Objective To observe the fixation features of foveoschisis in pathological myopia patients.Methods 36 patients(42 eyes)with>-6.00D myopic degree and foveoschisis who diagnosed by optical coherence tomography were included.The patients were divided into foveoschisis with retinal detachment group(11 eyes),foveoschisis with macular hole group(12 eyes)and only foveoschisis group(19 eyes).Micro-perimeter MP-1 was used to identify the fixation location and fixation stability.Results The eccentric fixation were formed above the foyea in the foveoschisis with retinal detachment and foveoschisis with macular hole group,the fixation location was formed on fovea in the only foveoschisis group.The fixation stability of the foveoschisis with retinal detachment,foveoschisis with macular hole and only foveoschisis group were(23±4)0A,(59±6)% ,(91±11)% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=243.47,P＜0.01).Conclusions The fixation location is formed on foyea in the patients with foveoschisis in pathological myopia.The eccentric fixation is formed above the fovea in the patients who has foveoschisis with retinal detachment and macular hole in pathological myopia.

0.05); VEGF at 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml with the exposure time of 5 d increased the incorporation( P

Objective To observe the clinical effects and complications of primary trigeminal neuralgia treatment with radiofrequency thermocoagulation on gasserian ganglion. Methods Under the guidance of C-arm or DSA and with Hartel method, we percutaneously punctured the oval foramen to gasserian ganglion and performed radiofrequency times. Results Pain was completed eliminated in 53 of the 56 patients, which was regarded as degree Ⅰ of clinical cure with the curativeness rate being 96.4%; 1 case was of degree Ⅱ; 1 case was of degree Ⅲ; 1 case had no effect. The rate of satisfactory effectiveness was 96.4% and the total rate of efficacy was 98.2%. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion Radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a safe and effective method to treat primary trigeminal neuralgia with few severe complications.

AIM: To establish a model of subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) and investigate the changes of apoptosis and apoptosis-related genes (Bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9) in the rat remnant kidney. METHODS: Remnant kidneys were produced in adult male SD rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. The renal function and histopathological changes were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 26 and 40 weeks after operation. The tissues of remnant kidneys were collected to detect apoptosis cells by in situ end-labeling of cleaved DNA (TUNEL) and proliferating cells by determining the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The expression of Bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The relation between apoptosis, proliferation, glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis was also observed. RESULTS: The results showed the renal pathological dynamic changes in 5/6 nephrectomy remnant kidneys were tubule-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as glomerulosclerosis. There were transient increases in both proliferating and apoptotic processes in glomerulus, tubules and interstitium. Apoptosis was increased and most of apoptotic cells were detected in tubular epithelial cells and interstitial area. The mRNA and protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were increased in all course, and peaked at week 4 and 40 in the SNX rats. The successive changes of these parameters were parallel to the level of focal inflammation in interstitium. Glomerulosclerosis index was related with focal inflammation cells and 24 hours urine protein (r=0.788, 0.822; P

To investigate the role and mechanisms of apoptosis and apoptosis signaling pathway in 5/6 nephrectomy rat model (SN(x)), the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3, -8, -9 and apoptosis were detected by in situ end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western-blotting 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 26 and 40 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was made respectively. The rats in the model group developed glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. The number of the apoptototic cells in glomeruli, renal tubule and renal interstitium was remarkably higher in the model group than that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Changes of mRNA and protein level of caspase-3, -8, -9 had the same tendency and was up-regulated wavily in the rat model compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Peaks in model appeared on the 4th and the 40th week respectively. The growth amplitude of caspase-9 was remarkably higher than that of caspase-8. It is concluded that the development of 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was correlated with the apoptosis of glomeruli, renal tubule and renal interstitium. Both of death receptor and mitochondria signaling pathways are involved in the process and the latter might play a primary role.

OBJECTIVE To study the sterilization method for on-wall oxygen humidifying inhalation sets in hospital.METHODS The different parts of on-wall oxygen humidifying inhalation sets were sterilized with Jianzhishu disinfectant and Andofo povidone iodine disinfectant liquid.RESULTS The regular percents for bacterial examination of the different parts of oxygen humidifying inhalation sets after sterilization were higher than before,P

OBJECTIVE To study the sterilization effect of on-wall oxygen humidifying inhalation sets.METHODS The different parts on on-wall oxygen humidifying inhalation sets were sterilized,then compared the result before and after sterilization.RESULTS The regular percents for bacterial examination of humidifying bottle were 17.14% before sterilization,and 100.00% after sterilization,the regular percents for bacterial examination of metallic guilloche were 34.29% before sterilization and 94.29% after sterilization,the regular percents for bacterial examination of vent tube in humidifying bottle were 8.57% before sterilization,and 97.14% after sterilization.The regular percents for bacterial examination of the different parts of oxygen humidifying inhalation sets after sterilization were higher than before it P

OBJECTIVE To observe the bacterial content on the suspension bed sheet in burns intensive care unit.METHODS To detect the bacterial content on the suspension bed sheet and the common sickbed sheet(20 sheets in each group) after sampling them before use and 12 and 24 hours after use and to compare them.RESULTS The bacterial content on two sorts of the sheets before use was accorded with the Ministry of Health standards.but 12 hours after use the significant bacterial content on the common sickbed sheet [(4.9?2.1) CFU/cm2] was much higher than that on the suspension bed [(3.2?1.1) CFU/cm2,P0.01].CONCLUSIONS Using suspension bed could reduce bacterial content on the sheet and ease nurse workload.

Objective To examine the association between residual renal function at initiation of dialysis and prognosis in maintenance dialysis patients.Methods Incident patients with end-stage renal diseases initiating dialysis between 1 January 2005 and 30 September 2009,followed up to 31 March 2010 were enrolled in this study.Residual renal function was evaluated using eGFR estimated by the abbreviated MDRD equation.Patients were classified into four groups according to eGFR of ≥10.5,8 to ＜10.5,6 to ＜8,＜6 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.The outcome was all-cause and cardiocerebral vascular mortality.Results (1) A total of 562 patients were included.The median eGFR at initiation of dialysis was 5.60 (2.26-12.62) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.The median follow-up time was 17 (0-58) months from initiation of dialysis and 141 patients died within this period.The median survival time was 45.48 (43.05-47.90) months.With eGFR declined,Scr,BUN,serum uric acid,serum prealbumin,phosphorus,calcium and phosphate product,iPTH,mean arterial pressure (MAP) at initiation of dialysis increased (P＜0.05),and hemoglobin,proportion of male,proportion of diabetes comorbidity,proportion of the Charlson comorbidity index ≥5 decreased (P＜0.05).Though there was no significant difference among the four groups,the proportion of left ventricular hypertrophy comorbidity increased when eGFR declined.(2) There was no significant difference of all-cause mortality among four groups using Kaplan-Meire survival curve.Cox regression model indicated no significant difference of all-cause mortality in levels of eGFR (HR=1.012,95％CI 0.961-1.065,P=0.654).Without patients died in the first 3 months,the multivariate Cox regression model indicated eGFR at initiation of dialysis was the protective factor to 1 year survival (HR=0.791,95％CI 0.669-0.935,P＜0.01).(3) The multivariate Cox regression model indicated the risk of overall and 1 year cardiocerebral vascular death decreased with eGFR at initiation of dialysis increased (HR=0.868,95％CI 0.777-0.971,P＜0.05; HR=0.937,95％CI 0.851-0.992,P＜0.05,respectively).(4) The multivariate Cox regression model indicated eGFR at initiation of dialysis was benefit to survival of patients treated by peritoneal dialysis,with all-cause death risk decreased by 10％ when eGFR increased by 1 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 (HR=0.90,95％CI 0.81-0.99,P＜0.05).In hemodialysis patients,Kaplan-Meire survival curve was significantly different among the four groups (Log-rank test,P=0.047); the survival of the group of 8 to ＜10.5 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 was lower as compared to the groups of 6 to ＜8 (Log-rank test,P=0.033) and ＜6 ml·min-1(1.73 m2)-1 (Log-rank test,P=0.005); but the multivariate Cox regression model indicated no relationship between survival and eGFR.In the subgroup of chronic glomerulonephritis as primary renal disease,the eGFR at initiation of dialysis was the benefit factor,with all-cause death risk decreased by 16.6％ (HR=0.834,95％CI 0.736-0.946,P＜0.01) and cardiocerebral vascular death risk decreased by 18.2％ (HR=0.818,95％CI 0.669-0.999,P＜0.05) when eGFR increased by 1 ml ·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1.In the subgroup of chronic glomerulonephritis treated by peritoneal dialysis,the all-cause death risk decreased by 32.1％ with eGFR increased by 1 ml·min 1·(1.73 m2)-1 (HR=0.679,95％CI 0.535-0.862,P＜0.01).Conclusions Early initiation of dialysis may not be associated with improved overall survival,but may reduce cardiocerebral vascular and 1 year all-cause mortality,improve the survival of chronic glomerulonephritis patients and peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective To study interdialytic body weight gain(IBWG)in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients,and to analyze the associated factors. Methods A total of 269 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the percentage of IBWG(PIBWG:interdialytic body weight gain/dry weight×100%):PIBWG＞3.50%(190 cases)and PIBWG≤3.50%(79 cases).Associated factors of IBWG were analyzed. Results The average IBWG of 269 MHD patients was(2.42±1.01)kg(0-6.33 kg),and PIBWG was(4.25±1.79)%.In male patients,IBWG was (2.45±1.09)kg,and PIBWG was(3.99±1.79)%.In female patients,IBWG was(2.39±0.85)kg,and PIBWG was(4.64±1.74)%which was significantly higher compared to males(P＜0.01).Patients with PIBWG＜3.00%accounted for 20%,with PIBWG≥3.00%to＜5.00%accounted for 50%,with PIBWG≥5.00%accounted for 30%.Compared to patients with PIBWG＞3.50%,those with PIBWG≤3.50%were characterized by elder age(year)(60.50 ±14.49 vs 54.07±13.78),more males(70.88%vs 54.74%),shorter dialysis duration(month)(41.03±41.92 vs 58.83±43.57),larger BMI(kg/m2)(22.67±3.36 vs 20.91±3.25)and less dry weight(kg)(56.69±10.94 vs 62.82±10.97),more residual urine(ml,In)(6.19±0.94 vs 5.48±0.8),lower predialysis serum β2MG(mmol/L)(31.61±9.82 vs 38.54±10.38)and phosphorus(mmol/L)(1.92±0.66 vs 2.15±0.58).Correlation analysis revealed that PIBWG was positively correlated with dialysis duration,Scr,BUN,β2-MG,phosphorus,decrease and decrease percentage of BP during hemodialysis,and negatively correlated with age,dry weight,BMI,residual urine,and pre-dialysis SBP,MAP. Conclusions PIBWG of about 70%of our patients was below 5%.Young.female.low BMI and dry body weight,long dialysis duration,low residual urine,chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy are associated with more IBWG,which may lead to greater intradialytic BP fluctuation.