AIM To observe the influence of high fat diet on the success rate of diet induced obesity rat. METHODS Rats of model group were fed with hight fat diet for 16 weeks then, the weight and Lee index were measured and compared with those of normal control group. RESULTS The weight and Lee index of model group rats were 491 62?46 89 and 319 04?9 49. Those of the normal control group rats were 394 2?50 78 and 304 63?5 99. There were significant difference between the two groups( P

BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is mainly concerned with macrophage mobilizing function, as the upper stream cytokine of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which may have critical effect in the process of the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlations between the change of serum MIF and the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Non-randomized control and case study, which was carried out in the Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA from September in 2005 to October in 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty RA patients were included in this study, and other thirty healthy subjects were selected as the control group. There were significant differences in age and sex between the two groups. METHODS: Clinical data of sixty RA patients were selected by carrying out retrospective analysis, then on the basis of disease activity score (DAS) accumulated points, they were divided into active and inactive group respectively, who were contrasted with 30 health adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Morning stiffness (in minutes), joint tenderness index, arthrocele index, semi-quantity rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein concentration (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelet count (PLT) were recorded; ② To compare the level of serum MIF, IL-1β and TNF-α among active group, inactive group, and control group; ③ The correlation analysis was carried out among the level of serum MIF, inflammatory index and clinical observation index.RESULTS: There was significantly increased in serum MIF of patients in the active group compared to of inactive and normal groups (P < 0.05), but there were no significantly differences between inactive and control groups (P > 0.05). There were significant correlations between the serum MIF concentration and active inflammatory index of RA disease, blood sedimentationrate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet counting (PLT), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), swell joint index (SJI) and tenderness joint, but no significant difference was observed between the serum MIF, age, disease course, morning stiffness and rheumatoid factor (RF).CONCLUSION: The serum MIF concentration is significantly increased in patients with RA, and it may be a useful parameter for monitoring disease activity of RA.

Objective To explore inhibition of nicotine on apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by monosodium iodoacetate ( MIA) .Methods Rat primary chondrocytes were isolated by enzyme digestion, and the cells were treated with 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 10 -6 , 10 -5 mol/L nicotine for 48 h.The cases were randomly divided into five groups, except for normal group, the other four groups were treated with 4μmol/L MIA 24 h, and three groups were treated 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 10 -6 mol/L nicotine.The viability of chondrocytes was detected by MTT assay.The apoptosis of chondrocytes was examed by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow dual-staining method.The activity of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 ( Caspase 3 ) was measured by spectrophotography method.The activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K)/protein kinase B ( AKT) and the expression of down-stream molecule Bax, Bcl-2 was assayed by western blot.Results 10 -7 , 10 -6 mol/L nicotine increased chondrocytes' viability (P<0.05), 10 -5mol/L nicotine reduced chondrocytes' viability (P<0.05), and 10 -8 mol/L nicotine didn't effect on chondrocytes' viability (P>0.05).10 -8, 10 -7, 10 -6 mol/L nicotine could increase MIA-induced chondrocytes' viability (P<0.05), suppress MIA-induced chondrocytes' apoptosis and the activity of MIA-induced Caspase 3 (P <0.05).Moreover, 10 -7, 10 -6 mol/L nicotine could increase the expression of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT ( P<0.05) , down-regulate the expression of Bax and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 in MIA-induced rat chondrocytes ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion These results suggested nicotine could exert anti-apoptosis in MIA-induced rat chondrocytes, which might be related to PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the role of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1(SIRT1) in renal ischemia-reperfusion(IR) injury and its effect on NF-κBp65-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signal pathway in mice.Methods Seventy-two healthy C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group(n=18),sham-operated group(n=18),IR group(n=18),resveratrol group(n=18).Bilateral renal pedicle were clamped for 45 min was adopted to establish the model of acute ischemic renal injury,to give 2％ dimethyl sulfoxide or resveratrol by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days before modeling.Determination techniques included routine biochemical methods for the the levels of Scr and BUN,spectrophotometry for the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD),HE staining for the histological changes as well as immunohistochemical method and Western blotting for the expressions of SIRT1,NF-κBp65 and PGC-1α,respectively.Results Compared with that in control and sham-operated groups,the levels of serum Scr and BUN were higher and SOD levels in renal tissues were lower at 12 h and 24 h after operation in IR groups(P ＜ 0.05).HE staining revealed evident pathological lesions including necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in IR group.Compared with that in IR group,resveratrol attenuated the above-mentioned changes.Western blotting revealed the up-regulated SIRT1 expression and the activated NF-κB signal pathway,the up-regulated p65 expression and the down-regulated PGC-1αexpression subsequent to IR(P ＜ 0.05).Both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in resveratrol group were up-regulated compared to that in IRgroup(P ＜ 0.05),while the NF-κBp65 expression in resveratrol group was down-regulated(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury,the activation of SIRT1 can inhibit the NF-κBp65 expression and accordingly up-regulated PGC-1α level,contributing to inhibiting inflammatory reactions and attenuating oxidative stress-induced injury in the protection of the kidneys.

ObjectiveTo detect the ultrastructure of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro .MethodsNSCs separated from the cortex of 17—19 days Wistar rat fetus were cultured and induced to differentiate in vitro. Electron microscopes were used to visualize the ultrastructure of these cells before and after differentiation.ResultsNSCs had the similar cellular size, morphology and intracellular structures pre-differentiation. Cells were able to proliferate via mitosis. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio was very high. The nucleus was poly-morphological. Cells had very little cytoplasm and no mature organelles. After differentiation, several processes protruded out from cellular surface. Cells became flat shape, the volume of cytoplasm increased dramatically and various kinds of mature organelles appeared in the cytoplasm. Cells differentiated into two kinds of cells,neural cells and glial cells,with quite different morphology and intracellular structure. ConclusionNSC is one kind of original cells which can be induced to differentiate into mature neural cells and glial cells.

Neurotrophins promote and modulate the repair and regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) on the levels of synapses, neurites and neural cells, and even of the auxiliary structures of CNS. As to immune molecules, recent studies denied the classical doctrine that CNS is an immune privilege organ. In the last decade, it is found that immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair. What are more, some macromolecules that were previously thought to be the members of the family of immune system play essential roles in the development and regeneration of the CNS. Therefore, the authors postulate that there are crosstalks between the neurotrophins and the immune molecules in the CNS.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and timely treatment of DNM. Methods: Data on DNM in China was electronically retrieved from the core databases and comprehensively reviewed from June 2012 to June 2023. The infection, pathogenic microorganisms, main symptoms, comorbidities and treatment methods of DNM were analyzed. Results: The data of a total of 781 DNM patients, with an average age of (52.97 ± 5.64) years, were retrieved, including 554 males and 227 females. Odontogenic source, tonsillitis, pharyngeal abscess, sialoadenitis, upper respiratory tract infection, foreign body injury, or iatrogenic traumatic procedures are common causes. Among these, odontogenic infection is the most common source. Streptococcus sp. (n = 217) and Staphylococcus sp. (n = 82) were most isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (equally n = 59). A total of 69.4% (542/781) of DNM patients recruited in this study were discovered to have various comorbidities, and more than one-third of these patients (n = 185) had diabetes. Of the broad antibiotics, carbapenem was most frequently used as treatment, and vancomycin was the most frequently coadministered. The mediastinal drainage approach varies widely, and the optimal regimen is still unknown. Seventy-two patients were treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic/mediastinoscopic surgical drainage, 22 patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage, 30 underwent the transcervical approach, and 40 underwent thoracotomy. A total of 617 patients who were selected underwent the appropriate combined operation for surgical drainage according to the specific location of the infected focus. The overall mortality rate of all 781 DNM patients included was 11.2%. Conclusion The most effective diagnosis and treatment of DNM is a high degree of clinical vigilance followed by prompt and adequate drainage with intensive care, including hemodynamic monitoring, nutritional support, computer tomographic scanning repeated as necessary, and combined use of systemic antibiotics.