The principle and function of FluoViewTM FV500 laser scanning confocal microscope are expatiated.Suggestions are put forward in the selection of fluorescence probe,sample preparation,selection of parameters and environment requirment in using laser scanning confocal microscope.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of blood transfusion on earthquake victims from Wenchuan earthquake area, Sichuan province.Methods The blood routine, electrolyte and coagulation function of earthquake victims were detected.Results A total of 41(27.5%) victims received blood transfusion. The average volume of blood transfusion was 1 233 ml, and the average volume of plasma was 1 550 ml. No patient was found to have adverse transfusion reaction. There was no significant difference between the electrolytes before and after the transfusion.Conclusion Blood transfusion is important in the care of earthquake victims.

Objective To investigate the role of ERCP in geriatric population (≥70 yr) with biliary obstruction.Methods 218 geriatric patients (≥70 yr) and 189 non-geriatric ones ( ＜70 yr) admitted during 2001.1～2007.12 who had undergone biliary drainage by ERCP were retrospectively studied.Results The mean ages in geriatric and non-geriatric group were 79±9 and 56±7 yr,respectively.The success rates of biliary drainage were 96.8% (211/218) and 97.4% (184/189) in geriatric and non-geriatric group,respectively.The procedure time of ERCP was (55±30)rain and (58±34)min in geriatric and non-geriatric group,respectively.The complication rates were 16.1% (35/218) and 13.8% (26/189),respectively.The mortality rates were 1.83% ( 4/218 ) and 1.06% ( 2/189 ),respectively.There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.However,the re-intervention rates were 16.1% (35/218) in geriatric group,which was significantly higher than that of 5.8% (11/189) in non-geriatric group.Conclusions ERCP was a less invasive,safe and effective treatment option for geriatric patients with bile duct obstruction.

Objective To discuss the application effect of health care failure mode and effect analysis in quality control of polysomnngraphy.Methods The health care failure mode and effect analysis were applied to analyze the process of polysomnngraphy,process reengineering was carried out according to potential risk factors and causes affecting the results of polysomnography in order to ensure the continuous improvement of quality of polysomnography.Results After the improvement of the key link affecting the quality of polysomnography,the number of the patients underwent polysomnography increased from 345 in 2007 to 657 in 2010,the success rate increased from 93％ to 98％ and the doctors' trust level about polysomnography increased from 90％ to 96％.Conclusions Applying the health care failure mode and effect analysis to analyze of key link affecting the quality of polysomnography prospectively and adopting the pertinent countermeasures can effeetively improve the quality of polysomnngraphy.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of psychological intervention of husband and wife for the center to patients with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods Eighty infertile couples with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were selected and divided into intervention group and control group with 40 cases in each group according to the document order numbers, the two groups were given conventional health education of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, in addition,the patients in the intervention group received psychological intervention of husband and wife for the center, the intervention time was 5 weeks. Questionnaire investigation about Self- rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self- rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Coping Style Scale and Subjective Feeling of Marriage Scale were conducted before and after the intervention. Results The scores of SDS and SAS were (30.43±8.92), (33.48±9.92) points after the intervention in the intervention group, and (40.26±9.54), (41.51±7.24) points in the control group,and there were significant differences (t=7.611, 6.245, P<0.01).The scores of help seeking, self- accusation, fantasy, wince and rationalization in Coping Style Scale were (0.63±0.19), (0.25±0.21), (0.41±0.22), (0.43±0.24), (0.42±0.21) points after the intervention in the intervention group, and (0.51±0.21), (0.38±0.22), (0.51±0.19), (0.55±0.23), (0.55±0.22) points in the control group, and there were significant differences(t=3.008-3.668, P < 0.05). The scores of subjective feelings of marriage and family relationship were (64.79±9.75), (34.37±5.12) points after inntervention in the intervention group, and (58.09±11.42), (29.23±4.97) points in the control group, and there were significant differences (t=7.212, 3.463, 15.234, P < 0.05). Conclusions Applying psychological intervention of husband and wife for the center to patients with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer can improve the psychological state, reduce depression and anxiety, adopt positive coping style, increase the quality of marriage.

Objective To observe the effects of Shenmai injection on cardiac hemodynamics of isolated heart in rats of myocardial infarction model. Methods 30 myocardial infarction rat models created by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly divided into a model group, a captopril group and a Shenmai group. 24 hours after successfully setup the models, all rat models were executed and their hearts were taken. Langendorff isolated heart perfusion method was adopted, and each group was perfused with 0.05mol/L amount of corresponding medicine, the model group was perfused with KH nutritive medium. left ventricular peak pressure(LVSP)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular pressure increase/decrease rate(dp/dtmax±LV)(mmHg/s)and left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD)(%)and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)(%) was observed 5 min before the perfusion and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h after the perfusion. Results LVSP(9.47%± 0.15%vs. 3.34%± 0.05%),(11.25%± 1.31%vs. 3.79%± 0.04%) and LVEF reducing rate (7.44%± 0.10%vs. 4.94%± 0.04%), (10.24%± 0.31%vs. 5.34%± 0.05%) were elevated, and ±dp/dtmax(5 011 ± 253 mmHg/s vs. 5 827 ± 227 mmHg/s), (4 732 ± 212 mmHg/s vs. 5 837 ± 254 mmHg/s);(3 139 ± 127 mmHg/s vs. 4 722 ± 231 mmHg/s), (2 997 ± 125 mmHg/s vs. 4 793 ± 241 mmHg/s) was reduced in the Shenmai group 1 and 2 hours after the administration, which showed statistical difference compared to the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Shenmai injection reduce myocardial contractility and intraventricular pressure of isolated heart o myocardial infarction rat models.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical result of atlantoaxial reduction and fixation guided by the intraoperative CT.Methods: Sixteen cases were retrospectively studied, including seven males and nine females, with the mean age of 49.9 years.Twelve cases were diagnosed as chronic atlantoaxial instability or dislocation, while four cases as acute odontoid fracture and dislocation.Among the sixteen cases, fourteen underwent atlantoaxial fusion, while two underwent temporary atlantoaxial fixation without fusion.The intraoperative CT was used in the setting of: 1.Evaluating the atlantoaxial reduction before the screw insertion;2.Guiding the C1 and C2 pedicle drilling (two cases using additional three-dimensional printing drilling template);3.Evaluating the position of the screws and reduction after the atlantoaxial fixation.In addition, three-dimensional drilling template combined with intraoperative CT was used in two cases.CT scanning frequency was calculated.To evaluate the accuracy rate of screw fixation under the intraoperative CT, 19 cases without the intraoperative CT were studied as the control group.Results: Averaged CT scanning frequency was 1.4 times (Once in eleven cases, twice in four and three times in one).Among the sixteen cases, mal-positioned C1 screws were found and revised in two cases.No spinal cord injury or vertebral artery injury occurred.The follow-up ranged from three to ten months, with the mean of 6.7 months.Fourteen cases achieved solid osseous fusion, and two with temporary fixation had odontoid fracture union.Anatomic reduction was achieved in all the cases.Eleven cases with preoperative myelopathy had postoperative improvement and their mean JOA scores improved from 12.1 to 14.4.To the last follow-up, no hardware complications were found including screw broken, rod broken or fixation loosening.All the screws of intraoperative CT group had good positions.For 19 cases of the control group, there were two cases of mal-positioned screws (10.5%).Conclusion: Advantages of atlantoaxial reduction and fixation guided by the intraoperative CT included: improving the accuracy of the atlantoaxial screws, exactly evaluating the reduction of the atlantoaxial joint, immediately discovering the mal-positioned screws and avoiding the revision surgery.A good clinical result was found in the preliminary study.

Institutions and management for some key processes in medical equipment management are described. Desired effect is achieved in practice. Good and efficicent medical equipment management is one of the important factors to guarantee medical quality in hospital. Medical equipment management should be improved with the equipment development.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of normal saline flushing and heparinized saline flushing in invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring in the critical patients. Methods A total of 140 critical patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 70 cases in each group according to the envelope method. The experimental group used normal saline for tube flushing, the control group used heparinized saline (5 U/ml) for tube flushing. The incidence of complications and coagulation index were compared between two groups. Results There was no statistically difference in the incidence of the catheter jam and local infection (P>0.05). The incidence of bleeding events was 14.3% (10/70) in the control group, which was higher than 2.9% (2/70) of the experimental group. The difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.466, P<0.05). The activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time of the control group were (32.22 ± 4.22) s, (11.56 ± 2.12) s, which were longer than (29.84 ± 3.64) s, (10.66 ± 1.48) s of the experimental group. And international normalized ratio of the control group was 1.12±0.14, which was higher than 1.03±0.20 of the experimental group. The difference was statistically significant (t values were-3.573,-2.912,-3.084, P <0.05). Conclusions The normal saline flushing liquid was more safer and reliable in the invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring.

Objective:To explore the functions of cytokines and TM in the pathogenesis of acute cerebral infarction.Methods:The levels of IL-1、IL-6 、TNF and TM were detected by ELISA in 55 patients with acute cerebral infarction.Results:The levels of IL-1、IL-6 、TNF and TM were increased significantly in the patients with acute cerebral infarction in comparision with the controls ( P