Buprenorphine,one kind of new drugs,is abused in recent years.In this review,some determination and extraction methods for buprenorphine are introduced.The relative merits of liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,hydrolysis and derivatization methods are compared.The analytical methods such as TLC,GC,GC/MS and LC,LC/MS are discussed.

AIM: To observe the effect of glucosidorum tr ipterygii tororum (GTT) on cytokine productions in acute graft-versus-host disea se (aGVHD) mice. METHODS : C 57 BL/6 mice were exposed to radiation delivered by a linear accelerator . To es tablish a aGVHD model, the cell suspensions, which were obtained from bone marro w and spleen of the BALB/C mice, were transplanted to the radiated C 57 BL/6 mice. The recipients were treated with GTT, GTT+CsA and CsA+MTX. The serum conc entrations of IL-2, TNF-?, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. RES ULTS: The survival rate on day 11 in GTT group (9/10) was higher than in allogeneic bone marrow transplatation (allo-BMT) group (8/19). The concentratio ns of IL-2 and TNF-? in GTT group were significantly lower, but the concentrati on of IL-10 was remarkably higher than that in allo-BMT group ( P 0 0 5). CONCLUSION: GTT inhibited aGVHD development by regulating th e production of cytokines in the host.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important form in integrated renal replace treatment.Malnutrition is still a problem to be resolved in CAPD. A number of investigations showed the effects of amino aicd peritoneal dialysate in malnutrition CAPD patients had benefit effects on improving nutrition status.The results of clinical progress of amino acid peritoneal dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of combined heparin and acutobin in the treatment of acute inferior vena cava thrombus in rabbits. Methods The inferior vena cava thrombus model was established in 72 rabbits and they were randomly divided into three groups; heparin group(A) , group for combination of urokinase and heparin (B), group for combination of acutobin and heparin (C) ,each group including 24 rabbits. Drugs were administrated 3 days after thrombosis. Coagulation indexes were tested to assess their safety, and Doppler ultrasound was used to assess their effectiveness, on day 3, day 7, and day 10. Results The prolongation of prothrombin time ( PT) in group C was shorter than that in group B( P < 0. 05 ) , the fibrinogen ( FBG) value in group C was lower than that in group B (P < 0. 05 ) , the prolongation of PT in group B and group C was longer than that in group A (P < 0. 01), the FBG value of group B and C were higher than that in group A ( P < 0. 01 ), D-dimer ( D-D) value in group B and C gradually returned to normal range. There was no difference between the two groups (P > 0. 05). The thrombolytic effect in group B and C were better than that in group A, statistical difference was reached between groups B and A (P <0. 01), and the difference was statistically significant between groups C and A 10 days after administration (P < 0. 01). Thrombolytic effect was not different statistically between groups B and C (P > 0. 05). Conclusion Acutobin combined with heparin in the treatment of acute inferior vena cava thrombus in rabbits was effective and safe.

ObjectiveTo develop an EZ screw remover for screwing out the skidded screws,discuss its design features and biomechanical characteristics and verify its extracting effect by clinical applications.MethodsFresh skeleton specimens were used in the study,including the femur (n =3),tibia ( n =3 ),radius and ulna ( n =3 ).The screws were fixed to the specimens according to clinical requirements and bone cement was filled into the medullary cavity.The specimens were randomized into three biomechanical test model groups,ie,Group A (measuring the skidded screws with the biggest torsion when the screws were taken out by screwdriver),Group B (measuring the skidded screws with the biggest torsion when the screws were taken out by one handle of EZ screw remover) and Group C ( measuring the skidded screws with the biggest torsion when the screws were taken out by two handles).The fixed screws were divided into two types of φ4.5 mm and φ3.5 mm.The experimental specimens were tested on the universal testing machines to measure the maximum torque,torsion angle,power consumption value and efficiency when drawing out the screws. The experimental data were compared between groups.The skidded screws encountered in clinical were taken out with EZ screw remover to verify the extracting effect.ResultsThe pullout torque in Groups A,B and C was 2.87-3.27 N · m,3.06-4.83N · m and 4.12-8.36 N · m respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The average torsion angle value in each corresponding group was 0.77°,0.28°,0.16° respectively (P ＜ 0.05 ).When the screws were screwed out,the average power consumption was 21 J,32 J and 45 J in Groups A,B and C respectively and power ( mechanical efficiency) was 0.35 J/s,0.53 J/s and 0.75J/s in Groups A,B and C respectively,with significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Seventeen pieces of the cannulated skidded screws of φ7.3 mm in seven patients were successfully taken out by using the EZ screw remover.ConclusionEZ screw removerhas enough resistance strength and rigidity to torsion as well as powerful clamping force and hence is an ideal tool for screwing out the skidded screw in orthopedics.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Huatuo jiaji points plus point Shixuan bloodletting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.Methods One hundred patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 50 cases each. The treatment group received acupuncture at Huatuo jiaji points plus point Shixuan bloodletting and the control group, acupuncture at Huatuo jiaji points alone. Plasma viscosity was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in plasma viscosity in the two groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in plasma viscosity between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 94.0% in the treatment group and 84.0% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Huatuo jiaji points plus point Shixuan bloodletting is an effective way to treat cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective To investigate the CT manifestations of gastric carcinoma invasion to lesser omentum and to assess the im-pact of lesser omentum on the spreading of gastric carcinoma.Methods We retrospectively reviewed CT findings in 48 patients with gastric carcinoma and lesser omentum involved for primary tumor and the lesser omentum abnormalities.The influence of lesser o-mentum on the extension of gastric carcinoma as well as the accompanied ascites were also analyzed.Results CT manifestations of lesser omentum involvement in gastric carcinoma included the following items:① direct infiltration (35.4%,1 7/48),which was mainly shown as increased density of fatty tissue and the development of mass within the lesser omentum,including spreading into the liver through the lesser omentum directly in two cases;② omental seeding (25.0%,12/48),including smudged appearance (1 1 cases)and omental caking (1 case);③ metastasis of lymph nodes (64.6%,31/48),including enlargement and increase of lymph nodes (27 cases)and cystic mass (4 cases).Ascites was found in 1 1 patients and fluid collection in the lesser sac was shown in 3 of these 1 1 patients.The lesser omentum forms the anterior wall of the lesser sac and separates the fluid collection in the lesser sac from the ascites in the greater peritoneal cavity.Ascites was associated with the omental seeding statistically.Conclusion CT scan is helpful for detecting lesser omentum invasion by gastric carcinoma.The imaging features consist of mass sign,enlargement of lymph nodes,smudged andcakingappearance,and so on.Lesser omentum may also play a certain role in both the extension of gastric carcinoma and the compartmentalization of ascites due to gastric carcinoma.

Objective: Adolescents are at a special stage of physical and mental development, which is a susceptible period for mental disorders. Since the outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia in December 2019, long term stress may have negative effects on the mental health of the adolescents. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the study was designed to investigate the mental and psychological health of adolescents in China and its possible related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted using a structured questionnaire which were distributed through the Internet to measure depression, anxiety, life events and stress related factors. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were conducted to process the data. Results: The final sample comprised 795 adolescents. The total detection rate of depression was 76.48% and the total detection rate of anxiety was 33.08%. ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in depression scores in terms of gender, anxiety scores, history of mental disorders, COVID-19 knowledge reserve, family and social contradictions (p<0.05). And there were significant differences in anxiety scores in terms of gender, depression scores, mental health knowledge reserves, family and social contradictions (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety score, health status and COVID-19 knowledge reserve were positively associated with depression score (p<0.01), and history of psychosocial disorders was negatively associated with depression score (p<0.05); depression score, family and social contradictions were significantly positively correlated with anxiety score (p<0.01), and history of mental disorders was significantly negatively correlated with SDS score (p<0.01). Conclusion During the outbreak of COVID-19, adolescent students with better understanding of the pandemic, more complete knowledge of mental health, and better family and social relationship had less impact on their mental health. Therefore, to ensure a sound social support system, elaborate health instruction, and family communication and mutual understanding are conducive to alleviating the psychological stress caused by the epidemic, and it is positive for adolescent students to maintain a good mental health.

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes between hybrid and traditional growing rod (GR) techniques in the treatment of early-onset congenital scoliosis (C-EOS). Methods: A review was conducted of C-EOS patients who had undergone hybrid GR treatment at Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. Another group of patients who had undergone traditional GR were well matched to the hybrid GR group at a 1∶1 ratio in terms of main Cobb angle, age at initial surgery, and lengthening numbers. There were 5 boys and 8 girls with an age of (5.6±2.8) years in the hybrid GR group, and 6 boys and 8 girls with an age of (6.1±3.0) years in the traditional GR group, respectively. All patients had minimum 2-year follow-up and over 2 lengthening procedures. Radiographic data were compared with paired t tests in either group between each visit, and with independent t tests between the two groups. Results: On average, the hybrid group had a follow-up of (42.2±13.4) months (range:27-81 months), and had (4.0±1.8) lengthening procedures with a lengthening interval of (10.5±1.0) months; and the traditional GR group had a follow-up of (45.4±15.2) months (range: 24-76 months), and experienced (4.2±1.9) lengthenings with an interval of (10.8±1.1) months. After the index surgery, the major Cobb angle, C₇ translation, apical vertebral translation, and thoracic kyphosis (TK) had remarkable improvement in both groups. Notably, the hybrid GR group had significantly higher correction rates of major Cobb angle (t=2.348, P=0.027) and TK (t=3.768, P<0.001) than the traditional GR group. At the latest follow-up, the hybrid GR group had remarkably smaller Cobb angle of the major curve than the traditional GR group (t=2.790, P=0.010). At the same time, the hybrid GR group had higher T₁-S₁ height gain than the traditional GR group (t=2.846, P=0.008) after the index surgery. Whereas, non-significant difference was noted between two groups with regards to the T₁-S₁ growth rate during follow-up (t=0.516, P=0.610). Ten complications occurred during the follow-up period, including 2 in the hybrid GR group and 8 in the traditional GR group. The incidence of rod breakage and PJK in the traditional group was 3 and 4 times as high as that of the hybrid GR group, respectively. Conclusions The hybrid growing rod can not only help to improve the correction of spinal deformity but also decrease postoperative complications during follow-up. Moreover, apical short fusion shows no significant influence on spinal growth.

In this study, the general toxicity tests including acute toxicity test, haemolysis test, MTT assay of Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr alloys were carried out. The morphology of these cells was also observed under phase-contrast microscope. By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), the kind and mol% of element in surface film were studied. The kind and concentration of element in dipping fluid were investigated by ICP atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed the primary component is TiO2 in surface film. The dipping fluid of Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr alloys contains Fe 0.2-1.07 mg/l and Mn 0.16-0.5 mg/l; such dental materials are beneficial to health. No cytotoxic effect was disclosed by in vitro and in vivo tests. The level of cytotoxicity was grade 0 and 1; the haemolysis degree was 0.558%-0.642%, i.e. less than 5%. The cells growing in the extract showed normal morphology. These data indicate that Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr alloy, as a dental material, has good biocompatibility.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Dental Alloys ; toxicity ; Iron ; toxicity ; Male ; Manganese ; Mice ; Molybdenum ; toxicity ; Niobium ; toxicity ; Osmotic Fragility ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Titanium ; toxicity ; Zirconium ; toxicity