China ; Humans ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; trends

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a profoundly dangerous,potentially lethal,immunologically mediated adverse drug reaction to unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin.Clinical vigilance of this disease process is important to ensure its recognition,diagnosis,and treatment.Misdiagnosis of the syndrome,as well as misunderstanding of the disease process,continues to contribute to its morbidity and mortality.In this comprehensive review,the authors highlight heparin-induced thrombocytopenia's clinical presentation,diagnostic principles,and treatment.

Fatigue not only affects people′s lives and work, but also causes diseases .Numerous studies have shown that some phytochemicals can promote body energy metabolism and regeneration , improve physical condition , resist fatigue growth and accelerate fatigue alleviation .This paper reviewed the recent research progress , domestic and overseas , in the anti-fatigue effect of phytochemicals .

Objective To observe the effects of olfactory lamina propria (OLP) transplantation and ganglioside GM1 treatment on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods Totally 50 healthy pure breed female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after spinal cord hemiseetion were randomly divided into 5 groups and were given different treatments: (OLP + GM1) treatment group (group A), GM1 treatment group (group B), OLP treatment group (group C), spinal cord injury but without treatment group (group D) and healthy control group (group E). The recovery of neurological function was evaluated by somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and pathological examination after surgery. Results In group A, in some rats an escaping response in right hind leg occurred, but in other groups, the motor function was not significantly improved. Histological examination showed that transplanted olfactory lamina propria survived in the transplantation area and expanded on certain routes. NF positive nerve fibers passed through the transplantation area. Compared with group B, C, D, the N1-wave latency was(4.71±0. 72)ms 4 weeks after operation(P<0. 01), and the NF density was(7. 31±0. 26) ×104/mm28 weeks after operation in group A(P<0. 05). Conclusions Olfactory lamina propria (OLP) transplantation and ganglioside GM1 treatment have a synergistic effect on SCI.

Object To extract and purify a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube Methods The enzyme was precipitated from the extract by ammonium sulfate, dialyzed, chromatographed on Sephadex G 100 column, and then purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Its fibrinolytic activity was assessed with fibrin plate method Results The purified enzyme showed an isoelectric point (PI) around 4 5 as tested by gel isoelectric focusing It consisted of two polypeptide chains with molecular weights around 33 000 u and 14 400 u, respectively Conclusion This was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme discovered from P aibuhitensis for the first time

Objective To observe the effects of transplantation of bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs)transfected with bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)on fracture healing in rats with diabetes so as to provide a new therapy for diabetic fractures.Methods Fifty male adult Wistar rats aged six weeks randomized to the control group and experimental group were all employed to establish models with diabetic fractures.Under high glucose condition,BMSCs were transfected with BMP-2 by adenovirus vector in vitro.BMSCs transfected by BMP-2 were transplanted into the fracture area of rats in the experimental group,while non-transfected BMSCs into the corresponding area of rats in the control group.X-ray examination was performed at 1,2,3,4 and 6 weeks after transplantation.Bony calluses were collected for HE staining and gray scales of BMP-2 in calluses were determined by immunohistochemical method.Meanwhile,serum levels of BMP-2 were measured by ELtSA.Results The gray scales of BMP-2 in the calluses were 83±3 in the experimental group and 118±4 in the control group at four weeks(P＜0.01).The serum concentrations of BMP-2 were(203.80±8.96)ng/L in the experimental group and(139.15±4.19)ng/L in the control group at four weeks(P＜0.01).Conclusion Transplantation of BMSCs transfected by BMP-2 promotes fracture healing in diabetic rats.

AIM: To identify the differences of gene expression between human age-related cataract and clear lenses. METHODS: The RNA were extracted from human age related cataract and clear lens epithelial cells, labeled with cy3/cy5 as probes, then were hybridized to cDNA chip containing 8 064 genes. The differential expressions of the genes were screened. Furthermore, a primary classification of these genes function was given. The expression levels of the identified genes were further evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: 286 genes expression were observed to increase and 438 genes expression were observed to decrease in cataractous lens epithelial cells as compared with normal lens. According to functional analysis, the changed genes in cataract lens are associated with lens structural components, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, apoptosis and stress responses. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there are differences in gene expression between cataract and clear human lens epithelial cells. The majority of genes changed in cataract exhibited decreased expression. Processes associated with the down-regulated genes may reflect the inability of the lens to maintain its homeostasis and transparency.

Objective To identify the genotype of the APP/tau/PS1 triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice,and investigate the pathological changes of tau protein in the pathogenic process.Methods Using specific primers of PS1,APP,tau gene,the genotypes of the triple transgenic AD mice were identified.Expression of tau protein in hippocampal tissue of mouse model aged 2,4,8 month was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of tau and its hyperphosphorylation in different sites in the hippocampal tissue and different month old mice was detected by Western blotting.Results PCR amplification fragment of 960 bp,530 bp and 400 bp of transgenic mouse genome were the expected size of APP,PS1,tau,respectively.Expression of tau in hippocampal CA3 region was increased obviously in the 8 month old mice.Compared with the normal wild-type mice,the expressions of tau and phosphorylation of pS262,pS404 and pS202 were increased significantly in hippocampus tissue of the transgenic mice (P＜0.01).Expression of tau were significantly higher in 8-and 12-monthsold mice than in 2 months-old mice (P ＜ 0.01).Phosphorylation level of pS404 and Ps202 was significantly increased since 2-months-old in transgenic mouse compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01),and in 8-monthold mice,there was also a significant increase as compared to that in 2 month-old mice (P＜0.01).As to the phosphorylation level of pSs262,the significant increase did not appear until 12 months old in transgenic mouse as compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01).Conclusions The triple transgenic mice can stably express the APP/tau/PS1 gene.The transgenic animals can be a useful model with the pathological features of tau of AD.The phosphorylation level of tau in different site increases in different time,which will provide useful research reference in Alzheimer's disease pathology and medication research.

Objective To investigate the effect of ski gene in migration process of astrocytes in rats. Methods Astrocytes were obtained from rats' cerebral cortex and cultured in vitro. siRNA targeting ski gene and negative control sequences were prepared. The ski-siRNA group, siRNA negative control group and untreated group were set in this experiment. The specific siRNA targeting ski gene was transfected into astrocytes with Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent. Then the ski protein levels were determined with Western blotting. After transfec-tion, the changes in migration of astrocytes were measured with wound scratch assay and Transwell migration assay. Results Western blot-ting showed that the expression of ski protein was significantly lower in the ski-siRNA group than in the siRNA negative control group and untreated group (F=132.957, P<0.001). Transwell migration assay showed that the number of astrocytes crossing through chambers was less in the ski-siRNA group than in the siRNA negative control group and untreated group (F>47.197, P<0.05). Wound scratch assay showed that the wound healing rate was lower in the ski-siRNA group than in the control group one, two, three, four and five days after transfection (F>69.187, P<0.001). Conclusion Ski knocked down by siRNA could inhibit the migration ability of astrocytes. It is a reminding that ski may take part in the migration process of astrocytes, and moreover, ski may play an important role in the formation of glial scar.

Objective To introduce the experience of prophylaxis and management of the complications of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) during perioperative period because those complications can not be avoided yet.Methods During Oct 2000 to Jan 2013,318 patients were performed CEA.There were 213 men and 105 women with an average age of 74.8 years ranged from 48 to 85y.There were 186 patients in the left,120 patients in the right,and 12 patients in two sides.Simply,CEA are performed in 166 patients,CEA and patch in 140,and 12 patients were performed bypass with the autogenously great saphenous vein after the lesions removal.Results The perioperative complications were preoperative stroke in 3 cases,hypotension during operation in 16,after-operation deaths in 3,hyperperfusion syndrome in 18,postoperative severe cerebral infarction in 1,hoarseness in 14,and hematoma in 28.Conclusions Perioperative complications of CEA can be decreased by cautious surgical procedure and postoperative observation.