiltration both in No.12a group (x2 =8.107,P =0.004),and in 12b group (x2 =3.836,P =0.050).In cases of N 0 ～ 1 the LN metastasis was lower than that in N 2 ～ 3 in 12a group (x2 =10.960,P=0.001),12b group (x2 =4.989,P =0.026),and in 12p group (x2 =4.433,P =0.035 respectively).In cases of tumor diameter ＜3 cm,3 ～5 cm and ＞5 cm,the 12a lymph node metastasis rate was 4.2％,10.0％,and 29.2％,respectively.Tumor size ＞ 5 cm has higher metastasis rate in No.12a group (x2 =6.464,P =0.011).Conclusions No.12 lymphadenectomy should be included routinely in D2 gastrectomy in patients of distal gastric carcinoma.

Objective:To compare the pain control efficiency of continuous adductor canal block (ACB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) in total knee arthroplasty.Methods:From April to September 2016,patients with severe knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were prospectively observed,and all the patients were randomized received ultrasound-guided continuous ACB or FNB after surgery.Numeric pain rating scales (NPRS)pain scores in rest and activity 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after surgery were collected,and the preoperative and postoperative quadriceps strength at 24 and 48 h were analyzed.Opioids consumption and anesthesia related adverse effects were also recorded.Results:In the study,40 patients were enrolled,with 20 patients in each group,male ∶female =7 ∶ 33,the age:(63.8 ± 10.1) years,and the body mass index (BMI):(28.5 ± 3.5) kg/ m2.The general conditions were comparable between the two groups.Though the rest pain 2 h after surgery [ACB =0.0(0,6),FNB =3.0(0,5),P=0.004] and activity pain 12 h post operation [ACB =3.0(3,0),FNB =5.5(0,10),P =0.004] were lower in ACB group compared with FNB group,there was no statistical difference in the other pain checking points between the two groups.The quadriceps strength 24 h and 48 h after surgery were (85.3-± 27.6) N and (80.0 ± 30.1) N in ACB group,(69.0 ± 29.4) N and (64.4 ± 32.0) N in FNB group,both of them were declined by time.The exact data were higher in ACB group,however,there was no statistical difference between the two group by repeated measurements variance analysis(F =2.703,P =0.108).Four patients in ACB group and five in FNB acquired additional use of dolantin once (100 mg/per time) within 24 h.And among them,three patients acquired once dolantin in ACB,two in FNB,from 24 to 48 h postoperation.There were five patients who suffered nausea postoperation in ACB group,and one who reported xerostomia.Four patients in FNB had nausea with vomiting,and three experienced xerostomia.Deep vein thrombosis appeared in 2 patients in FNB group,but no one in ACB group.Conclusion:Continuous ACB is not superior in pain control after TKA compared with FNB,and the quadriceps strength could be reserved more by this method,which performed early benefits in fast rehabilitation.

Objective To study the effect of Exendin-4 on oxidative stress and neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Adult male SD rats, with weight between 200-250 g, were randomly divided into three groups (12 in each group):Sham group, SCI group and Exendin-4 group (Ex-4 group). Rats in Sham group achieved spinal cord exposure. SCI group and Ex-4 group were induced according to Allen′s test (using a weight-drop device). Rats in Ex-4 group were ad?ministrated with Exendin-4 (10 μg/rat) through intraperitoneal injection immediately after establishment of SCI models. Rats in Sham group and SCI group were given the same volume of normal saline solution instead. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of catalase (CAT) were assessed in spinal cord tissues 24 hour after drug administrations. Neural apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and the expression levels of caspase-9 and AIF were determined using Western blot. Results Compared with Sham group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as neuronal apoptosis rate in?creased obviously, while activity of CAT decreased markedly in SCI group(P<0.01). Compared with SCI group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as the neuronal apoptosis rate decreased obviously, while activity of CAT increased re?markably in Exendin-4 group(P < 0.01). Conclusion Exendin-4 restrain neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury through relieving oxidative damage.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect and reliability of basiliximab as immune inducer combined with classic triad resisting immune rejection scheme in preventing immune rejection after heart transplant.MethodsWe continuously collected the clinical information of 214 patients undergoing heart transplantation from June 2004 to January 2011.Basiliximab was used at 1st h before heart transplant and 4 days after the operation by 20 mg each time.Triad resisting immune rejection scheme included methylprednisone,cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil.The endocardial biopsy was done to diagnose rejection postoperatively,and the severity of acute rejection was graded according to the standardized criteria of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT).The recipients were followed up for 1year after the surgery,the data of the endocardial biopsy and rejection were collected,and the postoperative complications and deaths were observed.Results The first time of recipients to accept the endocardial biopsy was 20.1±7.3 days postoperatively,including 63 (29.4％) cases of Grade Ⅰ A,8 (3.7％) cases of grade Ⅰ B,and 12 (5.6％) cases of grade Ⅱ.One year after operation,143 recipients accepted the endocardial biopsy,including 29 (20.3％) cases of grade Ⅰ A,1(0.7％) case of grade Ⅰ B,12 (7.7％) cases of grade Ⅱ.During hospitalization,5 recipients died,including 3 cases due to transplant heart failure,1case due to multiple organ failure and 1due to sudden death.One year after discharge,there were 2 deaths,including one case of serious rejection and 1case of multiple organ failure One month after operation,infection occurred in 7 cases (3.3％),and acute renal insufficiency in 11cases (5.1％).ConclusionCombined use of Basiliximab with triad resisting immune rejection scheme was a kind of safe and effective therapy to prevent early acute rejection after heart transplantation.

Objective To improve the orotracheal intubation verifying technique and reduce the complication of backflow in rat experiment.Methods A new position evaluation of anti-backflow device was designed and made of safety IV catheter and closed IV catheter system.60 adult male Sprague Dawley rats 216±20 g were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (n=40) for verifying placement, group B (n=20) for anti-backflow test.Group A was further divided into group A1 using self-designed positioning device, group A2 using aerosol, group A3 taking cotton fiber for positioning judgment.The group B was divided into two subgroups, B1 and B2, counting escaped bubbles as a means of positioning observation, the difference is that group B1 using frustum of a cone shape anti-backflow device, while the group B2 using common airway tube.Routine endotracheal intubation was performed to observe and record the time of positioning, the location of exhalation phase, and the length of inspiratory phase countercurrent water column.The group A1 further performed tracheotomy under direct vision clearly to confirm the anatomic positioning status.Results During the exhalation cycle,three or more bubbles were observed to escape continuously, indicating that the intubation tube was properly placed and open in the airway.Positioning time: It took 1.75±1.02 respiratory cycles in group A1,3.30±0.95 respiratory cycles in group A2 and 4.10±0.99 respiratory cycles in group A3 to complete the assessment the positioning status.There was no statistically significant difference between groups A2 and A3 (P> 0.05).The time needed for group A1 was significantly shorter than that of groups A2 and A3 (P < 0.01).The longest countercurrent water column length in group B1 was 3.23±0.53 cm, and 8.48±1.01 cm in the group B2.Conclusions The new designed anti-backflow positioning evaluation device is a simple and convenient appliance to evaluate the location of orotracheal intubation in rat experiment.It can effectively improve the positioning efficiency and has practical application value.

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone (EDA) on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticu?lum stress (ESR) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided in?to three groups (12 rats for each group):Sham group, SCI group and EDA group. The rat model of SCI was made by Allen’s method and the sham group was only received laminectomy and kept the spinal cord intact. Rats in sham group and SCI group accepted the same volume and frequency of saline injection as EDA group. The EDA group was given 10 mg/kg EDA once every 12 h intraperitoneally. Three days after injuring, the spinal cords were harvested, and the protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. Immunofluo?rescence staining was used to analyze the positive ratio of caspase-12 and CHOP in spinal cord of three groups. Meanwhile, TUNEL staining was used to identify cell apoptosis of spinal cord. Results Compared with sham group, the protein levels of CHOP, Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were obviously higher in SCI group (P<0.01);the proportion of Cas?pase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly in?creased in spinal cord (P<0.01). However, compared with SCI group, the protein levels of CHOP , Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased in EDA group (P<0.01);the proportion of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly decreased in spinal cord (P<0.01). Conclusion EDA has neuroprotective potential to spinal cord injury. The mechanism of its neuroprotective effect may asso?ciate with its inhibitory effect to the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress after SCI.